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关键词： Sardine   Maruca   Fesseikh   Mugel   Moloha   Water activity   Staphylococcus   Lactobacillus   QUALITY   MUSCLE  

摘要： Salted fish products provide essential nutrients and make a significant contribution to nutrition. Chemical composition, water activity (a(w)), sodium chloride content, pH, and microbiological analysis of five different salted fish products originating from Egypt and Spain were investigated. Chemical quality parameters such as free fatty acids (FFA), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content, trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) content, peroxide value (PV), and thiobarbituric acid value (TBA) were also evaluated. The chemical composition varies greatly among different salted fish types. Analysis of salted fish samples showed high contents of TVB-N and PV, while TBA values of all samples were quite low, indicating the limited formation of secondary lipid oxidation products. The highest FFA value was recorded for Sardine, whereas Maruca recorded the lowest FFA value. Total bacterial count ranged from 3.68 to 6.92, Lactobacillus count 1.08-5.02, yeast and mold counts 0.98-3.78, Staphylococcus count 1.21-5.18, and halophilic bacteria count 2.87-6.35 log(10) CFU/g. No coliforms group was detected in all samples, while enterococci count, with a less than 1.0 log(10) CFU/g, was detected only in Fesseikh, Mugel, and Moloha samples. It could be concluded in the Egyptian and Spanish salted fish, the differences are meaningful, and this might be related to the different geographical origins of fishes and the different manufacturing processes used.

关键词： Genotoxicity   Oxidative stress   Neurotoxicity   Condition index   Clam   PERIPHERAL-BLOOD   CORBICULA-FLUMINEA   DIFFERENT TISSUES   OXIDATIVE STRESS   ZEBRA MUSSEL   COMET ASSAY   CHLORPYRIFOS   GENOTOXICITY   TOXICITY   MARINE  

摘要： Monocrotophos (MCP) is a highly toxic and broad-spectrum pesticide extensively used for agricultural and household purposes. The present study was aimed to evaluate the genotoxicity and alterations in the biochemical and physiological conditions induced by monocrotophos in a non-target organism, an estuarine bivalve, Donax incarnatus. The bivalves were exposed to three sub-lethal concentrations (6.8, 13.7, and 27.45 ppm) of MCP for a period of 72 h. DNA damage was assessed using the comet assay. Oxidative stress was analyzed using catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Neurotoxicity was evaluated using the acetylcholinesterase assay (AChE) and the physiological condition was assessed using the condition index (CI). A significant concentration-dependent increase of DNA damage was observed as well as a decline in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes. However, a decrease in DNA damage was observed with advancing time. A significant decrease of AChE activity and CI was observed in the bivalves exposed to MCP. Positive correlations were also observed between DNA damage and the antioxidant enzymes whereas negative correlations were observed between AChE and the antioxidant enzymes indicating MCP toxicity mediated by oxidative stress.

关键词： prostate cancer   biochemical recurrence   DNA methylation   ADAMTS12   NAALAD2   PRKCB   DNA METHYLATION   BETA-II   GENE   TRANSCRIPTION   PROGRESSION   EXPRESSION   BIOMARKERS   SIGNATURES   PATTERNS   REVEALS  

摘要： The molecular diversity of prostate cancer (PCa) has been demonstrated by recent genome-wide studies, proposing a significant number of different molecular markers. However, only a few of them have been transferred into clinical practice so far. The present study aimed to identify and validate novel DNA methylation biomarkers for PCa diagnosis and prognosis. Microarray-based methylome data of well-characterized cancerous and noncancerous prostate tissue (NPT) pairs was used for the initial screening. Ten protein-coding genes were selected for validation in a set of 151 PCa, 51 NPT, as well as 17 benign prostatic hyperplasia samples. The Prostate Cancer Dataset (PRAD) of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was utilized for independent validation of our findings. Methylation frequencies of ADAMTS12, CCDC181, FILIP1L, NAALAD2, PRKCB, and ZMIZ1 were up to 91% in our study. PCa specific methylation of ADAMTS12, CCDC181, NAALAD2, and PRKCB was demonstrated by qualitative and quantitative means (all p < 0.05). In agreement with PRAD, promoter methylation of these four genes was associated with the transcript down-regulation in the Lithuanian cohort (all p < 0.05). Methylation of ADAMTS12, NAALAD2, and PRKCB was independently predictive for biochemical disease recurrence, while NAALAD2 and PRKCB increased the prognostic power of multivariate models (all p < 0.01). The present study identified methylation of ADAMTS12, NAALAD2, and PRKCB as novel diagnostic and prognostic PCa biomarkers that might guide treatment decisions in clinical practice.

关键词： Neopyropia yezoensis   Ulva prolifera   Growth   Competition   Elevated CO2   Photosynthetic performance   MACROALGA GRACILARIA LEMANEIFORMIS   OCEAN ACIDIFICATION   GREEN-TIDE   ATMOSPHERIC CO2   NUTRIENT-UPTAKE   YELLOW SEA   RESPONSES   CHLOROPHYTA   RHODOPHYTA   ENHANCEMENT  

摘要： The occurrence of various marine macroalgae in the same niche will inevitably lead to interspecific competition due to similar environmental requirements. With the increasing global atmospheric CO2 concentration, the resulting ocean acidification can potentially influence competition among macroalgae in the future. Neopyropia yezoensis (Rhodophyta, formerly Pyropia yezoensis) and the epiphytic alga Ulva prolifera (Chlorophyta) were selected for investigating competition among macroalgae grown under different CO2 conditions. The results showed that when cultured with U. prolifera, N. yezoensis' growth rate was significantly inhibited along with a sharp decrease in net photosynthetic rate. Although CO2 decreased the growth rate of N. yezoensis, it enhanced the resistance of the alga to the allelopathic effect of U. prolifera. While no difference was found between U. prolifera grown in monoculture and biculture, strong competitive ability was observed. CO2 could enhance this ability with higher net photosynthetic rate. However, CO2 significantly inhibited the carotenoid synthesis in both plants. This inhibition in N. yezoensis was more pronounced in the presence of U. prolifera. Biculture promoted the accumulation of soluble protein in N. yezoensis while it inhibited the process in U. prolifera. In addition, it enhanced the inhibitory effect of acidification on soluble carbohydrates of both plants. Elevated CO2 levels alleviated the competition between N. yezoensis and U. prolifera, but the latter can become the more competitive epiphytic alga which can impact the future of nori culture.

关键词： Methyl mercury chloride   Oreochromis niloticus   Metallothionein   GPX   GSR   Gene expression  

摘要： Methyl mercury chloride "MMC" (CH3ClHg) is an ubiquitous environmental toxicant that causes a variety of adverse effects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of sub-chronic toxicity of MMC on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) through the evaluation of growth performance and hematological, biochemical, and oxidative stress biomarkers. From 150 healthy fish, five equally sized treatment groups were created: a control (CT) group fed with a basal diet and four MMC treatment groups exposed to 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mg of MMC per kg of basal diet for 60 days. MMC exposure significantly reduced the growth performance and survival of O. niloticus and decreased red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration. Treated fish exhibited normocytic normochromic anemia in addition to leucopenia, lymphopenia, granulocytopenia, and monocytopenia. Moreover, MMC exposure significantly affected liver function, including a reduction in the total protein levels while increasing cholesterol and triglyceride levels. It also markedly increased the production of stress biomarkers such as glucose and cortisol levels. Furthermore, MMC significantly elevated the levels of hepatic enzymes, induced tissue damage, and caused inflammation, as indicated by the upregulation of mRNA expression of hepatic metallothionein. Finally, MMC exposure induced oxidative stress by altering the antioxidant status of the liver and downregulating the mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-reductase. In conclusion, MMC toxicity induced hematological and biochemical alterations, leading to an enhanced state of oxidative stress in O. niloticus.

关键词： Heat shock proteins   Heat tolerance   Molecular markers   Organic osmolytes   Physiological processes   HIGH-TEMPERATURE STRESS   HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS   VITRO POLLEN GERMINATION   GLYCINE BETAINE   RUBISCO ACTIVASE   CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE   PROLINE ACCUMULATION   DROUGHT TOLERANCE   SEED-GERMINATION   GENE-EXPRESSION  

摘要： Improvement in tolerance to stresses, including heat stress, through classical breeding or a biotechnological approach depends on precise selection criteria. The criteria could be morphological characteristics, yield attributes, or physio-biochemical and molecular processes. Classical plant breeders have conducted breeding programs to achieve enhanced stress tolerance or yield often without acquiring a knowledge of the pertinent physiological processes mediating such traits. However, breeding based on yield per se has not been so successful because yield is not a significantly heritable trait. Thus, for a successful breeding program, knowledge of physiobiochemical and molecular processes involved in stress tolerance is indispensable. In this review, various viable physio-biochemical and molecular selection criteria are discussed that could be used by breeders or biotechnologists to improve thermotolerance in important crops. How far these criteria are consistently expressed at different plant phenological stages and how their expression varies between species or between cultivars are also deliberated in the review. This will enable biotechnologists to direct their programs precisely to identify the specific genes and carry out gene editing using advanced viable techniques to achieve enhanced thermotolerance in plants.

关键词： HIGH-FAT-DIET   DROSOPHILA   STORAGE   MOBILIZATION   HOMEOSTASIS   EXPRESSION   BEHAVIOR   PATHWAY   OBESITY   ENERGY  

关键词： Filarial nematodes   Acanthocheilonema spp   CVBDs   Hunting dogs   VECTOR-BORNE PATHOGENS   CANINE FILARIAL INFECTIONS   DIROFILARIA-IMMITIS INFECTION   HEARTWORM-DISEASE   RED FOXES   EPIDEMIOLOGIC ASPECTS   LEISHMANIA-INFANTUM   MOLECULAR-DETECTION   VULPES-VULPES   STRAY DOGS  

摘要： Acanthocheilonema reconditum is a filarial parasite transmitted by arthropods (fleas, lice, and ticks) that infect dogs. There is minimal published data available to date on potential haematological and biochemical changes associated with this parasitic infection. Study aims were (i) provide an overview of A. reconditum in Europe, (ii) define A. reconditum prevalence and risk factors in a specific dog population (hunting) from southern Italy, and (iii) assess the frequency of haemato-biochemical abnormalities associated with infection. Blood samples collected from 3020 dogs were tested by a modified Knott's technique to count and identify microfilariae. Eighty-four dogs were infected by A. reconditum (2.78%; 95% CI 2.19-3.37%). Microfilariae ranged from 1 to 212/ml. Based on clinical examination, all but six dogs with non-specific symptoms were healthy. Haematological abnormalities included leucocytosis (n = 15), with eosinophilia (n = 14) and monocytosis (n = 13). Serum biochemical abnormalities included increased total serum proteins (n = 19), albumins (n = 7), total globulins (n = 14), ALT (n = 1), and ALP (n = 1); one dog was hypoalbuminemic, and BUN was mildly increased in 2 dogs. Risk factors included the province origin (Napoli, OR=5.4, 95%CI: 2.1-14.0; Caserta, OR=5.1, 95%CI: 2.5-10.6), hunting wild mammals (OR=2.8, 95% 95%CI: 1.6-4.8), and ectoparasite infestation (OR=1.9, 95%CI: 1.1-3.1). There was a negative correlation between microfilaraemic load and decreased albumin level (-0.37; p=0.021). Our results showed that A. reconditum circulates within the hunting dog population of southern Italy, with seemingly low pathogenic potential.

关键词： Bay Islands   Ethno-botany   Fatty acid composition   Myristicaceae   Total phenolic content  

摘要： Key message Wild nutmeg species could be utilized as a source of fatty acids like the cultivated nutmeg. Myristicaceae is a tropical family, the members of which are utilized for medicinal properties in their native regions. Myristica fragrans is a species commercially exploited as a spice and medicine worldwide, while most of its allied species are yet to be studied in detail. In present study, three species viz. Horsfieldia glabra, Knema andamanica and Myristica andamanica were compared with the commercial nutmeg morphologically and biochemically to identify their utilization potential. Distinct variations were observed for seed morphological parameters among these species and seed dimensions were found to be the maximum in seeds of M. andamanica. Extraction yield varied significantly with solvent in H. glabra, K. andamanica and M. fragrans. Higher total phenolic content was recorded in methanolic extracts than acetone extracts in all the species and methanolic extract of M. andamanica had the highest total phenolic content (6.54 mg/g GAE). Seeds of all species were rich in saturated fats that varied between 59.4% (H. glabra) and 83.4% (M. andamanica). Methyl tetradecanoate was the most dominant compound in all the species, the content of which varied between 46.87 and 68.84%, while (Z)-9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester and methyl hexadecanoate were the other dominant compounds. Higher quantities of methyl dodecanoate (27.02%) and methyl cis -13-docosenoate (16.97%) were obtained from M. andamanica and H. glabra, respectively, while these compounds were present in minute quantities in other species.