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关键词： Sesame meal   Peptide   Immunity   Broilers  

摘要： This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effects of bioactive peptides derived from sesame meal (BPSM), avilamycin as an antibiotic and mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) as a prebiotic supplementation on the some serum metabolites, immune response, and ileal nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens. A total of 300 broiler chickens were randomly placed in 6 treatments with 5 replicates of 10 birds each, for 32 days. The experimental treatments consisted of a basal corn-soybean meal or control diet, control diet + 10 mg/kg avilamycin, control diet + 2 gr/kg MOS, control diet + 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg BPSM. According to the results, dietary treatments had no effects on the serum concentration of IgG and IgM (immunity indices), cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and enzyme activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as an index for liver health (P > 0.05). While the blood concentration of albumin increased in broiler chickens fed diet containing 100 mg/kg BPSM (P < 0.05).In nutrient digestibility, addition of 100 mg/kg of BPSM and MOS increased the ileal digestibility coefficients of crude protein and ether extract in broiler chickens (P < 0.05). Likewise, ileal digestibility of vital amino acids including histidine, methionine, and tyrosine improved in broiler chickens, which received 100 mg/kg BPSM diet, while threonine digestibility increased in broilers fed MOS diet (P < 0.05). Body weight gain and food conversion ratio improved (P < 0.05) in the birds received MOS and 100 mg/kg BPSM, respectively. Considering the results of this study, it is concluded that BPSM can be used as a diet supplement in broiler chickens with no negative effect on the immune response and nutrient digestibility.

关键词： Hematology   Biochemistry   Plasmodium berghei   Alstonia boonei   Morinda lucida  

摘要： The present study was undertaken to evaluate the hematological and biochemical effects of the Morinda lucida and Alstonia boonei in Nigerian traditional medicine for treatment of malaria. The hematological and biochemical activities of the plants against established Plasmodium berghei NK65 infection was evaluated in mice treated with extracts of Morinda lucida, Alstonia boonei, combined recipe of the plant extracts at graded doses of 400, 600, 800 mg/kg and chloroquine (a standard drug) at 10 mg/kg. The hematological results obtained after 12 days post infection showed that the white blood cell counts of mice treated with 400 mg/kg of Morinda lucida and 800 mg/kg of Alstonia boonei are significantly higher compared to the untreated group, chloroquine treated and negative control groups. Also the mean value of hemoglobin per red blood cell is low in infected mice treated with Alstonia boonei at 400 mg/kg and the combined recipe of plant extracts at 400 mg/kg compared to other groups such as the group treated with combined recipe of plant extracts at 800 mg/kg and the control group. The biochemical test showed significant increase in mean level of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total protein and albumin of all the treatment groups when compared to the control group. Therefore, the isolation and identification of bioactive compounds from these medicinal plants can be explored for obtaining less toxic and effective antimalarial drug.

关键词： International Child Health   Nutrition   Public Health  

摘要： BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Use of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) as a single screening tool for severe acute malnutrition (SAM) assumes that children with a low weight-for-height z score (WHZ) and normal MUAC have lower risks of morbidity and mortality. However, the pathophysiology and functional severity associated with different anthropometric phenotypes of SAM have never been well characterized. We compared clinical characteristics, biochemical features, and health and nutrition histories of nonedematous children with SAM who had (1) low WHZ only, (2) both low WHZ and low MUAC, or (3) low MUAC only. METHODS: In Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, and Liberia, we conducted a multicentric cohort study in uncomplicated, nonedematous children with SAM and low MUAC only (n = 161), low WHZ only (n = 138), or a combination of low MUAC and low WHZ (n = 152). Alongside routine anthropometric measurements, we collected a wide range of critical indicators of clinical and nutritional status and viability;these included serum leptin, an adipocytokine negatively associated with mortality risk in SAM. RESULTS: Median leptin levels at diagnosis were lower in children with low WI IZ only (215.8 pg/mL;P < .001) and in those with combined WHZ and MUAC deficits (180.1 pg/mL;P < .001) than in children with low MUAC only (331.50 pg/mL). The same pattern emerged on a wide range of clinical indicators, including signs of severe wasting, dehydration, serum ferritin levels, and caretaker-reported health deterioration, and was replicated across study sites. CONCLUSIONS: Illustrative of the likely heterogeneous functional severity of the different anthropometric phenotypes of SAM, our results confirm the need to retain low WHZ as an independent diagnostic criterion.

关键词： Amino acid   Dehydration   Fatty acid   Growth   Salinity   Seaweed  

摘要： Pyropia is an important marine crop and periodical dehydration could help kill fouling organisms during cultivation. However, our understanding regarding the effects of periodical dehydration on biomass yield and biochemical composition of Pyropia remains very lacking, particularly for thalli grown at different salinities. In this study, Pyropia yezoensis experiencing periodical dehydration or not was cultured at four levels of salinities (17, 25, 32, 39 psu) for 19 days. The highest growth rate was found at salinity 25 psu and lowest was at salinity 39 psu. Dehydration reduced relative growth rate at each salinity except for the insignificant decrease at 39 psu. Dehydration did not affect the maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and the highest salinity decreased it slightly. Dehydration induced more Chl a and carotenoids and highest Chl a content was found at salinity 39 psu. Dehydration did not affect phycoerythrin or phycocyanin content at salinities 25-39 psu but respectively increased them by 28% and 50% at salinity 17 psu. Dehydration did not affect content of any amino acid while salinity interacted with dehydration on most amino acids. The optimal salinity for the production of total amino acids (AA),essential AA, umami AA, and sweet AA was 25 psu for the thalli without dehydration;while it shifted to 17 psu for the thalli with dehydration. Dehydration and salinity interacted on content of the fatty acids C12, C18:1(n-9), C18:2(n-6), and C20:2(n-6). For the synthesis of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in thalli without dehydration, the optimal salinity was 39 psu, but the effect of salinity disappeared when thalli experienced periodical dehydration. These findings show the interactive effects of periodical dehydration and salinity on biomass yield and biochemical composition in P. yezoensis and provide insights into optimizing conditions for nori cultivation.

关键词： Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides   Ischemia/reperfusion   Neuroprotection   Spinal cord  

摘要： OBJECTIVE: Inflammation and oxidative stress are 2 important factors in the emergence of paraplegia associated with spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCIRI) after thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. Here it is aimed to investigate the effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLPS) on SCIRI. METHODS: Rats were randomly selected into 4 groups of 8 animals each: sham, ischemia, methylprednisolone, and GLPS. To research the impacts of various pathways that are efficacious in formation of SCIRI, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase levels, and catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities, malondialdehyde levels, and caspase-3 activity were measured in tissues taken from the spinal cord of rats in all groups killed 24 hours after ischemia reperfusion injury. The Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan locomotor scale and inclined plane test were used for neurologic assessment before and after SCIRI. In addition, histologic and ultrastructural analyses of tissue samples in all groups were performed. RESULTS: SCIRI also caused marked increase in tissue tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde levels, and caspase-3 activity, because of inflammation, increased free radical generation, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis, respectively. On the other hand, SCIRI caused significant reduction in tissue superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities. Pretreatment with GLPS likewise diminished the level of the spinal cord edema, inflammation, and tissue injury shown by pathologic and ultrastructural examination. Pretreatment with GLPS reversed all these biochemical changes and improved the altered neurologic status. CONCLUSIONS: These outcomes propose that pretreatment with GLPS prevents progression of SCIRI by alleviating inflammation, oxidation, and apoptosis.c

关键词： Bioimpedance spectroscopy   Body composition   Muscle function   Nutritional status   Pancreatic surgery   Perioperative  

摘要： Background & aims: The complex nature of pancreatic operation makes it a high-risk and technically demanding major abdominal procedure, resulting in early pathophysiological alterations. This study aims to observe changes in body composition, muscle function and biochemical values in patients during the early postoperative days (PODs) following pancreaticoduodenectomy or total pancreatectomy. Methods: Assessment of body composition by bioimpedance spectroscopy, muscle function by peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and maximum handgrip strength (HGS), and biochemical values were measured in patients the day before surgery and on PODs 3, 6 and 9. Results: Significant changes occurred among 34 patients on POD 3 in body weight +2.3 (0.8-3.6) kg, total body water +2.8 (1.1-5.9) L, extracellular water +2.5 (1.2-3.7) L, intracellular water +1.1 (-0.4 -1.9) L, phase angle -1.0 (-1.2 to -0.7)degrees, PEFR -250.0 (-407.5 to -125.0) L/m and HGS -4.8 (-7.3 to -3.0) kg, C-reactive protein +78.0 (41.0-102.8) mg/L, haemoglobin -34.5 (-45.8 to -26.0) g/L, albumin -12 (-16.5 to -10.0) g/L. Conclusions: Changes in water distribution, phase angle, initial reduced muscle function and altered biochemical values were observed during the first 9 PODs. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.

关键词： Crassostrea gigas   Biomarkers   Chemical contamination   Physiology   Excretion   Metabolism  

摘要： Aquaculture activities are often established in the vicinity of highly populated, potentially contaminated areas. Animals cultured at such locations, namely bivalves, are frequently used as test organisms in ecotoxicological testing. In this case, a period of depuration is required to allow the normalization of physiological processes, which are likely to be altered after exposure to a multiplicity of waterborne contaminants occurring in the wild. One of the most important species in modern marine aquaculture is the oyster species Crassostrea gigas. The aim of this study was to assess if the current depuration time frame of 24 h (adopted by most aquaculture facilities), is long enough to permit oysters to revert potential toxic effects exerted by environmental contaminants, allowing their use in laboratory-based ecotoxicological studies. The selected approach involved the monitoring of biochemical (antioxidant defence, oxidative damage, phase II metabolism, and neurological homeostasis) and physiological (condition index) parameters, along a period of 42 days. The obtained results showed that a period of 24 h does not revert any of the potential toxic effects caused by environmental contaminants to which animals may have been previously subjected;even a period of 42 days was not long enough for the oysters to completely normalize the levels of their antioxidant defences, namely total GPx activity, which increased over time. Lipid peroxidation was also increased during the depuration period, and the activity of the metabolic isoenzymes GSTs was significantly decreased. Furthermore, AChE activity measured in the adductor muscle of oysters was increased over time. These assumptions suggest that a period of depuration longer than 24 h is mandatory to obtain adequate test organisms of this oyster species, to be used for ecotoxicological testing purposes.

关键词： Bread   Organic acid   Minerals   Volatile components   Anti-inflammation  

摘要： Khambir is a leavened staple food among the native highlanders of Western Himalaya. It is prepared by sourdough fermentation of wheat flour with yeast (YAK) or buttermilk (BAK). Both types of bread were rich in carbohydrate, protein, dietary fiber, containing less fat and gluten, and enriched with lactic acid, vitamins, and minerals. The in vitro digestibility test showed a slow glucose-controlled release potential of khambir that reflected improved content of rapidly digestible starch, slowly digestible starch, resistant starch, and predicted glycemic index. The changes of crystallinity to amorphous structures of starch, content of protein and fatty acid, and accumulation of 17 major metabolites were evaluated through FTIR and GC-MS. The extracts of khambir alleviated cold-induced gastric ulcers in the animal model as it exhibited histopmtective and anti-inflammatory activities. This study demonstrated that the traditional leavened bread khambir is nutritious and can alleviate gastric lesions related to acute mountain sickness.

关键词： Cows   ketosis   lipid profile   liver enzymes   serum cholesterol   serum triglyceride  

摘要： Forty cows suffered from ketosis at post-parturient period were used in the current study together with 10 healthy cows who served as a control. Blood samples were collected from diseased and healthy animals and the harvested serum were used for determination of biochemical, the profiles of lipids and liver enzymes. The obtained results declared that serum insulin had highly significant decrease (P < 0.01) in group C (5.02 +/- 0.46 mu IU/ml), also there was a highly significant decrease in serum cortisol (P < 0.01) of both A and B groups (3.74 +/- 0.15 and 3.98 +/- 0.14 ng/ml), as compared to healthy cows (5.39 +/- 0.27 ng/ml). The values of serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride and serum total lipids were significantly increased (P < 0.01) in groups A, B and C 146.54 +/- 7.71, 153.22 +/- 6.04 and 150.50 +/- 6.02 mg/dl;74.85 +/- 0.95, 76.43 +/- 1.85 and 80.05 +/- 4.68 mg/dl and 271.31 +/- 4.34, 281.76 +/- 3.50 and 266.64 +/- 4.26 mg/dl, respectively;also, the values of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were highly significantly increased (P < 0.01) in ketotic cows of groups A, B and C (94.13 +/- 1.05, 94.42 +/- 1.29 and 88.30 +/- 88.30 +/- 3.44 IU/L, respectively, and 57.07 +/- 3.97, 54.29 +/- 4.40 and 64.20 +/- 4.70 IU/L, respectively). There was a highly significant decrease (P < 0.01) in serum calcium of groups A, B and C (7.20 +/- 0.23, 7.15 +/- 0.14 and 8.95 +/- 0.33 mg/dl, respectively).

关键词： Gene   goat   haplotype   SOD3   stress  

摘要： The foremost reaction of animals under thermal stress is increase in respiration rate, rectal temperature and heart rate which directly affects feed intake thereby, reduces growth rate, milk yield, reproductive performance, and even death in extreme cases. In the present study polymorphism in SOD3 gene was identified and their relation with physiological vital parameters like rectal temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, pulse rate and respiration rate alongwith biochemical parameters like serum levels of albumin, bilirubin, total proteins, creatinine, urea, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, asparate aminotransferase (AST) and ALT was estimated during heat stress. Temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated for different regions and statistical analysis was performed to find out any association of THI with physiological vital parameters and biochemical parameters. The higher value of physiological vital parameters indicated that heat stress may be the most probable cause for such significant difference. The haplotypes were identified after PCR amplification and sequencing of the SOD3 gene. The CGC and CAA haplotypes showed lower values of physiological vital parameters making these haplotypes to be more heat tolerant than others. The study of biochemical parameters revealed the similar results establishing superior heat tolerance capacity in CGC and CAA haplotypes.