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关键词： Arsenic   Corpuscular fragility   Hemato-biochemical indices   Liver enzymes   Oxidative stress   Subclinical intoxication  

摘要： Arsenic is one of the widely dispersed elements in the Earth’s crust and exists in the environment due to natural and anthropogenic sources. The toxin is greatly expanded through intensive application of groundwater in agriculture in the region within the Green Revolution framework. It is an environmental chemical element of high concern for human and animal health. Agricultural land is constantly contaminated with arsenic due to application of groundwater for irrigation purposes. Animals, being exposed to arsenic through contaminated drinking water, exhibit major abnormalities in the blood and tissues of animals prior to the excretion in the urine and feces. This present study was conducted to evaluate the hemato-biochemical indices and blood oxidative stress in thirty Black Bengal goats irrespective of age, sex, breeding system of Ghetugachi village of Nadia district of West Bengal, India, and control Akna village of Polba block of Hoogli district of West Bengal, India. There was a significant reduction in hemoglobin, red blood cells and white blood cells, packed cell volume, and total serum protein with a significant elevation of aspartate aminotransaminase, alanine aminotransaminase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine. Elevated corpuscular osmotic fragility depicted an altered mechanism associated with the deviation of the normal functioning of erythrocytes. Goats harboring in the grazing arsenic endemic zone also showed a significantly higher arsenic burden in blood. The affected goats further exhibited declined superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of erythrocytes and plasma nitrite levels with increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl level. Our investigation concluded that goats of the arsenic-affected areas are suffering from a subclinical form of arsenic toxicity, which is proved through the altered hemato-biochemical and oxidative stress indices with a higher arsenic concentration in the blood. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licenc

关键词： 共价有机框架   钴离子   荧光传感   吡啶   食品分析  

摘要： 钴能刺激人体的骨髓系统,具有促进血红蛋白的合成,增加红细胞数量等特点。但人体中钴元素过剩会造成哮喘、过敏性皮炎、血管扩张和心肌病等有害副作用。由于钴广泛应用于合金、涂料和金刚石等加工过程中,钴污染越来越严重。因此,建立一种钴离子的检测方法十分重要。本论文基于共价有机框架(Covalent organic frameworks,COFs)具有优良的荧光性质、稳定性高等优点,建立了一种快速、高灵敏的钴离子检测方法。首先,以四(4-氨基苯基)甲烷(TAPM)、4,4’-联苯二甲醛(BPDA)和2,2’-联吡啶-5,5’-二胺(Bpy)为单体,采用溶剂热法制备了亚胺连接的三维COFs荧光探针。通过扫描电镜、傅里叶红外变换光谱、粉末X射线衍射、热重、N吸附/脱附分析等表征手段对COFs的形貌、特征基团、结构、热稳定性、比表面积以及孔径分布进行了分析。同时考察了所制备COFs的荧光性能、Co传感检测性能、影响因素、并探究了COFs作为荧光探针检测Co的机理与优势。通过荧光测试表明:COFs的激发波长和发射波长分别为324 nm和406 nm,Co对COFs的荧光具有显著淬灭作用,最佳溶剂体系为乙腈/水=8/2(v/v),最短反应时间为3 min。在最优条件下,COFs对Co具有较高的选择性,荧光淬灭度(F-F)随Co浓度(0.01-0.25μM)的增加而线性增加,检出限为2.63 n M。通过X射线光电子能谱、荧光寿命和斯特恩-沃尔默曲线探究COFs与Co的作用机理。研究表明:Co与COFs中的吡啶N(亚胺N和联吡啶中的N)发生配位作用。COFs与Co作用时会发生静态淬灭和动态淬灭,当COFs与较低浓度Co作用时发生静态淬灭,随着Co浓度增加,静态淬灭变为动态淬灭。与Bpy相比,COFs对Co的荧光检测线性范围更宽,选择性更好。最后,该方法成功应用于虾和自来水中Co的检测,加标回收率分别为102.3%～104.6%和88.1%～109.7%。由于合成的COFs具有良好的稳定性以及对Co具有高选择性和高灵敏度的优点,该方法有望应用于复杂样品中Co的灵敏检测。

关键词： Angkor temples   Biodeterioration   Biofilms   Capillary action   Cultural heritage   Defoliation   Sandstone   Salting   Secondary minerals   AMMONIA-OXIDIZING ARCHAEA   BAYON TEMPLE   BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES   CULTURAL-HERITAGE   BIODETERIORATION   BIOFILMS   STONE   THOM   MICROORGANISMS   COLONIZATION  

摘要： Angkor monuments/temples in the Southeast Asia are UNESCO World Cultural Heritage of the Khmer Civilization and they require preservation and protection from destruction. In this article, activityand process-based approaches are used to present the current available results on the active microorganisms and their biochemical processes associated with the biodeterioration of sandstone cultural heritage under the tropical climate in Cambodia. Such information is important for effectively protection and management. Severe deterioration of sandstone monuments is a result of weathering processes of a combination of physical, chemical and biological forces, including both natural and anthropogenic ones. Given the fact that water is an important natural factor affecting the stability of sandstone cultural heritage under the tropical regions, subsequent microbial colonization and contribution to the deterioration of sandstone have been investigated with both culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques to provide information about the microbiota associated with the sandstone. Recent data show that both sulfur and nitrogen cycles are active biochemical processes by specific microorganisms on sandstone temples/monuments in the tropical region. Both sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and fungi are active involved and, more recently, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are implicated with higher abundance than ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) on sandstone monuments. It is clear that a research paradigm shift is taking place on microbiology of cultural heritage, and the active, and biochemically and physiologically functional microbes are focused to advance our fundamental understanding and knowledge on the biodeteriogens for a better protection and management of cultural heritage. Biochemically and physiologically functional and important microorganisms, as well as the biochemical mechanisms involved, shall be focused in order to advance the basic research on cultural heritage, while

关键词： adypokines   bioimpedance analysis   energy metabolism   human body composition   “dry” immersion  

摘要： Abstract: Time-dependent changes in body composition and the levels of hormones involved in regulating energy metabolism and eating behavior were studied in ten healthy volunteers who were exposed to dry immersion (DI) for 21 days without the use of countermeasures to prevent the negative effects of the experimental conditions. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) was used to assess the body composition in the test subjects. The proportion of lean mass decreased, while the fat component increased in the subjects under the influence of factors of 21-day DI. Cluster analysis isolated two equal homogeneous groups of subjects with a reduced group variability of the parameters of body composition and systemic regulation of energy metabolism. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in relative skeletal muscle mass (SMM%) was observed after 21-day DI in the group with a higher relative body fat mass (FM), a lower relative fat-free mass (FFM), and a higher basal metabolic rate. SMM was stable, while SMM% increased (p < 0.05) after 21-day DI in the group with a lower relative FM, a higher FFM, and a lower basal metabolic rate. A significant increase in blood insulin was observed during DI in this group. Leptin and triglyceride concentrations differed between the groups in different periods of the experiment. © 2021, Pleiades Publishing, Inc.

摘要： 俗话说"民以食为天",食品安全问题一直是国家和社会关注的重点。为此,我国专门出台了《食品安全法》,旨在全方位、多角度地维护社会的食品安全秩序稳定、促进食品经济市场的健康有序发展,保障我国的食品安全,提高国民身心健康。由张涛编著、厦门大学出版社于2006年6月出版的《食品安全法律规制研究》一书,不仅是一本值得广大法学生学习的优秀教材,也可供食品相关产业的法律从业者阅读学习。

关键词： 糖尿病   生物化学检验   临床诊断  

摘要： 目的:探讨和分析空腹血糖、血脂和葡萄糖耐受的生物化学检验在糖尿病患者中的临床诊断应用价值.方法:选取2018年7月-2019年7月我院收治的86例糖尿病患者为研究组,并选取同期来我院体检的86例健康体检者为对照组,两组172例研究对象均进行血糖、血脂和葡萄糖耐受的生物化学检验,然后对比和分析两组患者的生化检验结果.结果:空腹血糖、血脂检测结果显示,研究组患者的TC、TG、LDL-C和FPG的水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而研究组患者的HDL-C水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05);葡萄糖耐受水平的检测结果显示,研究组患者的葡萄糖耐受水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05).结论:空腹血糖、血脂和葡萄糖耐受水平的生物化学检验对糖尿病患者的临床诊断具有较高的应用价值,值得进一步推广和应用.

关键词： 实验教学   虚拟仿真   生物化学  

摘要： 生物化学是医学检验技术专业的基础课程,本文在医学检验专业临床模拟实验室概念提出的基础上,构建"虚拟+真实"生物化学实验教学平台,并借助该平台开展生物化学的实验教学,提高生物化学实验教学的效果。

关键词： PBL   生物化学检验   自主学习   应用  

摘要： 生物化学检验是医学检验技术专业一门必修的专业核心主干课程.PBL教学法以问题为基础,强调以学生的主动学习为主的教学方法.将PBL引入生物化学检验教学中是必要的,针对'体液蛋白质检验'教学内容,通过'组建小组、提出问题、分析解决、实施应用、评估检测'教学步骤,提高了学生主动学习的能力,从而提升生物化学检验教学质量.

关键词： 生物化学   哲学   课程融合   核心素养  

摘要： 生物化学(以下简称"生化")是生命科学领域的基础学科,是后续相关课程的重要基石。在高速信息化时代,填鸭式的灌输会使学生创新原动力不足。如何在学生获取知识的同时,充分探索生化的内在规律、展示生化的魅力、启迪学生的心智,进而提升学生核心素养等,是我们生化教学一线教师矢志不渝的使命。生化内涵丰富,其中与哲学之间相互渗透、互为印证,本文就生化所蕴含的整体论、抽象与具体的统一性、对立统一规律、质量互变规律、否定之否定规律以及代谢平衡论等哲学观点进行阐述,以期与同行们进行交流。