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关键词： Erythromycin   Scenedesmus obliquus   Microalga-effluent system   Attenuation pathways   Biochemical responses  

摘要： Microalgal cultivation in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can realize the coupling of wastewater treatment and microalgae energy utilization, however, the residual antibiotics in effluents from WWTPs affect the growth of microalgae. In this study, green alga (Scenedesmus obliquus) cells were inoculated into the effluents to ascertain the attenuation pathways of erythromycin (ERY) and the biochemical responses of microalga in a microalga-effluent system. Results showed that hydrolysis, photolysis, and biodegradation (including bioadsorption) cause the attenuation of ERY in a microalga-effluent system, and the biodegradation (including bioadsorption) has the greatest removal rate (reaching a maximum of 57.87%), followed by hydrolysis (reaching a maximum of 34.13%), and photolysis (less than 5%) after five days. The photosynthetic pigment contents in cells of microalga decreased the most (by 35.66% for chlorophyll a), and the production of ROS was stimulated (by 33.75%) after five-day exposure to ERY at an initial concentration of 100 mu g/L. Meanwhile, the activity of ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) decreased by 55.65%, and the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) increased by 55.65%. The ROS level, photosynthetic pigment content, and RuBPCase activity were extremely significantly correlated with each other (P < 0.01), indicating that exposure to ERY changed those biochemical responses related to the rate of photosynthesis of microalga, inhibiting the growth thereof. On the other hand, exposure to ERY increased lipid production by microalga through the induced ACCase activity.

关键词： Apoptosis   Chrysin   Inflammation   Lead acetate   Nephrotoxicity   Oxidative stress  

摘要： In this study, the protective effects of chrysin (CR) on lead acetate (PbAc)-induced renal toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated with biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical methods. In the study, rats were given orally at 30 mg/kg/body weight (BW) PbAc after CR of 25 and 50 mg/kg/BW was administered to them orally (a total of 7 administrations for 7 days). The results showed that CR reduced urea and creatinine levels by alleviating PbAc-induced kidney damage. It was determined that CR decreases PbAc-induced lipid peroxidation due to its antioxidant properties and increases catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and glutathione (GSH) levels. It was also detected that CR protects DNA from the toxic effects of PbAc and reduces 8-hydroxy-2 '-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels. Biochemical and immunohistochemical findings demonstrated that CR had anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects and reduced nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappa B), interleukin-33 (IL-33), prostaglandin-E2 (PGE-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), p53 levels, and the activities of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which were increased with PbAc administration. Moreover, CR was found to increase the levels of aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) and nephrine in PbAc-induced kidney tissue. CR decreased the contents of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), sodium (Na), and copper (Cu) and increased those of potassium (K) calcium (Ca) in renal tissue. These results indicated that CR considerably alleviates kidney toxicity caused by PbAc.

关键词： Hip fracture   Lymphorrhea   Lymph-specific protein   Prolonged wound drainage  

摘要： Introduction: The origin and content of prolonged wound drainage (PWD) after arthroplasty remain uncertain. In this study, we performed the biochemical, biological and advanced proteomic analysis of the drainage fluid collected from PWD patients following hip hemiarthroplasty (HA). Methods: Data of 28 patients who developed PWD after HA were prospectively analyzed. After examining the biochemical content of the drainage fluid collected on postoperative day 6, to find out if the drainage fluid was transudate or exudate, it was compared with the patient's serum values according to the Light criteria. Subsequently, biological and proteomic analyzes of both drainage fluid and serum were performed. The similarities and differences in terms of protein concentrations, protein identities were examined. In the drainage fluid, we analyzed lymph-specific proteins. Results: 16 patients with PWD were male (61.1%), 12 were female (38.9%), and the mean age of all patients was 79.64 +/- 8.44 (65-95). Biochemical test results of the drainage fluid / serum were as follows: Total protein: 2.1 / 5.2 g/dl, albumin: 1.3 / 3.1 g/dl, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): 121/324 U/l, cholesterol: 28/160 mg/dl, triglyceride: 37/122 mg/dl, sodium (Na): 140/140mg/dl, potassium (K): 4.1/4.1 mg/dl. pH of the drainage fluid was 7.6. According to these biochemical values, drainage fluid was classified as transudate. As a result of protein identification, fibrinogen beta chain, keratin type 1, creatine kinase M-type protein were detected in drainage fluid. Subsequent western analysis revealed that, gliseraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and beta actin antibody were detected in the drainage fluid but not in serum. Conclusion: Despite the similarity in serum and transudative PWD fluid in terms of biochemical content, we found that when we carried out further proteomic analysis, PWD contains lymph-specific proteins. Unlike PWD, these proteins were not determined in serum. PWD fluid can be also calle

关键词： Cyclophosphamide   Chrysin   Naringin   G6PD   6PGD   GR   TrxR  

摘要： In recent years, there have been efforts to develop therapeutic agents that target metabolic enzyme systems in addition to existing treatment in possible cancer treatments. Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is an anticancer drug commonly used in various cancer treatments. Chrysin (CH) and naringin (NR) are natural flavonoids that possess many medicinal and pharmacological properties. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of CH and NR against CYP-induced toxicity on some metabolic enzyme activities. For this purpose, 56 male rats were randomly divided into 8 groups in our in vivo study. The rats were pretreated with CH (25 and 50 mg/kg bw) and NR (50 and 100 mg/kg bw) for 7 days before administering a single dose of CYP (200 mg/kg bw) on the seventh day. According to the in vivo results of our study, it was observed that CH and NR regulated abnormal changes in CYP-induced enzyme activities. In addition, our in vitro study, G6PD enzyme was purified from rat erythrocyte using affinity chromatography. The effects of CH, NR, and CYP were investigated on the purified enzyme. It was determined that CH increased the enzyme activity, CYP ineffective on the enzyme activity, whereas NR inhibited the enzyme activity noncompetitively.

关键词： PEG   Antioxidant enzymes   Mango calli   Low moisture stress   MDA   POD  

摘要： A method for in vitro screening and selection of drought (moisture stress) tolerant mango calli was developed. Poly ethylene glycol (PEG) (Molecular weight 6000) at various concentrations was used to induce moisture stress and reveal the underlying mechanisms used by mango calli for low moisture stress tolerance. The results demonstrated that there was significant impact of PEG induced moisture stress on various growth and biochemical parameters of mango calli. Based on the mortality rate, the calculated Lethal Dose 50 suggested that amongst the five mango genotypes, the polyembryonic (Olour, Kurakkan and K-2) had almost double tolerance level as compared to the monoembryonic (Amrapali and Dashehari) genotypes. Osmolytes like proline and total soluble sugars were higher in calli of the tolerant as compared to susceptible genotypes. The highest proline (0.683 mu M g(-1) FW) and total soluble sugars (24.61 mg g(-1) FW) were observed in Olour. However, the highest malondialdehyde was in noted in Dashehari (20.25 mu M g(-1) FW) followed by Amrapali (19.68 mu M g(-1) FW). The activity of different antioxidant enzymes, namely, catalase, super oxide dismutase, peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were increased in the mango calli when grown in the PEG supplemented media though intensity varied in susceptible and tolerant genotypes. These results can be used for in vitro screening and selection for low moisture stress tolerance in other mango genotypes, somaclones, in vitro induced mutants etc.

关键词： Anaerobic co-digestion   Biochemical methane potential   Multivariate linear regression   Partial least squares   Near-infrared spectroscopy  

摘要： To rapidly estimate the biochemical methane potential (BMP) of feedstocks, different multivariate regression models were established between BMP and the physicochemical indexes or near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Mixed fermentation feedstocks of corn stover and livestock manure were rapidly detected BMP in anaerobic codigestion (co-AD). The results showed that the predicted accuracy of NIRS model based on characteristic wavelengths selected by multiple competitive adaptive reweighted sampling outperformed all regression models based on the physicochemical indexes. For the NIRS regression model, coefficient of determination, root mean squares error, relative root mean squares error, mean relative error and residual predictive deviation of the validation set were 0.982, 6.599, 2.713%, 2.333% and 7.605. The results reveal that the predicted accuracy of NIRS model is very high, and meet the requirements of rapid prediction of BMP for co-AD feedstocks in practical biogas engineering.

关键词： Sea bream   Propolis   Feed additives   Growth parameters   Blood chemistry   Proximate chemical composition  

摘要： This study was conducted to investigate the effect of propolis on the growth, body composition, and serum biochemistry of juvenile sea bream (Sparus aurata). Propolis was added to a commercial sea bream feed (45.51% protein, 17.12 lipid %) at (control) 0 (P0), 1.25 (P1.25), 2.5 (P2.5), 5 (P5), 10 (P10), and 20 (P20) g kg(-1). The trial used three replicates of 50 fish (ca 12 g initial weight) in 400-L polyester tanks for each feed treatment, with feeding being done twice daily (09:00 and 17:00) by hand to satiation for 10 weeks. Specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain (WG) varied quadratically with propolis concentration, with maxima at 3.68 g kg(-1). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were not affected by feed treatments (P > 0.05). When body composition was examined at the end of the trial, there were no significant differences between treatment groups in percentage dry matter and lipid, but the highest protein was recorded for group P10 (P < 0.05). Propolis supplementation to the diets showed no effects on glucose (GLU), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the serum. When the serum biochemical parameters such as total protein (TP), triglyceride (TRIG), and cholesterol (CHOL) were examined, the lowest values were found in the P20 group, while no significant difference was found with the other groups (P > 0.05). The study findings indicated that propolis does not decrease growth rates except at high levels.

关键词： Mineral   Pregnancy   Lactation   Serum analysis   Donkey  

摘要： The purpose of this study was to investigate the profile change of serum trace and major elements, and biochemical and hematological parameters in jennies during late pregnancy and early lactation. Twentyfive healthy Chinese Liaoxi jennies were used in late pregnancy and early lactation. Results showed that the levels of Fe, total protein (TP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were highly variable interindividual among the jennies. Early lactating jennies showed significantly lower serum levels of K, Se, AST, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride than late pregnant jennies ( P < .05). Principal component analysis identified six and five principal components of serum mineral and biochemical parameters for late pregnant and early lactating jennies, respectively, which was supported by the cluster analysis findings. Strong clustering of serum Cu-Mn, iPhos-Se-TP, and Ca-Zn-alanine aminotransferase-TC was found in the late pregnant jennies, and strong clustering of serum Ca-Zn-Se-Mn-albumin, Na-Fe-AST-triglyceride, and K-Mg-Cu-TP was observed in the early lactating jennies. The study suggests a significant variation in the serum levels of mineral and biochemical parameters in late pregnant and early lactating jennies, which is valuable in estimating their physiological status and providing proper health care. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. The purpose of this study was to investigate the profile change of serum trace and major elements, and biochemical and hematological parameters in jennies during late pregnancy and early lactation. Twentyfive healthy Chinese Liaoxi jennies were used in late pregnancy and early lactation. Results showed that the levels of Fe, total protein (TP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were highly variable interindividual among the jennies. Early lactating jennies showed significantly lower serum levels of K, Se, AST, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride than late pregnant jennies ( P < .05). Principal component anal

关键词： PSMA   PET   Prostate cancer   Biochemical recurrence   Diagnosis  

摘要： Objective F-18-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand, [F-18]PSMA-1007, has the benefit of a higher synthetic yield and minimal excretion in the urine. High detection efficacy was reported in biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. Thus, we evaluated the preliminary diagnostic utility of [F-18]PSMA-1007 PET in patients with prostate cancer, focusing on the BCR which is not detected on conventional imaging. Methods We enrolled a total of 28 patients (age 51-79 years) with BCR of prostate cancer. BCR was defined as a continuous increase in PSA after radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy without any apparent recurrent lesions on conventional diagnostic imaging (CT and bone scintigraphy). PSMA-PET scanning was performed approximately 60 min after intravenous injection of [F-18]PSMA-1007 (259 +/- 37 MBq). PSMA-PET images were evaluated for lesion detection as well as its relation to PSA values and location. Results Abnormal uptake, which was suspected to be recurrence or metastasis, was detected in 92.9% (26/28) of patients with BCR. The SUVmax was 8.4 +/- 6.4 in local recurrence, 11.5 +/- 11.8 in pelvic lymph nodes (LN), and 4.1 +/- 1.6 in bone metastasis. The detection rates were 66.7% in the PSA group-1 (0.1-0.5 ng/mL), 85.7% in the PSA group-2 (0.5-1.0 ng/mL), and 100% in the PSA group-3 (above 1.0 ng/mL). Among the PET-positive BCR patients (n = 26), local recurrence was detected in 57.7% (15/26), pelvic LN in 42.3% (11/26), and bone metastasis in 15.4% (4/26). In 53% (8/15) of BCR patients who were suspected of local recurrence, focal uptake was detected adjacent to the bladder on [F-18]PSMA-1007 PET. This suggested the significant advantage of having minimal physiological urine excretion. Conclusions [F-18]PSMA-1007 PET showed a high detection rate in recurrent and metastatic lesions. In patients with BCR, its high detection led to suitable treatment strategies, such as salvage radiation therapy or surgic