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关键词： 课程思政   生物化学   课堂教学  

摘要： 生物化学作为生命科学、食品和农学等相关专业的基础理论课程,对人才专业知识培养至关重要。为了实现全课程育人的目标,本文以生物化学课程为例,对生物化学课程思政的必要性、思政元素、教学方法及教学效果评价进行探讨,在提升学生专业知识的同时提高了思想政治素养,培养学生正确的价值观。

关键词： 食品安全事故   生物性污染   食品安全性   技术伦理   现代社会环境   伦理问题   食品安全研究   伦理思想  

摘要： 科技改变了社会、改变了人类的生活,现代社会环境下科学技术的快速发展显著提高了人类的生活质量。与此同时,人们还需要清晰意识到科技是"双刃剑",在造福人类的同时也带来了一系列由于不正确使用技术导致的技术伦理问题。其中,频繁在我国出现的食品安全事故就是不恰当地使用技术的伦理问题,这就《食品安全学》是针对食品安全作深入研究的著作,全书分为十个章节,分别为食品安全基础理论、食品安全发展现状、食品安全的生物性污染、加工食品安全性、食物中毒与预防等。全书详细地阐述了食品从农田到消费者餐桌上可能出现的食品安全问题,并提出了相应的预防措施。

关键词： 生物化学检验   肾上腺素   利福平   影响  

摘要： 目的探讨不同浓度利福平及肾上腺素对常用临床生物化学检验的影响。方法选取2018年5月1日至2020年5月1日在该院自愿参加观察患者共126例,服用利福平与肾上腺素各63例,以不损害患者身体健康为前提进行用药,记录服药浓度,评价常用生物化学检验结果。结果不同利福平浓度可对血肌酐、总胆红素、直接胆红素造成负向干扰,而对黄素单核苷酸造成正向干扰;不同肾上腺素浓度可对血肌酐、高密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯、总胆固醇造成负向干扰,而对黄素单核苷酸造成正向干扰。结论在临床生物化学检验中,不同浓度利福平及肾上腺素可对检验结果造成影响,需综合考虑检验过程中所遇到的各项问题,尽可能减少误差,确保检验结果的准确性。

关键词： 食品分析   检测过程   现代仪器   检测技术  

摘要： 我国社会发展进程的不断推进和国民经济水平的提升,带动了国民生活水平的进步,越来越多的人开始关注食品安全问题,食品中可能存在的毒素、农药、添加剂等有害物质都会对食用者的身体健康产生影响,因此在加大食品安全方面监督的同时,还应当提升食品安全检测技术设备的运用。本文在研究中分析了食品安全检测的特点,从不同技术角度介绍了现代仪器的使用策略,以期促进食品安全检测工作的发展,保障国民食品的安全和健康。

关键词： Gadoteric acid   Gadobutrol   Behavior and memory functions   MRI-ROI   HVA   ChAT  

摘要： Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) exert effects in different regions of the brain;however, studies on this topic are mostly focused on radiological outcomes of GBCA exposure. This paper is a preliminary attempt to identify whether there are changes in behavioral, cognitive, histopathological, radiological and biochemical characteristics with repeated exposure to gadobutrol and gadoteric acid. The effects of GBCAs were tested with the assessment of 4 groups -each comprised of 6 rats [controls, gadobutrol, gadoteric acid (Doteram), and gadoteric acid (Clariscan)]. Respective treatments of 0.1 ml/kg were administered for 3 weeks, followed by a recovery period of 1 week without any treatment. At the end of this regimen, behavioral tests (open field and passive learning test) were performed. Additionally, histopathological analysis of the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions (GFAP measurement and total neuron count), biochemical measurements [TNF-a, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), homovalinic acid (HVA) and choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) levels], and radiological findings (MRI-region of interest) were carried out in each group. There was a significant impairment in all groups that had received gadolinium in open field and passive avoidance learning tests. Oxidative stress and inflammation markers were significantly elevated in all gadolinium groups. Additionally, increased hippocampal gliosis and decreased MRI-ROIs were observed in rats exposed to gadolinium. Chronic gadoteric acid and gadobutrol exposure causes hippocampal gliosis and elevates oxidative stress and inflammation in rats. Radiological outcomes are also consistent with these findings. Long-term studies might be required to conclude whether gadolinium deposition in the brain causes subtle neurological deficits.

关键词： Flavonoids   Gene expression   Oryza sativaL   Pigmented rice  

摘要： Ever since the flavonoids and other antioxidants in rice were demonstrated with immense health benefits, much interest has been diverted to study the native indigenous rice landraces. In the present investigation, three pigmented rare Indian rice landraces and two non-pigmented rice varieties were analyzed for their phytoconstituents like total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin content and antioxidant potential using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The phytochemical profile was compared between seed, seedling, stem, leaf and root tissues of the different varieties. Pigmented rice cultivars demonstrated higher levels of bioactive compounds as compared to the non-pigmented cultivars exhibiting a strong correlation between the antioxidant activity of the grain and their phenolic and flavonoid content. Among the five different rice studied, black navara was found to be superior in terms of its phytochemical composition. Further, the expression levels of flavonoid genes among pigmented and non-pigmented rice was studied. Higher gene expression profiles were observed in the 8 flavonoid genes studied in pigmented rice varieties as compared to non-pigmented varieties. The colorlessness of non-pigmented rice and its lower levels of phytoconstituents correlated with the low transcript levels of flavonoid genes recorded in them. This study provides a basis for understanding the health-promoting properties of pigmented rice over non-pigmented rice at the biochemical and molecular levels.

关键词： Mefentrifluconazole   Botrytis cinerea   Sensitivity   Biochemical   Control efficacy  

摘要： Mefentrifluconazole is the first product of a new sub-class of triazoles fungicides, i.e., the isopropanol triazoles, with the broad spectrum and high activity. In this study, the potential and biochemical activities of mefentrifluconazole against Botrytis cinerea were investigated. The frequency distribution of all EC50 values of mefentrifluconazole against mycelial growth and germ tube elongation of 106 isolates formed unimodal curve, with the mean EC50 values of 0.124 ? 0.025 and 0.015 ? 0.008 ?g/mL, respectively. The effect of mefentrifluconazole against gray mold was determined on detached leaves of cucumber in vivo, the treatment of mefentrifluconazole at 200 ?g/mL provided 100% preventative efficacy and 72.7% curative efficacy. No evident correlation was detected between the sensitivity of B. cinerea to mefentrifluconazole and that to tebuconazole, difenoconazole, myclobutanil, hexaconazole, triadimefon, flusilazole and pyrisoxazole (P > 0.05). Mefentrifluconazole treatment resulted in the increase of mycelium branch, the decrease of ergosterol content and the changes of the permeability of cell membrane. These studies evaluated the potential of mefentrifluconazole to control gray mold and helped us to understand the possible biochemical activity of mefentrifluconazole against ***.

关键词： Three-finger toxins   Neurotoxicity   Eurytoxin   Recombinant neurotoxin   Phospholipase A(2)  

摘要： The elapid genus, Micruroides, is considered the sister clade of all New World coral snakes (Genus Micrurus), is monotypic, and is represented by Sonoran Coral Snakes, Micruroides euryxanthus. Coral snakes of the genus Micrurus have been reported to have venoms that are predominantly composed of phospholipases A(2) (PLA(2)) or three finger toxins (3FTx), but the venoms of the genus Micruroides are almost completely unstudied. Here, we present the first description of the venom of M. euryxanthus including identification of some proteins as well as transcriptomic, and biological activity assays. The most abundant components within M. euryxanthus venom are 3FTxs (62.3%) and there was relatively low proportion of PLA(2)s (14.2%). The venom phenotype supports the hypothesis that the common ancestor of Micrurus and Micruroides had a 3FTx-dominated venom. Within the venom, there were two nearly identical alpha-neurotoxins (alpha-Ntx), one of which was designated Eurytoxin, that account for approximately 60% of the venom's lethality to mice. Eurytoxin was cloned, expressed in a soluble and active form, and used to produce rabbit hyperimmune serum. This allowed the analysis of its immunochemical properties, showing them to be different from the recombinant alpha NTx D.H., present in the venoms of some species of Micrurus. Finally, we observed that the commercial antivenom produced in Mexico for coral snake envenomation is unable to neutralize the lethality from M. euryxanthus venom. This work allowed the classification of Micruroides venom into the 3FTx-predominant group and identified the main components responsible for toxicity to mice. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Gas chromatography  

摘要： The current study was aimed to extract and purify the cell walls of cereal industrial by-products, that is, maize, wheat, and barley bran, followed by their nutritional and biochemical properties. For the purpose, three varieties of wheat and barley were procured from Ayub Agriculture Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Cell walls from industrial by-products were isolated and purified followed by the removal of starch and proteins from contaminating endosperm tissue. Moreover, their sugar and polysaccharide contents wall were determined through gas chromatography and alkaline treatment, respectively. Results revealed that cell wall content is more in barley (43.18 +/- 0.58, 42.43 +/- 1.07 and 42.08 +/- 0.13 g/50 g than in wheat (39.30 +/- 1.67, 38.72 +/- 0.45, and 37.45 +/- 0.23 g/50 g) and maize (34.00 +/- 0.08, 34.56 +/- 0.39, and 33.76 +/- 1.21 g/50 g). Moreover, barley industry by-product cell wall has higher total sugars and total phenolic acids contents whereas, wheat industry by-product cell wall showed lower followed by maize cell wall. Conclusively, cell wall of barley industry by-product is more nutritious than that of wheat and maize industry by-product cell walls. Practical applications Cereals are the most abundant commodities widely used in the world as staple foods. Cereal bran cell wall has important bioactive components, which have the ability to combat different life-threatening diseases. Utilization of cell wall in cereal-based products can fulfill many objectives including improving product quality, shelf life, value addition, and maintaining good health of the consumers. Novel products with improved rheology can be introduced in market as functional foods against various diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cancer, and bacterial infections. Cereal bran cell wall can be probed in the baking industry to enhance the shelf life and stability of the baked goods.

关键词： common carp   Lactobacillus probiotic   iron nanoparticles   blood biochemical factors  

摘要： The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of commercial Lactobacillus probiotic and iron nanoparticles on some blood biochemical parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Common carp (mean weight 50 g) was fed in six treatments with 0.25 and 0.50 mg/g iron oxide nanoparticles and 10(8) CFU/g commercial Lactobacillus probiotic either together or separately for 56 days. After the rearing period, blood biochemical parameters including total plasma protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, triglyceride and cholesterol and ALP, ALT, AST and LDH enzymes were measured. Total protein and globulin levels showed a significant increase in probiotic alone and probiotic plus 0.50 mg iron nanoparticles treatments (p <= 0.05). Creatinine, albumin, liver enzymes, serum lipids did not show any significant differences between treatments (p >= 0.05), but the values of these parameters showed no negative effects in different treatments. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that using iron nanoparticles and Lactobacillus probiotic can improve some of the biochemical factors in carp.