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关键词： WAG/Rij   Leptin   Ghrelin   NPY   IL-1 beta   Oxidant/antioxidant   VAGUS NERVE-STIMULATION   NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA   OXIDATIVE STRESS   CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID   NONCONVULSIVE EPILEPSY   NITRIC-OXIDE   FOOD-INTAKE   SEIZURES   INTERLEUKIN-6   SERUM  

摘要： This study aimed to evaluate the effects of leptin, ghrelin and neuropeptide-Y on the development of non-convulsive seizure activity and their role on combating oxidative stress and cytokines produced by the systemic immune response in the WAG/Rij rat model for genetic absence epilepsy. Current study showed that all three peptides aggravated spike wave discharges activity and affected the oxidative stress in WAG/Rij rats without any significant changes in the levels of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha except leptin that only induced an increment in the concentration of IL-1 beta. Our results support the modulatory role of these endogenous peptides on absence epilepsy.

关键词： Fixed-bed coal gasification wastewater   Biochemical treatment technology   3E comprehensive analysis   3E triangle model   Weight dimension  

摘要： Assessing the comprehensive performance of coal chemical wastewater process is an intricate and important task due to different biochemical treatment technologies. In this work, a 3E triangle model is developed to evaluate biochemical and advanced treatment technologies for zero liquid discharge of fix-bed coal gasification wastewater treatment process. In 3E triangle model, 19 key performance indicators are considered. In engineering performance aspect, up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor case shows the best performance. In the life cycle environmental impact aspect, sequence batch reactor case shows the best performance through life cycle assessment, especially freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity potential and global warming potential. Generally, due to the higher fixed cost and power consumption of other technologies, the depreciation and variable cost of up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor case are lower. Overall, the up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor case shows excellent performance in 3E comprehensive performance. In addition, membrane bioreactor has better development prospects and its weight has a greatest impact which COD removal accounts for the majority.

关键词： amino acids   evolution   fluorine   proline   proteins   CIS-TRANS ISOMERIZATION   TRANSFER-RNA SYNTHETASE   PROLYL PEPTIDE-BOND   AMINO-ACIDS   ESCHERICHIA-COLI   PROLINE RESIDUES   IN-VIVO   EF-P   BIOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES   SUBSTITUTED PROLINES  

摘要： Due to the heterocyclic structure and distinct conformational profile, proline is unique in the repertoire of the 20 amino acids coded into proteins. Here, we summarize the biochemical work on the replacement of proline with (4R)- and (4S)-fluoroproline as well as 4,4-difluoroproline in proteins done mainly in the last two decades. We first recapitulate the complex position and biochemical fate of proline in the biochemistry of a cell, discuss the physicochemical properties of fluoroprolines, and overview the attempts to use these amino acids as proline replacements in studies of protein production and folding. Fluorinated proline replacements are able to elevate the protein expression speed and yields and improve the thermodynamic and kinetic folding profiles of individual proteins. In this context, fluoroprolines can be viewed as useful tools in the biotechnological toolbox. As a prospect, we envision that proteome-wide proline-to-fluoroproline substitutions could be possible. We suggest a hypothetical scenario for the use of laboratory evolutionary methods with fluoroprolines as a suitable vehicle to introduce fluorine into living cells. This approach may enable creation of synthetic cells endowed with artificial biodiversity, containing fluorine as a bioelement.

关键词： Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons   Transcriptomic   PAH metabolites   Bioremediation   Halotolerant yeasts   Benzo[a]pyrene   Phenanthrene   Rhodotorula mucilaginosa  

摘要： Polyaromatic phenanthrene (Phe) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are highly toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic contaminants widely dispersed in nature, including saline environments. Polyextremotolerant Rhodotorula mucilaginosa EXF-1630, isolated from Arctic sea ice, was grown on a huge concentration range -10 to 500 ppm- of Phe and BaP as sole carbon sources at hypersaline conditions (1 M NaCl). Selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) supported growth as well as glucose, even at high PAH concentrations. Initially, up to 40% of Phe and BaP were adsorbed, followed by biodegradation, resulting in 80% removal in 10 days. While extracellular laccase, peroxidase, and un-specific peroxygenase activities were not detected, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity peaked at 4 days. The successful removal of PAHs and the absence of toxic metabolites were confirmed by toxicological tests on moss Physcomitrium patens, bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri, human erythrocytes, and pulmonary epithelial cells (A549). Metabolic profiles were determined at the midpoint of the biodegradation exponential phase, with added Phe and BaP (100 ppm) and 1 M NaCl. Different hydroxylated products were found in the culture medium, while the conjugative metabolite 1-phenanthryl-beta-D glucopyranose was detected in the medium and in the cells. Transcriptome analysis resulted in 870 upregulated and 2,288 downregulated transcripts on PAHs, in comparison to glucose. Genomic mining of 61 available yeast genomes showed a widespread distribution of 31 xenobiotic degradation pathways in different yeast lineages. Two distributions with similar metabolic capacities included black yeasts and mainly members of the Sporidiobolaceae family (including EXF-1630), respectively. This is the first work describing a metabolic profile and transcriptomic analysis of PAH degradation by yeast. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nostoc sp.   Exopolysaccharide   Hydrogel   Wound healing   UNICELLULAR CYANOBACTERIA SYNECHOCOCCUS   BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE   STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION   EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDES   EXOCELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDES   CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION   RELEASED POLYSACCHARIDE   ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY   HYDROGELS   DESICCATION  

摘要： Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by cyanobacteria are complex biomolecules of anionic nature with potential biomedical applications. In this study, the EPS produced by the Nostoc sp. strains PCC7936 and PCC7413 were characterized and evaluated as a biomaterial for new wound dressings. The addition of acetate ions to the culture medium slightly stimulated EPS production, achieving 1463.1 +/- 16.0 mgL(-1) (PCC7413) and 1372.1 +/- 29.0 mgL(-1) (PCC7936). Both EPS presented nine monosaccharide residues and a MW > 1000 kDa. The acetate addition changed the monosaccharide molar percentages. FTIR and DLS results confirmed the anionic nature and the presence of sulfate groups in both EPS, which are determinant features for biomedical applications. Both EPS at 1%(w/v) formed gels in the presence of 0.4%(w/v) FeCl3. Results obtained for MTT assay and wound healing in vitro scratch assay revealed hydrogels biocompatibility and ability to promote fibroblast migration and proliferation that was greater in PCC7936. The Nostoc EPS hydrogels presented promising properties to be applied in the treatment of skin injuries.

关键词： Ambient light sensor   Multi-wavelengths   Point-of-care testing   Smartphone   Portable   POINT   PROTEIN   ENZYME  

摘要： A novel portable and cost-effective multi-wavelength smartphone colorimetric reader (MW-SCR) was designed for the quantitation of liquid colorimetric assays. Six light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with different wavelengths were assembled in a roulette fashion to form the light detection source. An ambient light sensor of smartphone was applied as the detector. Using this MW-SCR, we detected six common serum analytes, including alkaline phosphatase(ALP), potassium(K+), chloride(Cl-), alanine aminotransaminase(ALT), glycated serum protein (GSP), and albumin, to evaluate the feasibility and reliability of the MW-SCR. Strong linear regression (R-2>0.99) analysis with a wide linear range and good limits of detection were found for this device, detection limits as low as 0.37 U/L, 0.0083 mmol/L, 0.78 mmol/L, 4.49 KarU, 0.023 mmol/L and 2.23 g/L for ALP, K+,Cl-, ALT, GSP and albumin, respectively, were achieved. It also had high repeatability that ranged from 0.20 to 0.61 % relative standard deviations (RSD), and the precision ranged of MW-SCR were from 0.26 to 1.17 % RSDs. Results demonstrated that our device showed remarkable stability, accuracy, and repeatability, presenting excellent consistency with a professional microplate reader. It can be redesigned for multiple indications, such as clinical biochemical analyses, food safety testing, environmental monitoring and so on, because it is open source, user friendly and easy manufacturing.

关键词： Fatty acids   Lipid metabolism   Novel lipid sources   HIGHLY UNSATURATED FATTY   DIETARY FISH-OIL   LONG-CHAIN PUFA   GROWTH-PERFORMANCE   ATLANTIC SALMON   ACID-COMPOSITION   RAINBOW-TROUT   COMBINED REPLACEMENT   TISSUE COMPOSITION   BODY-COMPOSITION  

摘要： The present work investigated how the combination of poultry oil with microalgae oils, rich in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (ED diets) or n-6 docosapentaenoic acid and n-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DD diets) modulates hepatic lipid metabolism in gilthead sea bream juveniles. Diets were tested using two different fishmeal contents (15% and 7.5%) and compared against a fish oil-based diet (CTRL) and two negative control diets based on poultry oil as lipid source (PO diets). After 74 days of feeding, sea bream fed 15% FM ED or DD diets showed similar daily growth index to those fed CTRL, while those fed PO diets caused reduced growth. Fish livers reflected the highest contents in n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids when fed CTRL, ED or DD diets, which down-regulated fas, scd-1a, fads2, lpl and cpt1, reducing hepatic lipid accumulation and hepatocytes size. In contrast, fish fed PO diets showed the lowest deposition of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and the highest oleic acid in liver, leading with the highest hepatosomatic index due to increased liver lipids. Therefore, these fish revealed a severe hepatic steatosis associated with an increased expression of lipogenesis-related genes, particularly fas, lpl and sbrep1. Furthermore, PO diets seemed to activate desaturation pathways in fish livers, reflected by the highest accumulation of fatty acids that are products from desaturases and the highest fads2 and scd-1a expressions. The reduction of the dietary fishmeal content to 7.5% lowered fish growth, although hepatic lipid metabolism seemed to be more affected by FO replacement than FM replacement. Combining microalgae with poultry oil could be an alternative lipid and essential fatty acid source to fish oil in marine fish diets.