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关键词： Mineral   Pregnancy   Lactation   Serum analysis   Donkey  

摘要： The purpose of this study was to investigate the profile change of serum trace and major elements, and biochemical and hematological parameters in jennies during late pregnancy and early lactation. Twentyfive healthy Chinese Liaoxi jennies were used in late pregnancy and early lactation. Results showed that the levels of Fe, total protein (TP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were highly variable interindividual among the jennies. Early lactating jennies showed significantly lower serum levels of K, Se, AST, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride than late pregnant jennies ( P < .05). Principal component analysis identified six and five principal components of serum mineral and biochemical parameters for late pregnant and early lactating jennies, respectively, which was supported by the cluster analysis findings. Strong clustering of serum Cu-Mn, iPhos-Se-TP, and Ca-Zn-alanine aminotransferase-TC was found in the late pregnant jennies, and strong clustering of serum Ca-Zn-Se-Mn-albumin, Na-Fe-AST-triglyceride, and K-Mg-Cu-TP was observed in the early lactating jennies. The study suggests a significant variation in the serum levels of mineral and biochemical parameters in late pregnant and early lactating jennies, which is valuable in estimating their physiological status and providing proper health care. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. The purpose of this study was to investigate the profile change of serum trace and major elements, and biochemical and hematological parameters in jennies during late pregnancy and early lactation. Twentyfive healthy Chinese Liaoxi jennies were used in late pregnancy and early lactation. Results showed that the levels of Fe, total protein (TP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were highly variable interindividual among the jennies. Early lactating jennies showed significantly lower serum levels of K, Se, AST, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride than late pregnant jennies ( P < .05). Principal component anal

关键词： PSMA   PET   Prostate cancer   Biochemical recurrence   Diagnosis  

摘要： Objective F-18-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand, [F-18]PSMA-1007, has the benefit of a higher synthetic yield and minimal excretion in the urine. High detection efficacy was reported in biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. Thus, we evaluated the preliminary diagnostic utility of [F-18]PSMA-1007 PET in patients with prostate cancer, focusing on the BCR which is not detected on conventional imaging. Methods We enrolled a total of 28 patients (age 51-79 years) with BCR of prostate cancer. BCR was defined as a continuous increase in PSA after radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy without any apparent recurrent lesions on conventional diagnostic imaging (CT and bone scintigraphy). PSMA-PET scanning was performed approximately 60 min after intravenous injection of [F-18]PSMA-1007 (259 +/- 37 MBq). PSMA-PET images were evaluated for lesion detection as well as its relation to PSA values and location. Results Abnormal uptake, which was suspected to be recurrence or metastasis, was detected in 92.9% (26/28) of patients with BCR. The SUVmax was 8.4 +/- 6.4 in local recurrence, 11.5 +/- 11.8 in pelvic lymph nodes (LN), and 4.1 +/- 1.6 in bone metastasis. The detection rates were 66.7% in the PSA group-1 (0.1-0.5 ng/mL), 85.7% in the PSA group-2 (0.5-1.0 ng/mL), and 100% in the PSA group-3 (above 1.0 ng/mL). Among the PET-positive BCR patients (n = 26), local recurrence was detected in 57.7% (15/26), pelvic LN in 42.3% (11/26), and bone metastasis in 15.4% (4/26). In 53% (8/15) of BCR patients who were suspected of local recurrence, focal uptake was detected adjacent to the bladder on [F-18]PSMA-1007 PET. This suggested the significant advantage of having minimal physiological urine excretion. Conclusions [F-18]PSMA-1007 PET showed a high detection rate in recurrent and metastatic lesions. In patients with BCR, its high detection led to suitable treatment strategies, such as salvage radiation therapy or surgic

关键词： Monosodium glutamate   Physalis peruviana L.   Chromosomal abnormalities   Comet assay   Micronucleus   Mutagenicity   Antimutagenicity   Allium cepa L. test   INDUCED TESTICULAR TOXICITY   OXIDATIVE STRESS   VITAMIN-E   GENOTOXICITY   ASSAY   CYTOTOXICITY   CELLS   PARAMETERS   EXPRESSION   HERBICIDE  

摘要： In this study, the toxic effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG), which is the sodium salt of glutamic acid and used as a flavor-enhancing additive in foods, and the protective role of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) extract against these effects were investigated using Allium cepa L. test material with physiological, cytogenetic, and biochemical parameters. In the study, physiological changes were evaluated by determining root length, weight gain, and rooting percentage; genetic changes were evaluated by chromosomal abnormalities, micronucleus (MN) formation, mitotic index ratio (MI), and DNA damage. Oxidative stress was evaluated by determining the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Further, the relationships between oxidative stress and other parameters in the study were investigated. The antimutagenic effect of P. peruviana L. extract was evaluated as inhibition caused by MSG-induced chromosomal abnormalities (CAs) and DNA damage. In the study, six groups, including one control and five applications, were formed. The bulbs of Allium cepa L. in the control group were treated with tap water; the bulbs in the administration groups treated with 1000 mg/L MSG, 125 mg/L, and 250 mg/L concentrations of P. peruviana L. extract and MSG (1000 mg/L) in combination with P. peruviana L. extracts (125 mg/L and 250 mg/L) for 72 h. At the end of the application, compared to the control group, MSG application caused decreases in rooting percentage, weight gain, root length and MI, increases in frequencies of MN formation, chromosomal abnormalities, and DNA damage. In the biochemical analysis, it was determined that there were increases in MDA, SOD, and CAT levels and a decrease in GSH level. P. peruviana L. extract ameliorated MSG toxicity by showing improvement in all these parameters depending on the application concentration. As a result, considering the toxic effects of MSG, it has been understood that th

关键词： 生物化学  

ISBN: (纸本)9787518082100

摘要： 本书介绍了生物分子的分离、纯化、定性定量测定，层析分离技术，电泳技术，以及各种经典的生物化学实验原理等，共分五篇，包括49个实验项目，涵盖糖、脂、蛋白质、核酸、酶等物质的分离制备、分析检测技术和基础分子生物学技术，每个实验后附有思考题。

关键词： Swallowing   Deglutition disorders   Dysphagia   Capsaicin   Substance P  

摘要： Oropharyngeal dysphagia is prevalent in age-related neurological disorders presenting with impaired efficacy and safety of swallowing due to a loss of muscle force and sensory deficits. Stimulating the oropharynx with capsaicin that mediates Substance P release is an emerging pharmacological treatment option which needs further scientific evidence. Our aim was to comprehensively evaluate the effect of capsaicin on biochemical, neurophysiological, and biomechanical parameters of swallowing function. In a randomized study on healthy individuals, the impact of orally administered capsaicinoids at different dosages and application durations in comparison to non-carbonated water was evaluated. Time course and magnitude of salivary Substance P increase were monitored. Magnetoencephalography was used to detect cortical swallowing network alterations. Modifications in swallowing biomechanics were measured applying high-resolution pharyngeal manometry. Capsaicinoids at 10 mu mol/L improved swallowing efficacy as seen by a significant increase of pharyngeal contractile integral and upper esophageal sphincter activation and relaxation times in manometry. Significant improvement of precision in a challenging swallow task accompanied by a reduction in swallowing-related submental electromyographic power was observed with capsaicinoids preconditioning at 10 mu mol/L over 5 min, but not with continuous stimulation. The cortical activation pattern remained unchanged after any intervention. A significant increase of salivary Substance P was not detected with 10 mu mol/L but with 50 mu mol/L and lasted for 15 min after application. Capsaicinoids mediate dose-dependent Substance P release and positively alter swallowing biomechanics in healthy subjects. The results provide supportive evidence for the value of natural capsaicinoids to improve swallowing function.

关键词： Cadmium nanoparticles   Green synthesis of nanoparticles   Nile tilapia   Multi-biomarkers   CLARIAS-GARIEPINUS BURCHELL   NILE TILAPIA   SILVER NANOPARTICLES   SUBLETHAL TOXICITY   MORINGA-OLEIFERA   COMMON CARP   FISH   CYTOTOXICITY   ERYTHROCYTES   COMBINATION  

摘要： The considerable increment in the use of Nanoparticles in the industry has been recognized as an environmental concern today. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the toxicity effects of green synthesized cadmium nanoparticles [Cd](NPs) using Moringa oleifera leaves extract on multi-biomarkers in Oreochromis niloticus after four weeks of exposure. The results showed that LC50 values of [Cd](NPs) for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h were 2.17, 1.75, 1.49 and 1.22 mg l(-1), respectively. There was a significant decrease in the number of white and red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration value in fish exposed to [Cd](NPs). The mean corpuscular volume and neutrophils were increased. [Cd](NPs) exposure to fish has led to cytotoxic and genotoxic changes in the erythrocytes. Significant changes were observed in the cortisol, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine levels of the fish exposed to [Cd](NPs). The activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase increased. Glucose, total lipids, urea, and creatinine levels increased in the serum of fish exposed to [Cd](NPs), whereas total protein contents and alkaline phosphatase activity decreased. A significant reduction was observed in glycogen, total antioxidant levels, and superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities of fish exposed to [Cd](NPs). In contrast, the [Cd](NPs) exposure resulted in a significant increase in DNA fragmentation percentages, lipid peroxidation, and carbonyl protein levels in different tissues. The results of the present study confirmed that [Cd](NPs) has the toxicity potential to cause Cyto-genotoxicity, oxidative damages, changes in the hematological and biochemical changes, and endocrine disruptor in the fish.

关键词： Urease   N-4-substituted thiosemicarbazones   Urease inhibitors   Structure-activity relationship   Molecular docking   ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS   MOLECULAR DOCKING   METAL-COMPLEXES   DERIVATIVES   VITRO   PATHOGENESIS   ANTIFUNGAL   LIGANDS   SERIES   AGENTS  

摘要： Urease enzyme plays a key role in pathogenesis of gastritis and peptic ulcers. Its inhibition averts our bodies from many disorders including formation of urinary calculi. In agriculture, the high urease content causes severe environmental and hence economic problems. Due to deficiency of effective and safer drugs to tackle the aforementioned disorders, the quest for new scaffolds becomes mandatory in the field of medicinal chemistry. In this regard, we herein report a new series of N-4-substituted thiosemicarbazones 3a-v as potential candidates for urease inhibition. These new N-4-substituted thiosemicarbazones 3a-v of distant chemical scaffolds were characterized by advanced spectroscopic techniques, such as FTIR, (HNMR)-H-1, (CNMR)-C-13, ESI-MS and in the case of compound 3g by single crystal X-ray analysis. The compounds were evaluated for their urease inhibitory potential. All newly synthesized compounds showed significant urease inhibitions with IC50 values in range of 2.7 +/- 0.320-109.2 +/- 3.217 mu M. Molecular docking studies were used for interactions pattern and structure-activity relationship for all compounds, which demonstrated excellent binding interactions with the active site residues, such as hydrogen bonding, p-p interactions, p-H and nickel atom coordination.

关键词： Bovine lactoferrin   Chitosan nanoparticles   Nile tilapia   Antioxidant enzymes   Disease resistance   NONSPECIFIC IMMUNE-RESPONSES   IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSES   ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY   VIBRIO-ALGINOLYTICUS   GROWTH-PERFORMANCE   DISEASE RESISTANCE   DIETARY CHITOSAN   VITAMIN-C   NILOTICUS   INFECTION  

摘要： The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary bovine lactoferrin (BLF) or chitosan nanoparticles (CHN) alone or in combinations on serum biochemical indices, antioxidative capacity, tran-scriptomic responses, non-specific immunity, and resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against chal-lenge with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish were fed on the basal diet with no supplements and served as control (CTR), and six other experimental diets containing different levels of BLF (800 and 1200 mg per kg diet), CHN (500 and 1000 mg per kg diet), and their combinations (400 mg BLF plus 250 mg CHN per kg diet, and 600 mg BLF plus 500 mg CHN per kg diet) for 45 days. At the end of the experiment, serum, and tissue specimens (liver and kidney) were collected, fish in all groups were challenged with A. hydrophila and then observed for another ten days to calculate the RPS. Compared to the CTR group, no significant differences were recorded in TP, ALB, GLO, BUN, and CREAT values among all treatments. Serum LYZ, ALT, AST, and ALP enzyme activities were significantly increased in all experimental groups over the CTR (P < 0.05), and their highest values were recorded in the combined treatments. Moreover, dietary supplementation with CHN (1000 mg/kg) and com-bined treatments significantly increased the SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px enzyme activities compared to other groups (P < 0.05). The highest mRNA expression levels of IGF-1 gene in liver, and IL-1?, and IFN-? genes in kidneys were found in CHN (1000 mg/kg) group and combined treatments more than other groups. Interestingly, no, or mild histopathological alterations were noticed in the hepatopancreas and posterior kidney of the treated groups. A significantly higher RPS was identified in the combined treatments challenged with A. hydrophila compared with the CTR group. This study exemplifies the positive impacts of dietary supplementation with BLF or CHN alone or combinations on the antioxidative status, immu

关键词： PROTEIN DISULFIDE-ISOMERASE   SCHIFF-BASE COMPLEXES   CANCER STEM-CELLS   IN-VITRO   PROTEASOME INHIBITORS   DNA-BINDING   X-RAY   BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY   BREAST-CANCER   CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC-AGENTS  

摘要： Copper is an essential trace element with vital roles in many metalloenzymes; it is also prominent among nonplatinum anticancer metallodrugs. Copper-based complexes are endogenously biocompatible, tenfold more potent than cisplatin, exhibit fewer adverse effects, and have a wide therapeutic window. In cancer biology, copper acts as an antitumor agent by inhibiting cancer via multiple pathways. Herein, we present an overview of advances in copper complexes as 'lead' antitumor drug candidates, and in understanding their biochemical and pharmacological pathways over the past 5 years. This review will help to develop more efficacious therapeutics to improve clinical outcomes for cancer treatments.