课程文献中心 更多>>

关键词： Bryum argenteum   Dehydration   Chlorophyll fluorescence   Reactive oxygen species   Stress-related genes   VEGETATIVE DESICCATION-TOLERANCE   CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE   TORTULA-RURALIS   PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS   PLANT DESICCATION   TENGGER DESERT   SOIL CRUSTS   PHOTOSYNTHESIS   STRESS   PHYLOGENY  

摘要： Dehydration rates significantly impact the amount of damage and rate of recovery of desiccation-tolerant mosses and thus play a role in the ability of these plants to occupy desert ecosystems. The desiccation-tolerant moss Bryum argenteum Hedw. is a component of biological soil crusts in northwestern China and has been extensively studied, but the effects of dehydration rates on its physiological and molecular responses to desiccation and rehydration are still unclear. We evaluated the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of B. argenteum during and upon recovery from rapid dehydration, ambient air dehydration, and slow dehydration rates. Our results demonstrated that (1) photosynthesis decreased significantly in response to all dehydration rates and recovered to the control level following rehydration; however, recovery from slow dehydration was more rapid. Ultrastructural investigations revealed that chloroplasts did not degrade and remained intact during desiccation regardless of the dehydration rates. (2) The activities of antioxidant enzymes increased under all drying regimes. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were the main scavenging enzymes that responded during the dehydration and rehydration processes. The transcripts encoding these enzymes also increased in abundance during desiccation and rehydration. (3) The extent of the increase of the abundance of stress-related transcripts was correlated with the dehydration rates, and all the transcripts displayed decreased abundance throughout rehydration. The majority of the transcripts showed similar accumulation patterns under the rapid and air dehydration treatments; however, slow dehydration resulted in a greater increase in transcript abundance. Our work provides insights into how desiccation and rehydration play roles in the ability of B. argentum to endure harsh environments.

关键词： Koumiss   Hyperlipidemia   1H NMR   LC-MS   Metabolomics   Metabolites  

摘要： Our previous study found that consuming koumiss daily could beneficially reduce the levels of blood lipids, but the exact mechanism is not clear. Thus, this work aimed to investigate the biochemical mechanism of lipid lowering effect using untargeted metabolomics by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The fecal metabolomes of hyperlipidemia patients who consumed koumiss daily were analyzed before and after koumiss treatment. A total of ten significant differential metabolites (ursolic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, alpha-tocotrienol, gamma-tocotrienol, alanine, tyrosine, sphingosine, acetate, and butyrate) were detected, and they all showed significant increased relative concentrations at days 30 and 60. Many of these metabolites were involved in lipid metabolism and transport. These results suggested that the ten identified metabolites were likely associated with the observed lipid-lowering effect. Finally, by using the Search Tool for Interactions of Chemicals (STITCH), metabolic networks connecting these metabolites were constructed to elucidate the biochemical mechanism of the hypolipidemic effect.

关键词： Positron emission tomography/computed tomography   Oncological imaging   Lesion detection   Prostate cancer   Biochemical recurrence  

摘要： Objectives: To compare prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) and computed tomography (CT) alone for the detection of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer (PCa) and effect on treatment. Methods: This retrospective study included 59 patients with recently recorded biochemical recurrence of PCa (mean PSA 1.96 +/- 1.64 ng/mL) after radical prostatectomy. Patients received PET/CT with either Ga-68-PSMA-11 (n = 36) or F-18-PSMA-1007 (n = 23). PET/CT and CT images were evaluated separately in regard to PCa lesion count, type, and localisation by two physicians. Histopathology, follow-up imaging and PSA levels after salvage irradiation served as reference standard. A McNemar test was used to compare detection rates. Changes in therapeutic approaches based on staging differences between CT alone and PET/CT were assessed in a virtual multidisciplinary tumour board. Results: There were 142 lesions in 50 of 59 patients. PSMA PET/CT detected 141 lesions (99.3 %) in 50 patients (84.7 %), while CT detected 72 lesions (50.7 %) in 29 patients (49.2 %). A significantly higher detection rate of PSMA PET/CT was observed on a lesion-based analysis (p < 0.0001) and on a patient based analysis (p < 0.0001). Herein, both Ga-68- and F-18-PSMA PET/CT performed significantly better than CT alone (p < 0.0001, respectively). In 9 patients (15.3 %) no relapse was detectable by either modality. All lesions detected by CT were also detected by PSMA PET/CT. In 38 patients PSMA PET/CT detected more lesions than CT alone, altering the treatment approach in 22 of these patients. Conclusion: PSMA PET/CT is superior to CT alone in detecting biochemical recurrence in PCa patients after radical prostatectomy and offered additional therapeutic options in a substantial number of patients.

关键词： Colletotrichum truncatum   Detached fruit assay   Anthracnose   Pathogenicity index   WALL DEGRADING ENZYMES   GENETIC DIVERSITY   FRUIT ROT   ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE   SUBTROPICAL REGION   RAPD   LEAVES   ISSR   POLYGALACTURONASE   EXPRESSION  

摘要： The present study aims to establish pathogenic variability among Colletotrichum truncatum, an incitant of anthracnose disease across different chilli growing regions of Karnataka. Thirty suspected C. truncatum isolates were identified based on their morphological and conidial characteristics and further confirmed by Internal Transcribed Spacer DNA sequence analysis. Pathogenicity test was carried out by in vitro detached leaf and fruit assay, and also under greenhouse conditions using 20 different chilli cultivars grown across Karnataka. Colletotrichum truncatum isolates recorded the varied degree of pathogenicity index (PI) on different chilli cultivars. Isolate UOM-02 was found highly virulent (PI > 80 against 12 tested cultivars) and cultivar cv. 4 was found highly resistant to C. truncatum infection (Average PI, 48.21). Further, the involvement of enzymes such as cellulase, pectin methylesterase and ascorbate peroxidase in determining the virulence of the pathogen was established. The highest activity of catalase (UOM-24; 7.38 units), ascorbate peroxidase (UOM-02; 2.9 units), cellulase (UOM-02; 0.58 units), and pectin methylesterase (UOM-02; 6.7 units), was recorded by different C. truncatum isolates. Cellulase and pectin methylesterase activities were positively correlated with their pathogenicity, while catalase activity was found least correlated. Results of RAPD and ISSR analysis recorded higher polymorphism among the isolates. Interestingly these isolates were not clustered based on their geographical origin, Pathogenicity index and biochemical characters. From this study, the existence of highly virulent C. truncatum isolate (UOM-02), which can cause severe loss under favourable conditions, was revealed. Further, possible use of specific enzymes as an indicator of virulence of the pathogen is discussed.

关键词： Glutathione S-Transferase   Detoxification   Protein expression   Protein purification   Caspian white fish   Rutilus frisii kutum   MOLECULAR-CLONING   EXPRESSION   COMMON   ROLES   GST  

摘要： Glutathione S-transferases are an important multifunctional family of intracellular enzymes that their detoxification function has been reported in fishes since 1970, but no studies have been conducted on Rutilus frisii kutum GSTs yet. In the present study, RkGSTA and RkGSTM encoding genes were cloned and sequenced and their nucleotide sequences were submitted to NCBI GenBank. In order to reduce the expression challenges of recombinant proteins including low solubility, low yield and insufficient purity issues in E. coli, the pKJE7 chaperone plasmid was used to increase the recovery of expressed proteins in the soluble fractions. Best expression clone was selected for purification by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The three-dimensional structural models were constructed by I-TASSER. The optimum temperature of purified RkGSTA and RkGSTM was 35 and 30 degrees C, with optimum activity at pH 9.0 and 8.5, respectively. The thermostability and pH stability results indicated that RkGSTA is more heat-tolerant than RkGSTM though both of them retained more than 80% of their activities at pH 6.5 to 9.0. Overall, this study represents a comprehensive perspective on the structural and biochemical aspects of this enzyme that would be even used in further researches such as drug design studies in order to eliminate toxicant compounds from the body and environment of fishes to protect them against undesired harmful damages.

关键词： Alfalfa   Thrips damage   Physiological and biochemical   Response strategy  

摘要： To investigate physiological and biochemical changes of thrips-resistant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Gan-nong No. 9), we aimed at clarifying the response mechanisms of alfalfa against thrips. Medicago sativa L. cv. including thrips-resistant Gan-nong No.9 (G9), thrips-susceptible Gan-nong No.3 (G3) and highly thrips-susceptible WL363HQ (363) were infested with different thrips densities (3, 5, 7 and 9-thrips per branch). The quantitative change in specific nutrients, secondary metabolites, defensive and antioxidant enzymes were measured at seedling stage of the three alfalfa cultivars. The results showed that with the increase of thrips densities, the damage indices, SS, Pro, flavonoids, tannin and H2O2 in G9, G3 and 363 were significantly increased, but PPO and SOD significantly reduced, compared with CK. Furthermore, the tannin and lignin contents of G9 were significantly higher compared to 363, but SP content was significantly lower than G3 and H2O2 content which was further significantly less compared to 363. Correlation analysis observed that the damage index of the three alfalfa cultivars showed a significant positive association with SS, Pro, flavone, tannin, and H2O2 (P < 0.01), while damage index and DW, Chl (a, b, a + b), PPO and SOD showed a significant negative correlation (P < 0.01). Based on principal component comprehensive evaluation, the 5-thrips adults per branch were the critical inoculation threshold for G9 against thrips injury because the score was - 0.048. These results revealed that thrips damage significantly increased the contents of SS, Pro, flavonoids, tannins and H2O2, as well as significantly declined the activities of PPO and SOD in the three cultivars (P < 0.05), moreover, thrips-resistant G9 markedly accumulated lignin content, POD and CAT activity, inhibited Chl (a + b, b) and SP biosynthesis to resist thrips damage.

关键词： Snow trout   Hematology   Biochemistry   Genotoxicity   Comet Assay  

摘要： This study was conducted to evaluate the adverse effects of atrazine on hematology, biochemistry and genotoxicity of snow trout (Schizothorax plagiostomus). Almost all treated groups presented considerably (P<0.05) lesser values of hematocrit, hemoglobin, WBC, RBC, MCH, MCHC, monocytes and lymphocytes while significantly higher values of HCT and platelets are observed. A Significant decrease is observed in sodium, calcium, potassium, phosphorous, triglycerides, creatinine, urea, and total protein contents whereas, a significant increase is observed in cholesterol and glucose level. Significant (P<0.05) alter-ations are observed in enzyme activities of all treated groups. DNA damage was observed at the concen-trations (24ppm). Results showed that Comet assay is reliable for evaluating the toxicity and is helpful in environmental monitoring programs. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://***/licenses/by/4.0/).

关键词： Malathion   Naringin   Naringenin   GSH   GSSG   MDA   Fatty acid   Vitamins   Flavonoids   Saccharomyces cerevisiae  

摘要： Flavonoids are rich in seeds, citrus fruits, olive oil, tea and red wine. Citrus flavonoids constitute an important type of flavonoids. Naringin and naringenin belong to flavonoids with known antioxidant and were found to display antioxidant activities. Malathion is an organophosphorus pesticide that has been broadly used throughout the world to control weeds and pests. It has also been used in public health for mosquito control and fruit fly eradication programs. Malathion, naringin, and naringenin were added to be in 40, 80, and 160 mg doses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures mainly used to determine the antioxidant capacity, it is known that they have shown similar results to man. At the end of the experiment, total protein, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), vitamin K, vitamin E, vitamin D, ergosterol, stigmasterol, beta-Sitosterol, and fatty acids were analyzed by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) and GC (gas chromatography) devices in the tested S. cerevisiae samples. The contents of the yeast cell of octanoic acid (C8:0), lauric acid (C12:0), myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1n-7), heptadecanoic acid (C17:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n-9), and linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) were identified. There were statistically significant changes in total protein, MDA, GSH, GSSG, vitamin K, vitamin E, vitamin D, phytosterol and fatty acid levels. It was determined that naringin and naringenin showed statistically significant decreases against malathion toxicity on these parameters. From this study it is found that, the mitigating effect of naringin against DPPH stable free radical was higher than that of naringenin. Citrus flavonoid, naringin showed promising antioxidant activity which can be used as effective protecting agents against oxidative stress.

关键词： bone   CTX   ethanol   non-human primate   osteocalcin  

摘要： Chronic heavy alcohol use is often associated with reduced bone mineral density and altered bone turnover. However, the dose response effects of ethanol on bone turnover have not been established. This study examined the effects of graded increases of ethanol consumption on biochemical markers of bone turnover in young adult male cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). For this study, 6.6-year-old (95% CI: 6.5, 6.7) male macaques were subjected to three 30-day sessions of increased ethanol intake over a 90-day interval. During the first 30 days, the monkeys drank a predetermined volume of ethanol corresponding to 0.5 g/kg/day, followed by 1.0 g/kg/day and 1.5 g/kg/day. Osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation, and carboxyterminal cross-linking telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX), a marker of resorption, were measured during each 30-day session. In addition, the ratio of osteocalcin to CTX was determined as a surrogate measure of global turnover balance. Mean osteocalcin decreased by 2.6 ng/mL (1.8, 3.5) for each one-half unit (0.5 g/kg/day) increase in dose (p < 0.001). Mean CTX decreased by 0.13 ng/mL (0.06, 0.20) for each one-half unit increase in dose (p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was an inverse relationship between dose and the ratio of osteocalcin to CTX, such that the mean ratio decreased by 0.9 (0.3, 1.5) for each one-half unit increase in dose (p = 0.01). In summary, male cynomolgus macaques had decreased blood osteocalcin and CTX, and osteocalcin to CTX ratio during the 90-day interval of graded increases in ethanol consumption, indicative of reduced bone turnover and negative turnover balance, respectively. These findings suggest that over the range ingested, ethanol resulted in a linear decrease in bone turnover. Furthermore, the negative bone turnover balance observed is consistent with reported effects of chronic alcohol intake on the skeleton. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.