课程文献中心 更多>>

关键词： Arsenic   Exopolysaccharide   Nitrogen metabolism   Phycobiliproteins   Scanning electron microscopy  

摘要： Arsenic poisoning in aquatic ecosystem is a global concern that obstructs the productivity of agricultural lands (paddy fields) by targeting the growth of cyanobacteria. The cyanobacteria also tolerate and accumulate elevated concentration of arsenic (As) inside the cell and excrete out from cells in less toxic forms after the successive time interval. Thus to validate this, the study was carried out at two different time intervals, i.e., 48 h and 96 h. Two redox forms of As arsenate (As-V) and arsenite (As-III) at different concentrations (50, 100, and 150 mM As-V;50, 100, and 150 mu M As-III) caused substantial reduction in growth, pigments (Chla/Car and phycobiliproteins: phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, and phycoerythrin), inorganic nitrogen ( nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-)) uptake, activity of enzymes (NR, NiR, GS, and GOGAT) of nitrogen metabolism, biochemical constituents (protein, carbohydrate, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) contents ofNostoc muscorum, andAnabaenasp. PCC7120. The tested doses of As(V)and As(III)after 48 h of exposure exhibited adverse impact on these parameters, but after 96 h with lower doses of As-V(50 mM and 100 mM) and As-III(50 mu M and 100 mu M), significant recovery was recorded. Contrary to this, at higher dose of As-V(150 mM) and As-III(150 mu M), the adverse impact was further aggravated with increasing time exposure. Contrary to the activity of NR, NiR, GS, and GOGAT, GDH activity (alternative NH(3)(+)assimilating enzyme) was found to increase, and after 96 h, the activity showed declining trend but still higher than the control. The biochemical constituent EPS (first protective barrier) under scanning electron microscope showed more accumulation of dry adsorbent in the case of As(III)stress hence displayed more toxic nature of As(III)than As-V. The study concludes that with increasing time exposure, the recovery in growth and related parameters mainly at lower doses of As(V)and As(III)points toward adaptability of cyanobacteria whic

关键词： Diabetes mellitus   Exercise   Learning   Total antioxidant capacity   Glutathione peroxidase  

摘要： The main objective of current work was to determine the effects of treadmill-running and swimming exercise on passive avoidance learning (PAL) and blood biochemical parameters in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Male Wistar rats were divided into the following 6 groups (N = 6-8 per group): CON, healthy rats without exercise (N = 8);STZ, diabetic rats without exercise (N = 8);CON-SE, healthy rats subjected to swimming exercise (2 months;N = 6);STZ-SE, diabetic rats subjected to swimming exercise (2 months;N = 7);CON-TE, healthy rats subjected to treadmill exercise (2 months;N = 8);STZ-TE, diabetic rats subjected to treadmill exercise (2 months;N = 8). Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg STZ. Our results showed that STZ decreased the step-through latency in the retention test (STLr) and increased the time spent in the dark compartment (TDC) when compared with the CON group. However, treadmill-running and swimming exercise in STZ-treated rats increased the STLr and decreased the TDC when compared with STZ-treated rats without exercise in PAL. Blood low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride (TG) levels in the STZ group were significantly higher than those in the CON group, whereas plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and levels of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were lower in the STZ group compared with the CON group. The levels of LDL and TG decreased and the levels of TAC, CAT, and GPx increased in the exercise groups in comparison with the STZ group. The present results indicate that regular exercise enhances learning and memory in diabetic rats and that these effects may occur through activation of the antioxidant system.

关键词： Biochemical findings   Chronotype   Gastrointestinal symptoms   Inflammatory bowel disease   Nutrition  

摘要： This study was conducted with 39 inpatients diagnosed with IBD in the gastroenterology department of Samsun Ondokuz Mayis University Health Application and Research Center to evaluate the relationship between chronotype and biochemical findings, nutrition, and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The data were collected using a general information form, Food Frequency Questionnaire, Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, and Morning-Evening Questionnaire. The biochemical findings of the patients were obtained from the medical records. Statistical analysis of the patients included in the study was performed with the SPSS package program. For all analyses, p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Twenty-eight patients were diagnosed with ulcerative colitis and 11 with Crohn's disease. There was a significant relationship between chronotype and daily polyunsaturated fatty acid and vitamin B6 intake in female subjects (p < 0.05). There was also a significant relationship between chronotype and percentage of carbohydrate consumed, polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acid intake in male subjects (p < 0.05). A significant relationship was found between chronotype and serum glucose, hematocrit, magnesium, and iron levels (p < 0.05). It was determined that while E-type had higher glucose and magnesium levels;M-type had higher hematocrit and iron levels. It was observed that there was a relationship between chronotype and biochemical findings and nutrition in patients with IBD. Chronotype is easy to determine and these results show that it should be considered as a factor when evaluating nutrition and clinical status in patients with IBD. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Arylsulfatase A   ARSA gene   Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain   Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD)  

摘要： Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive demyelination due to deficiency of the enzyme arylsulfatase A (ARSA) in leukocytes, and consequently leads to impaired degradation and accumulation of cerebroside-3-sulfate (sulfatide). This study aimed to sequence the ARSA gene in a total of 43 patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy descendant from 40 Egyptian families. In addition, four carrier parents from two families with children who had died from MLD came to the clinic for genetic analysis. Prenatal diagnosis was performed for four families with molecularly diagnosed MLD sibs. Different mutations were characterized in our cohort, including missense, nonsense, splice, and deletion. Overall, 21 different mutations in the ARSA gene were detected, with 12 novel mutations, i.e. ***60Pro, ***65*, ***112Asp, ***116*, ***124Asp, ***193Ser, ***238*, ***456*, ***276Lys, and ***311Arg, in addition to two new acceptor splice-site mutations 685-1G > A and c.954_956 delCTT. The amniotic fluid samples revealed two carrier fetuses with heterozygous monoallelic mutations, and two affected fetuses had the homozygous biallelic mutations. In conclusion, the current study sheds light on the underlying ARSA gene defect, with an expansion of the mutation spectrum. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular study of MLD among the Egyptian population.

关键词： biochemical recurrence   cancer recurrence   multimodal analgesia   opioid   opioid-free anaesthesia   prostatectomy   prostate cancer  

摘要： Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent neoplasms in male patients, and surgery is the main treatment. Opioids can have immune modulating effects, but their relation to cancer recurrence is unclear. We evaluated whether opioids used during prostatectomy can affect biochemical recurrence-free survival. Methods: We randomised 146 patients with prostate cancer scheduled for prostatectomy into opioid-free anaesthesia or opioid-based anaesthesia groups. Baseline characteristics, perioperative data, and level of prostate-specific antigen every 6 months for 2 yr after surgery were recorded. Prostate-specific antigen >0.2 ng ml(-1) was considered biochemical recurrence. A survival analysis compared time with biochemical recurrence between the groups, and a Cox regression was modelled to evaluate which variables affect biochemical recurrence-free survival. Results: We observed 31 biochemical recurrence events: 17 in the opioid-free anaesthesia group and 14 in the opioidbased anaesthesia group. Biochemical recurrence-free survival was not statistically different between groups (P=0.54). Cox regression revealed that biochemical recurrence-free survival was shorter in cases of obesity (hazard ratio [HR] 1.63, confidence interval [CI] 0.16-3.10;p=0.03), high D'Amico risk (HR 1.58, CI 0.35-2.81;P=0.012), laparoscopic surgery (HR 1.6, CI 0.38-2.84;P=0.01), stage 3 tumour pathology (HR 1.60, CI 0.20-299) and N1 status (HR 1.34, CI 0.28-2.41), and positive surgical margins (HR 1.37, CI 0.50-2.24;P=0.002). The anaesthesia technique did not affect time to biochemical recurrence (HR -1.03, CI -2.65-0.49;P=0.18). Conclusions: Intraoperative opioid use did not modify biochemical recurrence rates and biochemical recurrence-free survival in patients with intermediate and high D?Amico risk prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy. Clinical trial registration: NCT03212456.

关键词： Ammonia stress   Hematological parameters   Oxidative stress   Inflammatory cytokines   Takifugu rubripes  

摘要： Ammonia is a major pollutant in aquatic environments and poses a considerable threat to the survival of fish. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of ammonia on the hematological and biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, and immune responses in Takifugu rubripes. Juvenile T. rubripes (average weight 246.17 +/- 3.54 g) were exposed to different concentrations of ammonia (0, 5, 50, 100, and 150 mg/L) for 96 h. The results showed that the hematological parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell, and white blood cell count) were significantly reduced in response to ammonia exposure. Of the plasma components, such as serum total protein, albumin, glucose, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, were significantly altered in response to ammonia exposure. Additionally, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were increased after exposure to low concentration ammonia exposure. However, when fish were exposed to a high concentration of ammonia, these parameters showed the opposite trend, suggesting that an increase in antioxidant enzymes during the early stages of ammonia exposure may contribute to the removal of the induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protect the cells from oxidative damage. However, as the ammonia concentration and exposure time increased, the overproduction of ROS accelerated the depletion of antioxidant enzymes. Ammonia exposure significantly increased the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90). Ammonia poisoning elevated gene expressions of TLR-3, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-1 beta in the gills, causing an inflammatory response. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms involved in ammonia-induced aquatic toxicology in marine fish, which may aid in their captive management.

关键词： Biochemical   Resistance   Date palm   Red palm weevil   Detoxification enzymes  

摘要： Rhynchophorus ferrugineus is the serious insect pest of palm groves. Chemical control against this species is an important constituent for developing an IPM strategy. But repeated use of the same class of synthetic chemicals to control a pest can cause resistance. The research was conducted to evaluate resistance in R. ferrugineus against commonly used synthetic insecticides (chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid and lambda-cyhalothrin) with intense selection pressure for seven successive generations under laboratory conditions. Further, biochemical assays were performed after selection with chlorpyrifos (Chlor-SEL), imidacloprid (Imida-SEL), and lambda-cyhalothrin (LamSEL) from G(1) to G(7) to estimate possible resistance mechanism against tested insecticides. The Imida-SEL, ChlorSEL and Lam-SEL showed very high resistance 1883-fold, 488-fold and 112-fold, respectively at G(7) compared to the susceptible population. Biochemical results showed that the highest activity of AChE (71.43 mu mol/min mg protein) was majorly contributed in imidacloprid resistance, EST in chlorpyrifos resistance (87.18 mu mol/min mg protein) and GST (83.93 mu mol/min mg protein) in lambda-cyhalothrin resistance. The outcomes of the present research propose that the increased levels of enzymes have their possible role for the resistance development in R. ferrugineus and their suppression can aid in the breaking of resistance. The rotation or replacement of chlorpyrifos, and imidacloprid with lambda-cyhalothrin can be integrated for the management of R. ferrugineus.

关键词： Seminal plasma   TEX101   Zinc   Amino acids   Male infertility  

摘要： The role of the male factors in the couple's infertility has been significantly increased in recent years due to a sententious assessment of male reproductive functions and enhanced diagnostic tools. We investigated the correlations among the seminal plasma (SP) levels of each of zinc, testis-expressed sequence 101 (TEX101), and free amino acids levels with reproductive hormones in adult fertile and infertile men. The study included 100 infertile men categorized into 50 non-obstructive azoospermic patients and 50 patients with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (iOAT), in addition to 50 fertile controls. Semen analyses, serum ELISA assays for male reproductive hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone, and prolactin), colorimetric assays of SP zinc and total proteins, SP free amino acids using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and ELISA assays of SP TEX101 were performed for all subjects. Infertile men with azoospermia had significantly lower SP median levels of zinc, TEX101, and many SP free amino acids compared to both men with iOAT and fertile controls (P < 0.05 for all). There were lower SP levels of zinc and some free amino acids among men with iOAT compared to the fertile controls (P < 0.05 for all) with non-significant difference regarding to SP TEX101 (P > 0.05). Azoospermic men exhibited negative correlations between FSH, LH, and prolactin with some SP free amino acids (P < 0.05 for all), and a positive correlation between glycine with total testosterone (P < 0.05). Among iOAT patients, LH and FSH were positively correlated with SP zinc, TEX101, and some measured free amino acids (P < 0.05 for all). Total testosterone was positively correlated with some amino acids, while prolactin was negatively correlated with glycine (P < 0.05 for all). iOAT and azoospermic men exhibited low SP zinc and some free amino acids levels that were more pronounced in azoospermic men and were significantly associ

关键词： MSB   Photosynthesis   Water relation   Secondary metabolites   Nutrient uptake   Specific ion toxicity   Antioxidant compounds  

摘要： Salinity is a significant constraint for plant survival and productivity. Therefore, an immediate solution to this problem is sought to meet the human population's food demands. Recently, Menadione sodium bisulphite (MSB) has emerged as a significant regulator of plant defense response under abiotic stress. Studies on MSB are scarce, and a few reports on salinity (Arabidopsis and okra) and cadmium stress (okra) are present in the literature. However, these studies did not include the impact of MSB on physiological and plant water relation attributes, critical mediators of plant survival, and yield production under stress. Our results studied the impact of MSB on wheat administered to NaCl salinity in hydroponics medium. We used two wheat cultivars (salt-sensitive MH-97 and salt-tolerant Millat-2011, based on our pre-experimental studies). Seeds were primed in different MSB doses [control (unprimed), hydroprimed, 5, 10, 20, and 30 mM]. Salinity significantly diminished growth, chlorophyll molecules, photosynthesis, total free amino acids, water and turgor potentials, K, Ca, and P contents of wheat when administered NaCl salinity in the nutrient solution. Besides, a noteworthy accretion was present in oxidative stress markers [hydrogen peroxide & malondialdehyde], proline, ascorbic acid, antioxidant enzyme activities, and Na+ accumulation under salinity. Moreover, MSB noticeably enhanced chlorophyll molecules, proline, and oxidative defense to improve photosynthesis, plant water relations, and diminish specific ions toxicity. Our results manifested better defense regulation in salt-administered plants primed with 5 and 10 mM MSB. Our findings strongly advocated the use of MSB in improving plant salinity tolerance, particularly in wheat.

关键词： Coal mine effluent   Histopathological alterations   Oxidative stress   Metallothionein  

摘要： In the present study, a multi-biomarker approach was used to assess the toxicity of the coal mine effluent (CME) generated at the Rajrappa coal mine on the catfish Clarias batrachus. A core of biomarkers indicative of nutritional value, oxidative stress, and histopathology was selected to illustrate the toxic effects of CME-containing different heavy metals and other toxicants. The results of metal bioaccumulation in CME-exposed fish tissues revealed the highest metal concentration in liver (1.34-297.68 mg/kg) while lowest in muscles (1.47-23.26 mg/kg) as compared to other tissues and so was the metallothionein level. The high value of bioaccumulation observed in liver, kidney, and gills reflects their affinity for metals. In addition, the values of metal pollution index (MPI) of different fish tissues further affirmed that liver followed by kidney and gills are at greater risk than brain, skin, and muscles. Significant alterations in the activity of certain enzymes (aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase) as well as oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase, catalase and lipid peroxidation) were detected in the tissues of CME-exposed fish. The tissue-specific metal accumulation and increased metallothionein levels may be associated with the biochemical and physiological activity of an organ and its constitutive antioxidant defenses. The histopathological changes in the various tissues of the CME-exposed fish justify the high metal accumulation and biochemical alterations. Overall results indicate that the Rajrappa coal mine effluent is very toxic having adverse health impact on the fish and might also affect the human health when consumed.