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关键词： 生物物理学   学术期刊   系统生物学   神经科学   细胞生物学   栏目设置   学科范围   基因组学  

摘要： (2020年12月修订)1征稿范围与栏目设置1.1征稿范围本刊为国内外公开发行的全国性学术期刊,月刊,每月20日发行.征稿的学科范围是生物化学、分子生物学、生物物理学、细胞生物学、神经科学、免疫学,以及基因组学、蛋白质组学、系统生物学等相关学科领域.

摘要： 俗话说"民以食为天",食品安全问题一直是国家和社会关注的重点.为此,我国专门出台了《食品安全法),旨在全方位、多角度地维护社会的食品安全秩序稳定、促进食品经济市场的健康有序发展,保障我国的食品安全,提高国民身心健康.由张涛编著、厦门大学出版社于2006年6月出版的《食品安全法律规制研究》一书,不仅是一本值得广大法学生学习的优秀教材,也可供食品相关产业的法律从业者阅读学习.

关键词： 食品微生物学   实验教学   虚拟仿真  

摘要： 食品微生物学实验是培养学生动手操作能力培训的一门非常重要的专业基础课,但是传统的食品微生物实验存在实验教学内容及教学手段单一、课时利用率不高等局限。文章分析传统食品微生物实验教学的局限,探讨现代虚拟仿真技术在食品微生物学实验教学中的意义及不足,为食品微生物学的虚拟实验仿真技术的开发提供参考。

关键词： Raman spectroscopy   Red blood cells   Ageing   Principal components analysis   RED-BLOOD-CELLS   WHOLE-BLOOD   SPECTROSCOPY   HEMOGLOBIN   OXYGENATION   MICROSCOPY   EXCITATION   YOUNG   TOOL  

摘要： Ageing of red blood cells (RBC) is a physiological process, fundamental to ensure a proper blood homeostasis that, in vivo, balances the production of new cells and the removal of senescent erythrocytes. A detailed characterization at the cellular level of the progression of the ageing phenomenon can reveal biological, biophysical and biochemical fingerprints for diseases related to misbalances of the cell turnover and for blood pathologies. We applied Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to mean Raman spectra of single cells at different ageing times to rapidly highlight subtle spectral differences associated with conformational and biochemical modifications. Our results demonstrate a two-step ageing process characterized by a first phase in which proteins plays a relevant role, followed by a further cellular evolution driven by alterations in the membrane lipid contribution. Moreover, we used the same approach to directly analyse relevant spectral effects associated to reduction in Haemoglobin oxygenation level and membrane fluidity induced by the ageing. The method is robust and effective, allowing to classify easily the studied cells based on their age and morphology, and consequently to evaluate the biological quality of a blood sample.

关键词： 传统制造业   我国经济发展   食品机械   计算机技术   数学建模   机械设备制造行业   路径研究   机械设备制造业  

摘要： 食品机械设备制造行业是传统的基础制造业,而我国食品机械设备制造业发展迅猛,食品机械设备产量常年高居世界前列,是名副其实的食品机械制造业大国。换言之,食品机械设备制造行业在助推我国经济发展方面起到了重要的作用。且随着时代的进步,计算机技术得到了飞速的发展,从而推动着传统制造业的改革。

关键词： Cataract   Dystrophin   Connexins   Myosin   Utrophin   Extracellular matrix   GLYCOPROTEIN COMPLEX   DYSTROGLYCAN   CATARACT   EXPRESSION   UTROPHIN   PROTEINS   MUSCLE   AQUAPORIN-4   MUTATIONS   PRODUCT  

摘要： The molecular and cellular basis for cataract development in mice lacking dystrophin, a scaffolding protein that links the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix, is poorly understood. In this study, we characterized lenses derived from the dystrophin-deficient mdx(3cv) mouse model. Expression of Dp71, a predominant isoform of dystrophin in the lens, was induced during lens fiber cell differentiation. Dp71 was found to co-distribute with dystroglycan, connexin-50 and 46, aquaporin-0, and NrCAM as a large cluster at the center of long arms of the hexagonal fibers. Although mdx(3cv) mouse lenses exhibited dramatically reduced levels of Dp71, only older lenses revealed punctate nuclear opacities compared to littermate wild type (WT) lenses. The levels of dystroglycan, syntrophin, and dystrobrevin which comprise the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC), and NrCAM, connexin-50, and aquaporin-0, were significantly lower in the lens membrane fraction of adult mdx(3cv) mice compared to WT mice. Additionally, decreases were observed in myosin light chain phosphorylation and lens stiffness together with a significant elevation in the levels of utrophin, a functional homolog of dystrophin in mdx(3cv )mouse lenses compared to WT lenses. The levels of perlecan and laminin (ligands of a-dystroglycan) remained normal in dystrophin-deficient lens fibers. Taken together, although mdx(3cv) mouse lenses exhibit only minor defects in lens clarity possibly due to a compensatory increase in utrophin, the noted disruptions of DAPC, stability, and organization of membrane integral proteins of fibers, and stiffness of mdx(3cv) lenses reveal the importance of dystrophin and DAPC in maintaining lens clarity and function.

关键词： 食品分析   课程建设   教学改革  

摘要： 为适应新时期教学环境的新变化,进一步满足食品相关行业对高素质食品分析检测人才需求,改进“食品分析”教学方法,从教学内容选取、信息技术手段教学、班级学生员额、“食品分析”理论课程与实验课程的协同性等4个方面分别讨论了提升教学效果的具体措施,以及利用这些措施进行相互衔接的教学改革与实践。

关键词： 苯丙氨酸   芳香氨基酸   生物化学   必需氨基酸  

摘要： 从磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸和4-磷酸赤藓糖为始探讨了3种芳香族氨基酸合成代谢共享的分支酸合成途径,并以苯丙氨酸为例从多学科角度讨论分析其合成代谢的独特性。通过多学科角度展示了生物体内不同代谢路径之间的关联及相似性,旨在展示一种教学新模式,帮助学生建立起跨学科内容的学习及归纳方法。

关键词： 生物化学   科研成果   融入   本科生   实验教学  

摘要： 生物化学研究成果日新月异,许多高校的实验教学内容却还停留在较低水平,这种与发展水平脱节的现状严重制约创新人才的培养。基于实际工作中的探索,提出了科研创新成果融入本科实验教学的必要性,分析了影响科研成果向实验教学内容转化的限制因素,并从构建和完善实验教学平台,加强政策导向,调动教师编写教材的积极性,以及具体实施这种转化过程等方面开展了研究并提出了建议。

关键词： Plastic pollution   Aquatic macroinvertebrates   Sublethal effects   Oxidative stress   Microplastics ingestion   POLYSTYRENE MICROPLASTICS   DAPHNIA-MAGNA   TOXICITY   SEDIMENT   WATER   BIOACCUMULATION   GLUTATHIONE   ORGANISMS   INGESTION   GROWTH  

摘要： Freshwater sediments are a repository of microplastics (MPs) resulting from inland anthropogenic activities. Benthic invertebrates, particularly endobenthic sediment-ingesting species such as the annelid Lumbriculus variegatus (blackworm), are commonly found in contaminated sediments where they likely find and ingest MPs. In the present study, L. variegatus was exposed to concentrations between 0.51 and 20 g kg(-1) dry sediment of four size-classes of irregularly-shaped polyethylene MPs (PE-MPs; size-class A: 32-63, B: 63-125, C: 125-250 and D: 250-500 mu m) for 48 h to assess their sub-cellular responses to particles ingested, and for 28 days to determine chronic effects on worm's reproduction and biomass. After the short-term exposure (48 h), number of PE-MPs in blackworms' gut were related to MPs concentration in the sediment. In general, PE-MPs ingestion by blackworms induced depletion of their energy reserves (e.g., sugars in all size classes and lipids in the size-classes of PE-MPs > 125 mu m), concomitant with the activation of antioxidant and detoxification mechanisms (increased level of total glutathione in all size-classes, and increased glutathione-S-transferase activity in PE-MPs > 250 mu m), preventing lipid peroxidation. In addition, it was observed a reduction of aerobic energy production (decreased activity of the electron transport system) and a slight increase in neurotransmission (cholinesterase activity). After a long-term exposure (28 d), the presence and ingestion of PE-MPs did not affect reproduction and biomass of L. variegatus. The activation and efficiency of the antioxidant and detoxification mechanisms allied with the anatomy and physiology of L. variegatus, its feeding strategy and potentially dynamic ingestion/egestion capacity seem to be key features preventing MP deleterious effects under shortand chronic-exposures. Considering the MPs levels reported for freshwater sediments, and despite evidence of MPs ingestion and some sub-organis