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关键词： Forsythiaside A   Hepatoprotection   Acetaminophen   Liver injury   Network pharmacology  

摘要： Ethnopharmacological relevance: Forsythiae Fructus, the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine and possesses various pharmacological activities, including anti inflammation, anti-oxidant and liver protection. Aim of the study: Although acetaminophen (APAP) has been frequently used for its antipyretic and analgesic effects, it leads to liver injury at an overdose or long-term medication. Forsythiaside A (FA), the principal active component of Forsythiae Fructus, exerts prominent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. However, the protective property and underlying mechanism of FA against APAP challenge have not yet been elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to explore the hepatoprotective effect and action mechanism of FA against APAP-induced liver injury in zebrafish. Materials and methods: In this study, liver-specific transgenic zebrafish larvae (lfabp: EGFP) were used to investigate the protective effect of FA against overdose APAP exposure. The liver phenotype, morphological and biochemical assessments were carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of FA. Network pharmacology and molecular docking study were conducted to analyze the potential targets of FA in the treatment of APAPinduced liver injury. Finally, the mechanism of action was verified by reverse transcription quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: The liver phenotype, morphological and biochemical assessments indicated that FA could mitigate APAPtriggered liver injury. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis indicated that the protective effect of FA might be related to the regulation of targets tumor necrosis factor (TNF), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). PCR results confirmed that FA could reverse the progressive alterations of genes involving in extracellular matrix remolding and PI3K/ AKT-mediated

关键词： Citrus phenotypical traits   Real-time retrieval   Leaf and canopy scale   Seasonal dynamics   Physiological informatics   Fruit orchards  

摘要： Remote sensing provides accurate and cost-effective solution to quantify the biophysical and biochemical traits of citrus fruit orchards. Timely information on these traits can be used to design real-time computerized applications for site-specific orchard management, yield estimation, and scheduling precise and proper application of inputs thus growing net returns and optimizing resource utilization. Retrieval of these traits has been playing an important role during the last 30 years with steady improvement in remote sensing platforms and sensors and the techniques and methods forthwith. However, with dense canopy, variable illumination conditions and saturation effects caused by seasonal dynamics of leaf and canopy pigments combined with high year-round leaf density pose challenges for the accurate and precise inference of biophysical and biochemical traits in citrus fruit orchards. Concerning these challenges in the pursuit of earth observation, the present paper aims to provide a comprehensive and in-depth review of the remotely sensed technologies and applications for real-time and state-of-the-science retrieval of biophysical and biochemical traits of citrus fruit orchards. Establishing a database of citrus traits at leaf, canopy and orchard level is very important for future smart agriculture to help farmers for site-specific orchard management, plan farm management practices, selection of best cultivars, scheduling precise and proper application of inputs in citrus production paradigm;thus growing net returns and optimize resource utilization. Technical methods for different levels of remote sensing acquisition have also been elaborated highlighting the current situation of citrus traits acquired by remote sensing.

关键词： Cut flower   Vase life   Calotropis   Antibacterial   Enzyme activity  

摘要： Gladiolus is among the most versatile cut flowers and available in an array of colors. However, it has a relatively short vase life, associated with increased postharvest losses and decreased quality. Commercially, synthetic chemicals are applied to enhance its postharvest vase life, but in general they are not environmentally friendly. The current research aimed to evaluate whether natural plant extracts can serve as effective preservatives to extend the postharvest vase life of gladiolus spikes. There is no record in the literature of the use of leaf extract of Calotropis procera as a vase-life extender for cut flowers, though its leaf extract has been shown to have antimicrobial, antioxidant and insecticidal activity. In contrast, leaf extract of Moringa sp. and Mentha sp. are commonly known to extend the vase life. The leaf extracts of Moringa olifera, Mentha piperita and Calotropis procera at 2 and 4 % were used in holding solutions to compare their effects on vase life, physiological and metabolic activities of gladiolus cut spikes. In current results, Calotropis procera leaf extract (CPLE) at 2 % exhibited maximum vase life up to 14.50 days, open florets (64 %) and RFW (40 %) in comparison to Moringa olifera leaf extract (MOLE) and Mentha piperita leaf extract (MPLE). Similarly, maximum RWC (41 %), MSI (30 %), and CAT (66 %), POX (74 %), SOD (57 %) and reduced bacterial count (64 %) was also recorded in 2 % CPLE than MOLE and MPLE over untreated spikes. The cut spikes preserved in 2 % MOLE described maximum Chl a, (71 %), Chl b (64 %) and Car (49 %) contents than CPLE. Hence, CPLE at 2 % appears to be an effective natural preservative to prolong the vase life of gladiolus cut spikes.

关键词： Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme   Functional food   Antioxidant activity   Sensory analysis   Postharvest quality  

摘要： The choice of promising parents represents a crucial step in developing improved cultivars in breeding programs for mini-tomatoes-highly demanded miniature vegetables. The association of non-sensory and sensory features of fruit greatly enhances the generation of cultivars that meet the expectations of the productive and commercial chain of tomatoes, focusing on diverse market niches. Thus, in this study, five genotypes of mini-tomatoes were characterized based on physical, biochemical, and sensory attributes. The genetic material encompasses four cultivars (BRS Iracema, BRS Zamir, Irai, and Sweet Heaven) and one landrace (UEL 238). The fruit were characterized by their dimension, color, firmness, soluble solids content, acidity, vitamin C, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. In the sensorial test, 109 participants, including 27 chefs, evaluated the shape, size, color, aroma, flavor, texture, and overall liking of the fruit. The cultivar Sweet Heaven, with an oblong red fruit, brought together the main desirable physical traits, such as greater mass, pericarp thickness, firmness, and soluble solids content;while BRS Zamir presented superior values for biochemical characteristics, such as total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. Despite the lesser appreciation of the landrace UEL 238, all genotypes were accepted by consumers, especially BRS Iracema (round red fruit), followed by Irai (oblong yellow fruit). The characterized mini-tomatoes may be explored in breeding programs as promising parents to combine desirable sensory attributes with the highest nutraceutical quality, resulting in superior cultivars that have been increasingly demanded on the market.

关键词： Abiotic stress   Antioxidant system   Hydroponics   Strawberry   Water quality  

摘要： Plant stress caused by alkalinity in irrigation water can significantly limit the growth and development of plants. Emerging evidence suggests that hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as a versatile signal molecule, can ameliorate stress-induced adverse effects. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) application on growth, fruit yield and biochemical responses of strawberry plants exposed to alkalinity stress under greenhouse conditions. Strawberry plants were grown hydroponically under three levels (0, 15 and 30 mM) of alkalinity stress (induced using sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate) along with three levels of foliar application (0, 0.2 and 0.5 mM) of the H2S donor, NaHS. The results showed that compared to the control conditions, alkalinity stress reduced plant biomass, fruit yield, maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and chlorophyll SPAD value. Oxidative stress was induced, which was measured, as accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). On the other hand, when alkalinity stress was mitigated with the application of NaHS, the recovery of photosynthetic activity, a decrease in ROS and an improvement in antioxidative defense system were observed. Overall, NaHS treatments had the best results on lower level (15 mM) of alkalinity stress compared to the 30 mM alkalinity stress. These findings indicate possible role for H2S for improving strawberry plant growth and yield under non-stress conditions and moderate alkalinity stress.

关键词： Annonaceae   Anti-hyperprolactinemia   Chlorpromazine   Prolactin   Tubule-alveolar   Uvaria chamae  

摘要： Ethnopharamcological relevance: The age-long folkloric use of Uvaria chamae roots in the management of nipple discharge that is not related to pregnancy, childbirth or nursing but as a result of excessive production of prolactin (hyperprolactinemia) is yet to be substantiated with scientific data. Aim of the study: This study investigated the anti-hyperprolactinemic activities of aqueous extract of Uvaria chamae roots (AEUCR) and associated biochemical changes in chlorpromazine (CPZ)-induced hyperprolactinemic female Wistar rats. Materials and methods: A total of sixty female rats (207.40 +/- 2.69 g) were assigned into 6 groups: A-F. Animals in Group A received 0.5 ml of distilled water only whilst the 7 days CPZ-treated female rats (to induce hyperprolactinemia) in groups B, C, D, E, and F also received distilled water, 2.5 mg/kg body weight of bromocriptine (reference drug), 0.71, 1.41 2.83 mg/kg body weight of AEUCR for 28 days. Results: AEUCR contained a total of 15 (75%) amino acids with seven (46.67%) being essential amino acids and eight (53.33%) as non-essential amino acids. Administration of CPZ increased (p < 0.05) the levels of prolactin and testosterone, and reduced (p < 0.05) the levels of estradiol, progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), dopamine, triiodothymnine (T-3) and tetraiodothyroxine (T-4). Chlorpromazine also increased the levels of serum urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, globulin, bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of the animals. In contrast, AEUCR significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the CPZ-induced increases in the levels of prolactin and testosterone, and increased the levels of CPZ-induced reduction in the progesterone, estradiol, FSH, LH, dopamine, T-3 and T-4. The AEUCR also reversed (p < 0.05) the CPZ-induced related increases in the levels of urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, globulin, bilirubin, ALT, AST and ALP s

关键词： Wastewater treatment plant   Modeling   M5 model tree   Wastewater qualitative parameters   Artificial neural network  

摘要： Controlling environmental factors are one way to prevent environmental degradation. Wastewater treatment plants are the systems that can help the health of the industry and the environment if they function properly. If monitoring and evaluation are not done on these systems, they can have environmental impacts. In these systems, bringing the product to the standard level can be interpreted as cleaner production. To reduce the costs of monitoring, wastewater treatment processes, mathematical, statistical, and other simulators should be used to manage wastewater treatment systems. Due to the complexity of biological processes and the advancement of database methods, the artificial neural network (ANN) and M5 model tree were used to model the biochemical oxygen demand in a water sample during the period of 5 days at a temperature of 20 degrees C to degrade the water contents aerobically (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) parameters of wastewater effluents from the treatment plant. The data mining models (ANN, M5 model tree) were applied to the wastewater treatment plant of Ramin thermal power covering 3 years (2013e2015) daily dataset. The appropriate architecture of the ANN and M5 model tree was determined through several steps of training and testing of the models. Statistical indicators were used to evaluate the models and the uncertainty of the models was checked. Results showed that ANN (with the coefficient of determination equal to 0.95, 0.95, and 0.97 for BOD5, COD, and TSS, respectively) had better performance than M5 model tree (with the coefficient of determination of 0.88, 0.90, and 0.83 for BOD5, COD, and TSS, respectively). The M5 model tree is tool for describing and analyzing the range of data and expressing how they communicate with each other. Both models showed robustness, reliability, and high generalization capability. Hence, the data mining techniques (ANN and M5 model tree) can be successfully used for environmenta

关键词： Electrochemical analysis   Enzymatic derivatization and sensing   Functionalization   Sample pretreatment   Three-dimensional printing  

摘要： Recent developments in three-dimensional printing (3DP) have attracted the attention of analytical scientists interested in fabricating 3D devices having promising geometric functions to achieve desirable analytical performance. To break through the barrier of limited availability of 3DP materials and to extend the chemical reactivity and functionalities of devices manufactured using conventional 3DP, new approaches are being developed for the functionalization of 3D-printed devices for chemical and biochemical analysis. This Review discusses recent advances in the chemical functionalization schemes used in the main 3DP technologies, including (i) post-printing modification and surface immobilization of reactive substances on printed materials, (ii) pre-printing incorporation of reactive substances into raw printing materials, and (iii) combinations of both strategies, and their effects on the selectivity and/ or sensitivity of related analytical methods. In addition, the state of the art of 3D-printed functionalized analytical devices for enzymatic derivatization and sensing, electrochemical sensing, and sample pretreatment applications are also reviewed, highlighting the importance of introducing new functional and functionalized materials to facilitate future 3DP-enabled manufacturing of multifunctional analytical devices. ? 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Antidepressant activity   Chronic unpredictable mild stress   Protocatechuic acid   Mice neurobiochemical alterations   Oxidative stress  

摘要： Amelioration of oxidative stress via promoting the endogenous antioxidant system and enhancement of mono-amines in brain were the important underlying antidepressant mechanism of protocatechuic acid (PCA). The aim of the present study is to explore the potential antidepressant mechanism(s) PCA in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice. Mice were subjected to CUMS protocol for 4 weeks, and administered with PCA (100 and 200 mg/kg) and fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) for 24 days (from day 8th to 31st). Behavioral (sucrose preference, immobility time, exploratory behavior), and biochemical alterations such as serum corticosterone, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and antioxidants parameters were investigated. Experimental findings revealed that CUMS subjected mice exhibited significant impairment in behavioral alterations, such as increased immobility time, impaired preference to the sucrose solution, BDNF levels and, serum corticosterone, cytokines, malondialdehyde (MDA) formation with impaired antioxidants in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Administration of PCA to CUMS mice attenuated the immobility time, serum corticosterone, cytokines TNF-alpha, and IL-6, MDA formation and improved sucrose preference, including restoration of BDNF level. Thus, the present findings demonstrated the antidepressant potential of PCA which is largely achieved probably through maintaining BDNF level, and by modulation of the oxidative stress response, cytokines systems, and antioxidant defense system in mice.