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关键词： 叶绿素a   化学需氧量   生化需氧量   浮游生物   原位监测  

摘要： 海洋生物化学要素是海洋环境与生态监测的重要对象。传统的监测方法多基于人工操作,需要使用化学试剂,不仅测量时间长,而且无法及时准确反映海水的当前状态。该文基于光学传感的方法,研究无需化学试剂的海洋叶绿素a、化学需氧量(COD)、生化需氧量(BOD)原位传感器和水下浮游生物成像仪,并基于浮标平台在近海开展了海洋原位测量实验和示范。在海试过程中,通过采用环境友好的生物涂料和机械刷设计,克服了生物附着对传感器连续工作的影响,实现了传感器连续原位工作6个月以上,实验结果准确反映了海水的真实状态。

关键词： Toxicity  

摘要： Purpose: Low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) have both shown acceptable outcomes in the treatment of low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Minimal data have been published directly comparing rates of biochemical control and toxicity with these 2 modalities. We hypothesize that LDR and SBRT will provide similar rates of biochemical control. Methods and Materials: All low- and intermediate-risk patients with prostate cancer treated definitively with SBRT or LDR between 2010 and 2018 were captured. Phoenix definition was used for biochemical failure. Independent t tests were used to compare baseline characteristics, and repeated measure analysis of variance test was used to compare American Urologic Association (AUA) and the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) scores between treatment arms over time. Biochemical control was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Differences in acute and late toxicity were assessed via Pearson chi(2). Results: In the study, 219 and 118 patients were treated with LDR and SBRT. Median follow-up was 4.3 years (interquartile range, 3.1-6.1). All patients treated with LDR received 125.0 Gy in a single fraction. SBRT consisted of 42.5 Gy in 5 fractions. Five-year biochemical control for LDR versus SBRT was 91.6% versus 97.6% (P =.108). LDR patients had a larger increase in mean AUA scores at 1 month (17.2 vs 10.3, P <.001) and 3 months posttreatment (14.0 vs 9.7, P <.001), and in mean EPIC scores at 1 month (15.7 vs 13.8, P <.001). There was no significant difference between LDR and SBRT in late grade 3 genitourinary toxicity (0.9% vs 2.5%, P =.238);however, LDR had lower rates of late grade 3 gastrointestinal toxicity (0.0% vs 2.5%, P =.018). Conclusions: Our data show similar biochemical control and genitourinary toxicity rates at 5 years for both SBRT and LDR, with slightly higher gastrointestinal toxicity with SBRT and higher AUA and EPIC scores with LDR. (C) 2020 Elsevier I

关键词： 生物化学   课程思政   教学探索  

摘要： 动物医学专业培养的人才在公共卫生事业、社会预防医学、食品卫生、环境保护和医药工业等诸多领域发挥着重要的作用。在大学教育中,培养政治素质过硬、具备专业技能与职业道德的动物医学人才是时代所需。作为高等农业院校的专业基础课,在生物化学教学中融入思政教育元素,既能提高学生学习的主观能动性,也更好地发挥了思政教育立德树人的协同效应,有助于实现高等教育培养德智体全面发展的社会主义创新精神与实践能力高级专门人才的目的。

关键词： Cirrhosis   Body composition   Sarcopenia   Muscle mass  

摘要： Objectives: The use of easily accessible methods to estimate skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in patients with cirrhosis is often limited by the presence of edema and ascites, precluding a reliable diagnosis of sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to design predictive models using variables derived from anthropometric and/or biochemical measures to estimate SMM;and to validate their applicability in diagnosing sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis. Methods: Anthropometric and biochemical data were obtained from 124 male patients (18-76 y of age) with cirrhosis who also underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and handgrip strength (HGS) assessments to identify low SMM and diagnose sarcopenia using reference cutoff values. Univariate analyses for variable selection were applied to generate predictive decision tree models for low SMM. Model accuracy for the prediction of low SMM and sarcopenia (when associated with HGS) was tested by comparison with reference cutoff values (appendicular SMM index, obtained by DXA) and clinical sarcopenia diagnoses. The prognostic value of the models for the prediction of sarcopenia and mortality at 104 wk of follow up was further tested using Kaplan-Meier graphics and Cox models. Results: The models with anthropometric variables, alone and combined with biochemical variables, showed good accuracy (0.89 [0.83;0.94] and 0.90 [0.84;0.95], respectively) and sensitivity (0.72 [0.56;0.85] and 0.74 [0.59;0.86], respectively) and excellent specificity (0.96 [0.90;0.99] and 0.97 [0.92;0.99], respectively) in predicting SMM. Both models showed excellent accuracy (0.94 [0.89;0.98], good sensitivity (0.68 [0.45;0.86]), and excellent specificity (1.00 [0.96;1.00]) in predicting sarcopenia. The models predicted mortality in patients with sarcopenia, with the likelihood of death sixfold greater relative to patients not predicted to have sarcopenia. Conclusions: Our simple and inexpensive models provided a practical and safe approach to diagnosing

关键词： Fish bioassay   Dyes   Labeo rohita   Oedogonium subplagiostomum AP1   Toxicity  

摘要： The present investigation is an attempt to assess the impact of untreated methyl orange and Oedogonium subplagiostomum AP1 treated methyl orange dye solutions on Labeo rohita. The behavioural response, mortality, haematological (red blood corpuscles (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), white blood corpuscles (WBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC)), biochemical (plasma glucose and protein), enzymological (aspartate amino transaminases (AST) and alanine amino transaminases (ALT)) and histological examination (gills, liver and kidney) of Labeo rohita are exposed to untreated and treated methyl orange dye solutions were assessed on 7th day. The fish exposed to tap water and treated dye solution showed normal behavioural response whereas abnormal behaviour was noted in fish exposed to untreated dye solution. Similar trend was recorded in the mortality rate of the fishes. Fish exposed to untreated dye solution showed reduction in RBC, PCV, Hb, MCHC, plasma glucose and plasma protein, increased level of WBC, MCV and MCH and also alteration in AST and ALT thereby indicating the toxicity of the dye. No such reduction and alteration were observed in haematological, biochemical and enzymological levels of fishes exposed to tap water and treated dye solution indicating the non-toxic nature of the degraded metabolites of dye. Histological examination of fishes exposed to methyl orange dye revealed necrosis and haemorrhage in the gills and hepatocytes, congested and shrunken glomeruli in kidney thereby indicating the toxicity of the dye. The histoarchitecture of control and algae-treated fishes showed no structural changes indicating the non-toxic nature of the degraded metabolites of the dye. The results concluded that methyl orange dye solution treated with O. subplagiostomum AP1 can be explored for aquacultural purposes owing to its non-toxic nature.

关键词： Hemp leaves water extract   Anti-fatigue   Glycogen   Blood lactic acid   GSH-Px  

摘要： To explore novel sources of anti-fatigue drugs and food, the anti-fatigue activity of hemp leaves water extract (HLWE) was investigated through exhaustive swimming tests of mice. The median exhaustion swimming time of mice gavaged with HLWE reached 55.4 min, which was 156.8% and 87.8% longer than that of the control group and Rhodiola group, respectively. Then, several biochemical parameters related to fatigue were determined to explore the possible anti-fatigue reasons. The blood lactic acid concentration of mice in HLWE group was 0.76 mmol/L, which was 24.8% lower than that in the control group. Compared with the control group, the glutathione peroxidases activity of mice in HLWE group increased by 296.2%. Based on the results, HLWE exhibited outstanding anti-fatigue activity through reducing the accumulation of lactic acid and improving the activities of defense antioxidant enzymes. It shows appealing potential for development and utilization as novel anti-fatigue food or drugs.

关键词： Electroencephalography   Lacosamide   Neuroprotective   Traumatic Brain Injury  

摘要： Objective: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide, especially in children and young adults. TBI can be classified based on severity, mechanism or other features. Inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and ischemia are some of the important pathophys-iological mechanisms underlying neuronal loss after TBI. Lacosamide (LCM) is an anticonvulsant compound approved for the adjunctive treatment of partial-onset seizures and neuropathic pain. This study aimed to investigate possible neuroprotective effects of LCM in a rat model of TBI. Material and methods: Twenty-eight adult male, Wistar albino rats were used. The rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was the control group (n=7). Group 2 was the trauma group (n=7) where rats were treated with 100 mg/kg saline intraperitoneally (IP) twice a day. Groups 3 and 4, rats were treated with 6 (group 3, n=7) or 20 (group 4, n=7) mg/kg Lacosamide IP twice a day. For each group, brain samples were collected 72 hours after injury. Brain samples and blood were evaluated with histopathological and biochemical methods. In addition, electroencephalograpy monitoring results were compared. Results: The immunoreactivity of both iNOS and eNOS (oxidative stress markers) were decreased with LCM treatment compared to trauma group. The results were statistically significant (*** P<0.001). The treatments of low (56,17 +/- 9,69) and high-dose LCM (43,91 +/- 9,09) were decreased the distribution of HIF-1 alpha compared to trauma group (P<0.01). The number of apoptotic cells were decreased with LCM treatment the difference between the trauma group and 20mg/kg LCM treated group (9,55 +/- 1,02) was statistically significant (***P<0.001). Malondialdehyde level was reduced with LCM treatment. MDA level was significantly higher in trauma group compared to LCM treated groups (*** P<0.001). The level of Superoxide dismutase in the trauma group was 1,86 U/ml, whereas it was 36,85 U/ml in 20mg/kg LCM treated gr

关键词： Biomass   Chlorophyll   Carotenoid   Fatty acids   Cultivation  

摘要： Haematococcus pluvialis is known as the richest natural source of carotenoid astaxanthin, whose synthesis is related to changes in cells according its complex life cycle and the availability of nutrients present in the culture media. This study's objective was to evaluate the influence of different culture media under photoautotrophic and mixotrophic conditions on the growth, life cycle, biochemical composition, and astaxanthin production in H. pluvialis. Cultures were performed using the following media: KM1, MM2, Provasoli, modified Provasoli, and how to control the BBM, all kept at 24 +/- 1 degrees C, with constant aeration, light/dark photoperiod 24:0 and irradiance of 60 mu mol photons/m(2)/s. Growth and life cycle were evaluated by daily cell counts under an optical microscope;values of maximum cell density (MCD) and dry biomass were also assessed. Biochemical analyses were chlorophyll (a and b), astaxanthin, total proteins, and fatty acids. Cultivation under photoautotrophic conditions in BBM medium showed higher concentration of chlorophylls a (33 +/- 4.0 mu g/mL) and b (18 +/- 1.6 mu g/mL) and protein (62.7 +/- 3.38%). Cultivation in modified Provasoli medium, under mixotrophic conditions, showed higher MCD (84.5 +/- 11.7), biomass production (4.9 +/- 0.0004 mg/mL), fatty acid methyl esters, and astaxanthin productivity (9.28 +/- 0.4 mg/L/day). These results demonstrate that the culture media and the culture conditions to which H. pluvialis is submitted stimulate specific metabolic and biosynthetic pathways of the cells, which directly affect the biochemical composition of the microalgae. Modified Provasoli medium proved to be the most efficient in increasing astaxanthin productivity for this species, as it has shown better growth parameters and biomass production.

关键词： Macrobrachium nipponense   genetic breeding   growth performance   biochemical composition   gene expression  

摘要： Macrobrachium nipponense, as one of the large-yield farmed shrimp, is facing germplasm degradation. Genetic improvement through hybridization is one of the effective methods to solve this problem. In this study, using a three-line hybrid strategy, two-hybrid F1 populations were obtained using three local populations of M. nipponense as parents for crossbreeding. Five populations were then cultured for 3 months. Growth rate performance was measured by the hepatosomatic index, weight gain, body length growth rate and special growth rate. Biochemical components were also assessed. The results showed that the survival rate and growth performance of the hybrid progeny were better than those of the parents. The levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, glycogen and lactic acid of the hybrid population were higher than those of the parents. This was consistent with variation in the activity of four digestive enzymes. Compared with the results of the fatty acid and amino acid analysis, it was found that the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and eight essential amino acids in the hybrid populations were significantly higher than those of their parents, and the contents of flavor amino acids were higher. The expression level of molting genes related to the growth of the parent populations was lower than that of the hybrids. These results show that crossbreeding is effective for the genetic improvement of M. nipponense germplasm. Hybrids showed advantages in growth and nutrition and multigenerational breeding will be required to form a stable germplasm.