课程文献中心 更多>>

关键词： Silver ions   Oxidative stress   Microstructure   Genetic variation   TOBACCO NICOTIANA-TABACUM   OXIDATIVE STRESS   ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA   MOLECULAR RESPONSES   SUBMERGED LEAVES   HEAVY-METALS   NANOPARTICLES   TOXICITY   GREEN   RICE  

摘要： In our research, a series of toxicity tests with the underlying toxic mechanisms were conducted with Trifolium pratense L. (red clover). After a different silver exposing time (e.g., 1 d, 3 d, and 8 d), noticeable alterations had occurred in root elongation, photosynthetic pigments, ion leakage, cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione (GSH), and ascorbate (AsA) assays. On average, the root tissues of red clover retained on approximately 84.59 % of the total Ag absorbed as a tolerance strategy to Ag+ stress. Ultrastructural damages in morphological characteristics were observed and speculated to be related to severe free radical attack induced by Ag+ and argentiferous NPs synthesis in vivo. Whole genome resequencing detected 1, 900, 266 and 1, 996, 263 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and 868, 643 and 924, 957 insertions and deletions (InDels) for the two experimental plants (i.e., 4-day treated and 8-day treated) compared to controls. In addition, genomic resequencing data revealed structural variations (SVs) and copy number variations (CNVs) in experimental groups under Ag+ stress. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis for genes containing SNVs indicated that their molecular functions were mostly related to DNA binding transcription factor activity. These findings might provide a critical insight into the regulatory pathways of Ag+ affected plants.

摘要： According to the results, the CF exhibited substantial variability ranging from 0.084 to 536.3, with a median CF of 2.72 (±2.1) and a mean of 45.0 (±238) for both mosses and peat, which encompass the theoretical CF of 3:1; however, the variance in CF values resulted in significant inconsistencies across species, sites and time. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Antioxidants   G-M-6   Gurez local   Low temperature   Maize   Osmoprotectant   CHILLING TOLERANCE   GENE-EXPRESSION   COLD STRESS   GLYCINE BETAINE   ABIOTIC STRESS   TREHALOSE BIOSYNTHESIS   LIPID-PEROXIDATION   DROUGHT TOLERANCE   SEEDLINGS   ENZYMES  

摘要： Maize, a C-4 sub-tropical crop, possesses higher temperature optima as compared to the C-3 plants. Low temperature (LT) stress confines the growth and productivity of maize. In this context, two maize genotypes, LT tolerant Gurez local and LT susceptible Gujarat-Maize-6 (G-M-6) were analysed in present study for various osmolytes and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes including Ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) besides trehalose biosynthetic pathways. With the progressive LT treatment, Gurez local showed lesser accumulation of stress markers like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde, a significant increase in osmoprotectants like free proline, total protein, total soluble sugars, trehalose, total phenolics and glycine betaine, and a significant reduction in the plant pigments as compared to the G-M-6. Additionally, Gurez local was found to possess a well-established antioxidant defense system as revealed from the elevated transcripts and enzyme activities of various enzymes of AsA-GSH pathway. Higher gene expression and enzyme activities were exhibited by superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase besides the gene expression of trehalose biosynthetic pathway enzymes. Moreover, through principal component analyses, a positive correlation of all analysed parameters with the LT tolerance was noticed in Gurez local alone demarcating the genotypes on the basis of their extent of LT tolerance. Overall, the present study forms the basis for unravelling of LT tolerance mechanisms and improvement in the performance of the temperate maize.

关键词： terpenes   biosynthesis   phytoalexin   insecticidal   allelopathy   SECONDARY METABOLITES   NATURAL-PRODUCTS   NICOTIANA-BENTHAMIANA   DISEASE RESISTANCE   ESSENTIAL OILS   BIOSYNTHESIS   DEFENSE   RICE   SYNTHASE   PHYTOALEXIN  

摘要： Biodiversity is adversely affected by the growing levels of synthetic chemicals released into the environment due to agricultural activities. This has been the driving force for embracing sustainable agriculture. Plant secondary metabolites offer promising alternatives for protecting plants against microbes, feeding herbivores, and weeds. Terpenes are the largest among PSMs and have been extensively studied for their potential as antimicrobial, insecticidal, and weed control agents. They also attract natural enemies of pests and beneficial insects, such as pollinators and dispersers. However, most of these research findings are shelved and fail to pass beyond the laboratory and greenhouse stages. This review provides an overview of terpenes, types, biosynthesis, and their roles in protecting plants against microbial pathogens, insect pests, and weeds to rekindle the debate on using terpenes for the development of environmentally friendly biopesticides and herbicides.

关键词： Sesame meal   Peptide   Immunity   Broilers  

摘要： This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effects of bioactive peptides derived from sesame meal (BPSM), avilamycin as an antibiotic and mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) as a prebiotic supplementation on the some serum metabolites, immune response, and ileal nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens. A total of 300 broiler chickens were randomly placed in 6 treatments with 5 replicates of 10 birds each, for 32 days. The experimental treatments consisted of a basal corn-soybean meal or control diet, control diet + 10 mg/kg avilamycin, control diet + 2 gr/kg MOS, control diet + 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg BPSM. According to the results, dietary treatments had no effects on the serum concentration of IgG and IgM (immunity indices), cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and enzyme activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as an index for liver health (P > 0.05). While the blood concentration of albumin increased in broiler chickens fed diet containing 100 mg/kg BPSM (P < 0.05).In nutrient digestibility, addition of 100 mg/kg of BPSM and MOS increased the ileal digestibility coefficients of crude protein and ether extract in broiler chickens (P < 0.05). Likewise, ileal digestibility of vital amino acids including histidine, methionine, and tyrosine improved in broiler chickens, which received 100 mg/kg BPSM diet, while threonine digestibility increased in broilers fed MOS diet (P < 0.05). Body weight gain and food conversion ratio improved (P < 0.05) in the birds received MOS and 100 mg/kg BPSM, respectively. Considering the results of this study, it is concluded that BPSM can be used as a diet supplement in broiler chickens with no negative effect on the immune response and nutrient digestibility.

关键词： Hematology   Biochemistry   Plasmodium berghei   Alstonia boonei   Morinda lucida   EXTRACT   TOXICITY  

摘要： The present study was undertaken to evaluate the hematological and biochemical effects of the Morinda lucida and Alstonia boonei in Nigerian traditional medicine for treatment of malaria. The hematological and biochemical activities of the plants against established Plasmodium berghei NK65 infection was evaluated in mice treated with extracts of Morinda lucida, Alstonia boonei, combined recipe of the plant extracts at graded doses of 400, 600, 800 mg/kg and chloroquine (a standard drug) at 10 mg/kg. The hematological results obtained after 12 days post infection showed that the white blood cell counts of mice treated with 400 mg/kg of Morinda lucida and 800 mg/kg of Alstonia boonei are significantly higher compared to the untreated group, chloroquine treated and negative control groups. Also the mean value of hemoglobin per red blood cell is low in infected mice treated with Alstonia boonei at 400 mg/kg and the combined recipe of plant extracts at 400 mg/kg compared to other groups such as the group treated with combined recipe of plant extracts at 800 mg/kg and the control group. The biochemical test showed significant increase in mean level of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total protein and albumin of all the treatment groups when compared to the control group. Therefore, the isolation and identification of bioactive compounds from these medicinal plants can be explored for obtaining less toxic and effective antimalarial drug.

关键词： WEIGHT-FOR-HEIGHT   UPPER-ARM-CIRCUMFERENCE   MALNOURISHED CHILDREN   HIGHER MORTALITY   NUTRITION   BIOMARKERS   POLICY  

摘要： BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Use of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) as a single screening tool for severe acute malnutrition (SAM) assumes that children with a low weight-for-height z score (WHZ) and normal MUAC have lower risks of morbidity and mortality. However, the pathophysiology and functional severity associated with different anthropometric phenotypes of SAM have never been well characterized. We compared clinical characteristics, biochemical features, and health and nutrition histories of nonedematous children with SAM who had (1) low WHZ only, (2) both low WHZ and low MUAC, or (3) low MUAC only. METHODS: In Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, and Liberia, we conducted a multicentric cohort study in uncomplicated, nonedematous children with SAM and low MUAC only (n = 161), low WHZ only (n = 138), or a combination of low MUAC and low WHZ (n = 152). Alongside routine anthropometric measurements, we collected a wide range of critical indicators of clinical and nutritional status and viability; these included serum leptin, an adipocytokine negatively associated with mortality risk in SAM. RESULTS: Median leptin levels at diagnosis were lower in children with low WI IZ only (215.8 pg/mL; P < .001) and in those with combined WHZ and MUAC deficits (180.1 pg/mL; P < .001) than in children with low MUAC only (331.50 pg/mL). The same pattern emerged on a wide range of clinical indicators, including signs of severe wasting, dehydration, serum ferritin levels, and caretaker-reported health deterioration, and was replicated across study sites. CONCLUSIONS: Illustrative of the likely heterogeneous functional severity of the different anthropometric phenotypes of SAM, our results confirm the need to retain low WHZ as an independent diagnostic criterion.

关键词： Amino acid   Dehydration   Fatty acid   Growth   Salinity   Seaweed   CYCLIC ELECTRON FLOW   DESICCATION TOLERANCE   AMINO-ACID   BANGIALES   MACROALGAE   ACIDIFICATION   CAROTENOIDS   HAITANENSIS   TEMPERATURE   RHODOPHYTA  

摘要： Pyropia is an important marine crop and periodical dehydration could help kill fouling organisms during cultivation. However, our understanding regarding the effects of periodical dehydration on biomass yield and biochemical composition of Pyropia remains very lacking, particularly for thalli grown at different salinities. In this study, Pyropia yezoensis experiencing periodical dehydration or not was cultured at four levels of salinities (17, 25, 32, 39 psu) for 19 days. The highest growth rate was found at salinity 25 psu and lowest was at salinity 39 psu. Dehydration reduced relative growth rate at each salinity except for the insignificant decrease at 39 psu. Dehydration did not affect the maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and the highest salinity decreased it slightly. Dehydration induced more Chl a and carotenoids and highest Chl a content was found at salinity 39 psu. Dehydration did not affect phycoerythrin or phycocyanin content at salinities 25-39 psu but respectively increased them by 28% and 50% at salinity 17 psu. Dehydration did not affect content of any amino acid while salinity interacted with dehydration on most amino acids. The optimal salinity for the production of total amino acids (AA),essential AA, umami AA, and sweet AA was 25 psu for the thalli without dehydration; while it shifted to 17 psu for the thalli with dehydration. Dehydration and salinity interacted on content of the fatty acids C12, C18:1(n-9), C18:2(n-6), and C20:2(n-6). For the synthesis of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in thalli without dehydration, the optimal salinity was 39 psu, but the effect of salinity disappeared when thalli experienced periodical dehydration. These findings show the interactive effects of periodical dehydration and salinity on biomass yield and biochemical composition in P. yezoensis and provide insights into optimizing conditions for nori cultivation.

关键词： Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides   Ischemia/reperfusion   Neuroprotection   Spinal cord   NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE   ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION INJURY   SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE   CELL-DEATH   PARAPLEGIA   INDUCTION   APOPTOSIS   METHYLPREDNISOLONE   EXPRESSION   PROTECTION  

摘要： OBJECTIVE: Inflammation and oxidative stress are 2 important factors in the emergence of paraplegia associated with spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCIRI) after thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. Here it is aimed to investigate the effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLPS) on SCIRI. METHODS: Rats were randomly selected into 4 groups of 8 animals each: sham, ischemia, methylprednisolone, and GLPS. To research the impacts of various pathways that are efficacious in formation of SCIRI, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase levels, and catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities, malondialdehyde levels, and caspase-3 activity were measured in tissues taken from the spinal cord of rats in all groups killed 24 hours after ischemia reperfusion injury. The Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan locomotor scale and inclined plane test were used for neurologic assessment before and after SCIRI. In addition, histologic and ultrastructural analyses of tissue samples in all groups were performed. RESULTS: SCIRI also caused marked increase in tissue tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde levels, and caspase-3 activity, because of inflammation, increased free radical generation, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis, respectively. On the other hand, SCIRI caused significant reduction in tissue superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities. Pretreatment with GLPS likewise diminished the level of the spinal cord edema, inflammation, and tissue injury shown by pathologic and ultrastructural examination. Pretreatment with GLPS reversed all these biochemical changes and improved the altered neurologic status. CONCLUSIONS: These outcomes propose that pretreatment with GLPS prevents progression of SCIRI by alleviating inflammation, oxidation, and apoptosis.c

关键词： Bioimpedance spectroscopy   Body composition   Muscle function   Nutritional status   Pancreatic surgery   Perioperative   BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY   INTERNATIONAL STUDY-GROUP   BIOIMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY   PHASE-ANGLE   MALNUTRITION   PANCREATICODUODENECTOMY   DEFINITION   BIS  

摘要： Background & aims: The complex nature of pancreatic operation makes it a high-risk and technically demanding major abdominal procedure, resulting in early pathophysiological alterations. This study aims to observe changes in body composition, muscle function and biochemical values in patients during the early postoperative days (PODs) following pancreaticoduodenectomy or total pancreatectomy. Methods: Assessment of body composition by bioimpedance spectroscopy, muscle function by peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and maximum handgrip strength (HGS), and biochemical values were measured in patients the day before surgery and on PODs 3, 6 and 9. Results: Significant changes occurred among 34 patients on POD 3 in body weight +2.3 (0.8-3.6) kg, total body water +2.8 (1.1-5.9) L, extracellular water +2.5 (1.2-3.7) L, intracellular water +1.1 (-0.4 -1.9) L, phase angle -1.0 (-1.2 to -0.7)degrees, PEFR -250.0 (-407.5 to -125.0) L/m and HGS -4.8 (-7.3 to -3.0) kg, C-reactive protein +78.0 (41.0-102.8) mg/L, haemoglobin -34.5 (-45.8 to -26.0) g/L, albumin -12 (-16.5 to -10.0) g/L. Conclusions: Changes in water distribution, phase angle, initial reduced muscle function and altered biochemical values were observed during the first 9 PODs. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.