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关键词： 医学院校   生物化学   混合式教学   线上   线下  

摘要： 生物化学是医学院校基础课程教学的重要组成部分,是医学专业课程的基础,与后续多门课程直接或间接相关,是医学课程中的桥梁课程,生物化学课程的理论性强、知识点繁多、内容抽象、知识更新速度快、不好记忆和理解,学生学习起来普遍比较吃力,所以,提升生物化学课程的教学效果非常重要。本文总结了医学院校生物化学教学的现状,结合本校实际,在生物化学课程中开展了混合式教学的方法,提出并论证了过程式考核课程评价体系,旨在提升生物化学课程的教学质量和教学效果,为其他相关临床医学专业课程的学习奠定基础。

关键词： Gamma irradiation   Rice blast   Fenugreek seeds   Induced systemic resistance   Histochemical and biochemical changes  

摘要： The impact of gamma radiation on the activation of rice innate immunity to blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is described. In the present study, fenugreek seed extracts radiated with different doses of gamma rays viz. 5Gy, 10Gy, 15Gy, 20Gy and 25Gy were examined for their presence of biocompounds as well as for its ability to induce plant growth promotion and resistance against rice blast disease. The results of GC-MS analysis detected antimicrobial properties in methanolic extract. Enhanced germination (97%) and vigor (2718) was noticed in seeds pretreated with 20 Gy of gamma radiation in comparison with non-irradiated controls. Under greenhouse conditions, a significant disease protection of 56.7% on 3rd and 4th day after inoculation against rice blast was observed in 15Gy-irradiated rice plants challenge-inoculated with M. oryzae. Further, a significant increase in the hydrogen peroxide, phenol and lignin deposition was noticed in 20Gy-irradiated rice plants. Additionally, rice plants pretreated with 15Gy induced maximum activities of peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) compared to untreated control plants. These findings revealed that rice plants-pretreated with gamma radiation elicit resistance against rice blast disease as well as strengthening the growth parameters by modulating cellular and biochemical defense system.

关键词： Hu sheep   Betaine   Antioxidant status   mTOR signaling pathway   ANTIOXIDANT   ENHANCEMENT   DEFENSE   LKB1  

摘要： Betaine, a highly valuable feed additive, has been observed to alter the distribution of protein and fat in the bodies of ruminants and to exhibit strong antioxidant properties. However, the effects of dietary betaine supplementation on the biochemical parameters of blood and on testicular oxidative stress remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary betaine supplementation on lipid metabolism, immunity, and testicular oxidative status in Hu sheep. Experimental sheep (n=3, three sheep per group) were fed betaine-containing diets, a basal diet supplemented with 0 g/day (control group), 1 g/day (B1), and 3 g/day betaine (B2). There were no differences in the serum concentrations of triglycerides and cholesterol in Hu sheep receiving diets supplemented with betaine. The ratio of basophils significantly increased in the B1 and B2 groups. ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) results showed that testicular superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were significantly higher, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) content significantly decreased, after feeding betaine-supplemented diets. qPCR results showed that the mRNA expression levels of CAT, SOD2, and GSH-Px were significantly upregulated in both the B1 and B2 groups compared to those in the control group. Furthermore, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was significantly lower in the testes of betaine-treated Hu sheep than in the control group. Moreover, LKB1 (liver kinase B1) expression significantly increased, and mRNA expression of AMPK (AMP-activated serine/threonine protein kinase) significantly decreased in the B1 group. The relative gene expression of mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) was significantly higher in the B2 group than in the control group. RAPTOR expression significantly increased in the B1 group. Western blot revealed that the ratio of P-mTOR and mTOR significantly increased after feeding betaine-supplemented diets. In

关键词： 生物化学   题库建设   执业医师资格考试  

摘要： 目的:探索《生物化学》网络试题库的建设并探讨其在执业医师资格考试中的意义。方法:在学生中开展学情调查,同时根据执业医师资格考试大纲和《生物化学》教学考试大纲的内容建设网络试题库,收集历年真题和编写试题建立初级试题库,通过教师集体备课讨论筛选试题,建立用于教学的网络试题库,并将其应用于学生的随堂练习、阶段测试和期末考试中,分析2016-2019级学生《生物化学》考试成绩。结果:建立了包含20个章节3475道题的初级试题库,经讨论筛选,最终确定1955道用于教学的网络试题库;对比分析2016~2019级学生《生物化学》成绩,其成绩逐年上涨,2019级学生整体成绩明显优于前几届。结论:新建网络试题库有助于提高本科生学习生物化学的效率,为进一步提高执业医师资格考试的通过率奠定了基础。

关键词： 实验生物化学   指导探究   情境化学习   在线研究项目  

摘要： 学生在传统讲授式生物化学教学中以背诵相关知识点为主,未能有效开展深度学习。利用涵盖生物化学核心知识的实验研究项目创建与学生未来实际工作相似的真实问题情境,以网络平台为载体,以学生为中心,采取团队协作模式,开展指导探究式实验生物化学教学,充分激发学生的学习兴趣和积极性,促进教师的科研经验和科研积累转化为教学资源。探究学习过程中,学生通过深度参与综合、分析和评价等高阶思维任务,培养了科学素养和批判思维,促进深度学习和有意义学习,提高了教学效果。

关键词： 食品化学   教学改革   化学思维  

摘要： 化学与食品学科的深度交叉和渗透,使得食品类专业的化学教育直接制约了学生的专业认知过程。该文分析了当前食品化学教育中存在的问题,在此基础上提出以食品体系分子尺度贯穿知识模块的设想,并论述了食品化学课程整合其他相关化学课程的必要性,强调在“结构决定功能”方面提升学生的化学学科素养。

关键词： “双一流”建设   生物化学实验   教学改革   实践  

摘要： “双一”流背景下,把培养高素质、高水平的专业性人才作为教育方向。通过对生物化学实验教学改革进行研究,完善教学实验内容,采用多样的教学手段以及建立全面化的教学管理模式,来提高学生的创新能力。不仅充分地体现以学生为主体,而且使教师和学生互相促进,是“双一流”背景下发展高素质人才和提高高校教学质量的重要举措。

关键词： Circular Dichroism   Galactosidase   Glycosidase   Kinetics   Surface Plasmon Resonance   RAFFINOSE FAMILY OLIGOSACCHARIDES   AJUGA-REPTANS L   TRANSGLYCOSYLATION ACTIVITY   RHIZOMUCOR-MIEHEI   CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE   MELON FRUIT   HYDROLYSIS   LECTIN   METABOLISM   PROTEINS  

摘要： Alpha galactosidase is an exoglycosidase that cleaves alpha-D-galactose and has numerous applications in medicine, biotechnology, food and pharma industries. In this study, a low molecular weight acidic alpha-galactosidase was identified from the seeds of custard apple. The purification of alpha-galactosidase from the crude extract of defatted seeds was achieved by employing ammonium sulphate fractionation, hydrophobic interaction and gel filtration chromatographic techniques. The purified custard apple alpha-galactosidase (CaG) migrated as a single band in native PAGE corresponding tomolecular weight of similar to 67 kDa and cleaved chromogenic, fluorogenic and natural substrates. CaGwas found to be a heterodimer with subunit masses of 40 and 30 kDa. The kinetic parameters such as KM and Vmax were found to be 0.67 mMand 1.5 U/mg respectively with p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside. Galactose, methyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside and D-galacturonic acid inhibited CaG activity inmixed mode. The CD spectral analysis at far UV region showed that purified CaG exists predominantly as helix (35%), beta sheets (16.3%) and random coils (32.3%) in its secondary structure. These biochemical and biophysical properties of CaG provide leads to understand its primary sequence and glycan structures which will eventually define its novel physiological roles in plants and potential industrial applications. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： 食品安全学实验   在线教学   教学模式  

摘要： 新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的爆发,影响了正常的线下授课,全国高校纷纷响应号召,实行在线教学工作,以保证学生的学习进度和学习质量。以上海海洋大学“食品安全学实验”课程在线教学模式为例,探讨在线教学的形式与效果,分析在线教学过程中存在的问题,并提出相应的改进措施。实践证明,在线教学取得了良好的教学效果。为在线教学工作积累了经验,也为今后的线上线下教学工作提供借鉴。

关键词： 案例教学法   临床生物化学检验技术   教学效果  

摘要： “临床生物化学检验技术”阐述人体各系统疾病的临床生物化学实验室的检测项目、检测方法及临床意义,与临床疾病密切关联.由于传统讲授教学专注于理论讲授,而忽略与临床实践的结合,导致效果不佳.笔者尝试采用案例教学法,发现不仅能调动学生的学习兴趣,活跃课堂气氛,还能提高学生解决问题的能力以及临床思维能力,并取得较好的教学效果.现就案例教学法在“临床生物化学检验技术”教学中的实施方法,成效和不足进行探讨,为案例教学法在医学课程中的应用和推广提供依据.