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关键词： Paraechinus aethiopicus   Haematology   Biochemistry   Reference intervals   Saudi Arabia   ERINACEUS-EUROPAEUS   DESERT HEDGEHOG   PARAMETERS   VARIABLES   ANDROGENS   PATTERNS   VALUES   AGE  

摘要： The Ethiopian hedgehog (Paraechinus aethiopicus) is an insectivore which is known to occur in northern an eastern Africa and in most of the Arabian Peninsula. Few recent studies on the reproduction, parasitology and ecology are available, but none has been published on the hematology and serum biochemistry reference intervals. Hence the present study was conducted in order to establish haematological and biochemical for free ranging apparently healthy hedgehogs using automated haematology and biochemistry analyzers. Variation and differences in blood values between males and females as well as before and after hibernation were evaluated. Blood samples from 50 males and 35 females were used for the establishment of the reference interval for the haematological and biochemical variables. Data from males and females were compared using student's t-test in the computer program SPSS. Significant sex-related haematological differences were observed in the total WBCs, monocytes, RBCs, MCV and MCH values. Males showed significantly higher WBCs compared to females whereas females showed significantly higher values form monocytes, RBCs, MCV and MCH than males (p < 0.05-0001). Changes in the biochemical profiles were significant in AlP, BUN and Na. ALP and BUN were higher in males while Na was higher in females (p < 0.05-0.01). The effect of hibernation was evidenced by increase in the RBCs, haemoglobin, haematocrit and MCHC and decrease in the total protein and phosphorus in animals after hibernation. These findings are considered the first regarding the reference intervals for the desert hedgehog and it will constitute a basis for any further haematological and biochemical studies. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.

关键词： Zamzam water   Liver enzymes   Liver and kidney tissues   Kidney function   Hepatotoxicity   Nephrotoxicity  

摘要： Zamzam water is a natural alkaline water which has become alkaline as a result of the natural environment. It comes from what is considered as one of the oldest springs in the world. The water contains high concentrations of alkaline minerals as well as trace and heavy metals. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effects of five weeks ingestion of Zamzam water on the liver and kidney functions of rats. Adult female Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were divided into two groups, with 15 rats in each. The control group was supplied daily by bottled water and the Zamzam water group was supplied daily by 500 ml of Zamzam water for five weeks. The rats were weighed weekly and, at the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected from all rats for the biochemical determination of serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, creatinine, albumin, and uric acid, using calorimetric methods. Liver and kidney tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered-formalin solution and further embedded in wax blocks for routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and were examined for histopathological changes using a light microscope. The results of the current study showed that there was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the weight of the Zamzam group when compared to the control group after five weeks of ingestion. Liver and kidney function tests did not show any significant difference when compared with the controls (P > 0.05). In addition, histological examination of the liver and kidney tissues did not show any toxicological changes. In conclusion, the results showed that the ingestion of Zamzam water did not alter serum levels of kidney function tests and liver enzymes; and did not result in a noticeable change in the liver and kidney histology. Thus, the high concentrations of elements in Zamzam water do not induce hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity and the water is considered safe for long-term consu

关键词： biosensor   biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5)   poly(vinyl alcohol)   N-vinylpyrrolidone   association of microorganism   immobilization in layer-by-layer films  

摘要： A new approach has been developed for the formation of the biosensor recognition elements via the immobilization of microorganisms in layer-by-layer films in order to determine the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Bioreceptor elements of BOD-biosensors have been fabricated based on the bacterial microorganisms Paracoccus yeei, Pseudomonas veronii, and Bacillus proteolyticus isolated from activated sludge. The recognition element was formed with via layer-by-layer deposition; each layer contained cells of one species. A similar multilayered recognition element based on yeast cells of Ogataea angusta, Blastobotrys adeninivorans, and Debaryomyces hansenii was created. In both cases, the cells were immobilized in a hydrogel of polyvinyl alcohol modified with N-vinylpyrrolidone. It was found that layer-by-layer immobilization increases the sensitivity of both the yeast- and bacterial cell-based biosensors. It was surmised that this is due to the lack of competition for substrate within the layer and its greater ability to each of the cell layers. The effects of the composition of the assayed samples (pH, ionic strength, heavy metal compounds) on the oxidative activity of the developed recognition elements have been studied. The analytical and metrological characteristics of the biosensors have been defined. The lower limit of the estimated BOD5 values was 0.5 mg O-2/dm(3) and 0.7 mg O-2/dm(3) for bacterial- and yeast cell-based biosensors, respectively. BOD5 was detected in water samples with the fabricated recognition elements. It was shown that the use of these two bioreceptors makes it possible to obtain data that strongly agree with those obtained with traditional method and that biosensing analyzers can act as prototype pilot model of the devices

关键词： Antioxidant enzymes   Autumn daffodil   Dormancy   Eradication   Heat map   Photoperiod   SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE ACTIVITY   STRESS-INDUCED CHANGES   ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES   DORMANCY BREAKING   SOLUBLE SUGARS   GROWTH   DAYLENGTH   PROLINE   RELEASE  

摘要： Understanding bulb dormancy while examining temperature-related requirements and photoperiod are essential for successful commercialization and the greenhouse forcing of autumn daffodil (Sternbergia lutea). In this study, autumn daffodil bulbs were stored at 5, 15 and 25 degrees C for one month. Then, one group of bulbs were evaluated in terms of biochemical characteristics in three parts of each bulb (scale, central bud and basal plate). A second group of bulbs were planted in a greenhouse for a separate experiment to study the effects of different photoperiods (short, moderate and long) on morphological traits. The heat map of treatments in the first experiment revealed that the bulb storage temperatures of 15 degrees C and 25 degrees C had somewhat similar effects on all three parts of the bulb but, conversely, 5 degrees C had discrete effects. The 5 degrees C resulted in higher contents of proline in the scale, along with more H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the basal plate. The highest activity of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were observed at 15 degrees C in the basal plate and at 5 degrees C in the central bud, respectively. In the second experiment, the time required for bulb sprouting and time to flowering were as follows: 5 degrees C>25 degrees C>15 degrees C. The heat map analysis indicated that temperature played a more substantial role than what photoperiod did in shaping the morphological traits. The interaction between 15 degrees C and the moderate photoperiod led to the highest value of most vegetative traits and of flowering percentage (70%). Therefore, this treatment can be considered as optimum for breaking relative bulb dormancy and to succeed better in growth and flowering.

关键词： Amphora   Broiler   Dietary supplement   Growth factor   Spirulina   SPIRULINA-PLATENSIS   HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS   GROWTH-PERFORMANCE   ANTIOXIDANT   MICROALGAE  

摘要： Spirulina platensis(Sp) orAmphora coffeaeformis(Am) are good candidates as an in-feed antibiotic substitute for broilers. This work was performed to investigate the effects ofSpandAmon the growth performance, intestinal microbial population, physiological responses, and blood biochemical constituents in broiler chickens. Fifty-one-day old Cobb broilers (with initial body weights 50-55 g) were allocated to five groups. Each treatment group had five replicate pens with two birds each. The experiments lasted for 35 days. The 1st group had basal diet (control group). The 2nd and 3rd groups received basal diet, along with 5- or 10-g/kgSpas a feed ingredient, respectively. While the 4th and 5th groups received basal diet, along with 5- or 10-g/kgAmas a feed ingredient, respectively. Data analysis revealed significantly higher body weight gains (P <= 0.05) with higherSporAmlevels and, in turn, linear improvements (P <= 0.05) in feed conversion values. In addition, intestinalLactobacillussp. was increased, andEscherichia colipopulations were decreased by both dietarySplevels orAmlevels. Furthermore, the liver (% body weight) was significantly decreased (P <= 0.05) and the heart (% body weight) was significantly increased (P <= 0.05) with higherSporAmlevels in comparison with untreated control. In conclusion, dietary inclusion with 10 g/kg ofSpandAmcould improve the growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and intestinal microbial population in broiler chickens.

关键词： Heat treatment   Pasta filata type cheese   Ripening   Starter culture   KASHAR CHEESE   HERBY CHEESE   PROTEOLYSIS   LIPOLYSIS   CASEIN   RENNET  

摘要： In this study, three different types of starter cultures (S1, S2, and S3) were applied either before (A1) or after (A2) scalding stage in Tel Cheese production and their chemical, biochemical, electrophoretic, and sensory properties were investigated during ripening. In general, there was no significant difference between the dry matter, fat, protein and salt values of the cheese samples (P > 0.05). However, there were significant differences between the pH and titration acidity values of the samples (P < 0.05). Especially the titration acidity values of cheeses in the A2 application increased significantly until maturity. The WSN (water-soluble nitrogen), TCA-SN (trichloroacetic acid-soluble nitrogen) and PTA-SN (phosphotungstic acid-soluble nitrogen) values were significantly affected by ripening period and increased continuously (P < 0.05). These values for A2S2 and A2S3 cheeses increased more than the others suggesting better ripening characteristics. Electrophoretograms indicated that alpha(s1)-and beta-casein degradation rates were the highest in A2S2 cheese. Finally, sensory scores of A1 cheeses were found to be higher than those of the A2 cheeses.

摘要： The authors regret that the printed version of the above article contained the following errors. The correct and final version follows. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. Fig. 2 [Figure presented] © 2020 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Aluminum   Pomegranate juice   Learning   Memory retention   Dopamine   Serotonin   Oxidative stress   DOUBLE-EDGED SWORDS   OXIDATIVE STRESS   ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE   STATUS EPILEPTICUS   MEMORY IMPAIRMENT   PROTECTIVE ROLE   NERVOUS-SYSTEM   BRAIN   RATS   EXPOSURE  

摘要： Purpose: Aluminum (Al) is a harmful metal to organisms and is capable of entering the human body in multiple ways, such as through drinking, breathing, deodorant use, and vaccination. This study examined the prospective toxicity of Al and the protective attributes of pomegranate juice (PJ) on neurobehavioral and biochemical parameters of male mice. Methods: Six groups of male mice were treated for 35 days with 20 % PJ (group II), 40 % PJ (group III), 400 mg/ kg Al (group IV), Al + 20 % PJ (group V), Al + 40 % PJ (group VI) or tap water (control, group I). Behavioral assessments were conducted for learning and memory evaluations at the end of experiment. In addition, the forebrain was isolated for biochemical analysis. Results: The exposure of male mice to Al decreased learning and memory retention in the shuttle box, Morris water-maze and T-Maze tests. Biochemical analysis revealed significant depletions in neurotransmitters including DA, 5-HT and AChE and oxidative proteins including GSH, GST, CAT and SOD and increased TBARES levels in Al-treated mice compared to untreated mice. Pomegranate juice provided protection against these effects after Al exposure by ameliorating learning and memory retention and oxidative state in a dose-independent manner. Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that Al exposure caused behavioral and biochemical disorders. Pomegranate juice in lower dose has beneficial properties for health and can be used as a source of antioxidants to reduce the toxicity of Al and other substances.

关键词： Ga-68-PSMA PET   CT   Negative PSMA   Biochemical recurrence   Prostate cancer   EARLY SALVAGE RADIOTHERAPY   RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY   RADIATION TREATMENT   NATURAL-HISTORY   MEN   OUTCOMES   ANTIGEN  

摘要： Purpose To evaluate the clinical value of(68)Ga-PSMA PET/CT negativity in patients with biochemical recurrent prostate cancer (BCR). Methods One hundred three BCR patients (median age, 70 years; median PSA, 0.47 ng/mL) with negative(68)Ga-PSMA PET/CT, followed up for at least 1 year, were retrospectively identified in a database of 1003 consecutive patients undergoing(68)Ga-PSMA PET/CT for BCR. Clinical recurrence (CR) was determined or excluded on follow-up imaging selected as per clinical practice. Clinical recurrence-free survival (CRFS) was computed from the date of negative(68)Ga-PSMA PET/CT to the date of evident disease; frequencies of CRFS were described as per ISUP patient subset (subset 1: ISUP grades 1 and 2; subset 2: ISUP grade 3; subset 3: ISUP grades 4 and 5) and other conventional variables. Results In 57 patients out of 103 (55.3%), CR was detected in the prostatic fossa (45.6%), nodes (38.6%), and bone (15.8%). The median CRFS was 15.4 months (range, 12.1-20.5), with a CRFS at 12 months in 61.4% of cases (range, 50.9-70.4) whereas the 24-month CRFS was 34.8% (range, 24-45.8). ISUP subset 1 benefited from significantly longer CRFS compared to subset 2 and subset 3 (median CRFS, 20.5 months, 12.6 months, and 12.1 months, respectively). ISUP subset 3 had significantly poorer 24-month CRFS (9.3%) compared to subset 1 (47.8%) and subset 2 (33.5%). At the univariate and multivariate analyses, the ISUP subset was the only significant risk factor for clinical relapse; ISUP subset 3 and subset 2 patients held a higher risk of CR compared to subset 1 patients (HR of 2.75 [1.35-5.57] for subset 3 versus subset 1; HR of 2.08 [1.11-3.88] for subset 2 versus subset 1). Conclusion Ga-68-PSMA PET/CT negativity in early BCR patients (PSA < 0.5 ng/mL) with low-grade primary prostate cancer (ISUP1 and 2) may support the exploration of a clinical surveillance approach in future prospective studies.