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关键词： Benthic invertebrate   Life cycle   Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry   Fatty acid metabolite   Eicosanoid   Biomarker   Variation  

摘要： Aquatic pollution resulting from anthropogenic activities requires adequate environmental monitoring strategies in sentinel organisms. Thus, biochemical biomarkers have been used as early-warning tools of biological effects in aquatic organisms. However, before using these markers for environmental monitoring, knowledge about their developmental variation is vital. In this study, we assessed baseline levels and developmental variations of a group of potential biomarkers, oxylipins, during the lifespan of the Northern damselfly (Coenagrion hastulatum) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Effects of wastewater exposure on baseline levels were studied in a subset of damselflies to investigate the responsiveness due to anthropogenic pollution. Thirty-eight oxylipins deriving from four polyunsaturated fatty acids via two enzymatic pathways were detected in damselflies at three larval stages and in the adult form. Overall, oxylipin baseline levels showed developmental variation, which was lowest in the intermediate larval stages. Effects of exposure to wastewater effluent on oxylipin baseline levels were dependent on the life stage and were greatest in the early and intermediate larval stages. The study provides first insights into oxylipin profiles of damselflies at different stages of development and their developmental variation. Based on our results, we propose further strategies for incorporating oxylipins in damselfly larvae as biochemical markers for anthropogenic pollution.

关键词： brain   blood-brain barrier   stress   neurodegeneration   POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY   VIVO HUMAN BRAIN   ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS   NEUROVASCULAR UNIT   ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE   BASEMENT-MEMBRANE   P-GLYCOPROTEIN   DRUG-DELIVERY   PERMEABILITY   TRANSPORT  

摘要： Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a structural and functional element of the neurovascular unit (NVU), which includes cells of neuronal, glial, and endothelial nature. The main functions of NVU include maintenance of the control of metabolism and chemical homeostasis in the brain tissue, ensuring adequate blood flow in active regions, regulation of neuroplasticity processes, which is realized through intercellular interactions under normal conditions, under stress, in neurodegeneration, neuroinfection, and neurodevelopmental diseases. Current versions of the BBB and NVU models, static and dynamic, have significantly expanded research capabilities, but a number of issues remain unresolved, in particular, personification of the models for a patient. In addition, application of both static and dynamic models has an important problem associated with the difficulty in reproducing pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the damage of the structural and functional integrity of the barrier in the diseases of the central nervous system. More knowledge on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of BBB and NVU damage in pathology is required to solve this problem. This review discusses current state of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control BBB permeability, pathobiochemical mechanisms and manifestations of BBB breakdown in stress and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the problems and prospects of creating in vitro BBB and NVU models for translational studies in neurology and neuropharmacology. Deciphering BBB (patho)physiology will open up new opportunities for further development in the related areas of medicine such as regenerative medicine, neuropharmacology, and neurorehabilitation.

关键词： Gastric tissue   Diabetes mellitus   Zinc   Glycoprotein   Oxidative stress   OXIDATION PROTEIN PRODUCTS   PARAOXONASE ARYLESTERASE   HUMAN-SERUM   STREPTOZOTOCIN   STRESS   BLOOD   GHRELIN  

摘要： The stomach is among the organs grossly affected organ by diabetic complications. The present study was aimed at investigating the protective role of zinc on stomach of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus. Female Swiss albino rats were divided in four experimental groups: Group I, control; group II, control + zinc sulfate; group III, STZ-induced diabetic animals; and group IV, STZ-diabetic + zinc sulfate. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ, at a dose of 65 mg/kg body weight. Zinc sulfate (100 mg/kg body weight) was given daily by gavage for 60 days to groups II and IV. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed, and the tissues were taken. In the diabetic group, hexose, hexosamine, fucose, and sialic acid levels, as well as tissue factor, adenosine deaminase, carbonic anhydrase, xanthine oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, prolidase activities, advanced oxidized protein products, homocysteine, and TNF-alpha levels were increased in the stomach tissue homogenates. Whereas, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, paraoxonase, and aryl esterase activities were decreased in the diabetic group. The administration of zinc reversed all the deformities. These findings suggest that zinc has protective role in ameliorating several mechanisms of STZ-induced diabetic stomach injury.

关键词： Arthrocenmum macrostachyum   Photosynthetic pigments   Osmolytes   Protein patterns   Salinity   Soybean   ASCORBIC-ACID   SALT STRESS   FOLIAR APPLICATION   CL-IONS   L.   HALOPHYTES   TOLERANCE   WATER   ANTIOXIDANT   PHOTOSYNTHESIS  

摘要： A pot experiment was carried out to study the ameliorative role of foliar application of an extract of the halophyteArthrocnemum macrostachyum(A. macrostachyum)on soybean (Glycin maxL.) plants grown under salinity stress (0, 75, and 150 mM NaCl). Growth traits, content of photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, ascorbic acid and total phenol, oxidative damage, and proteins pattern were determined. Growth parameters of soybean plants grown under both saline regimes (75 and 150 mM NaCl) were reduced except for the response to the foliar application ofA. macrostachyumextract in either stressed or non-stressed plants. Foliar application ofA. macrostachyumextract reinforced the photosynthetic pigment, soluble sugars, and soluble proteins content. Besides, it also minimized the negative impacts of salinity on soybean plants by decreasing the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The results herein showed that the plant water extract and their interactions in the two NaCl levels increased the proline, total free amino acids, total phenols, and ascorbic acid content. Protein patterns in soybean leaves indicated protein expression suppression in soybean plants irrigated with 150 mM NaCl. The magnitude of suppression caused by the saline level was enhanced by usingA. macrostachyumextract. The findings of this study indicate that the use of an extract of the halophyteA. macrostachyumcan be considered as an unconventional and novel tool in the mitigation of salinity stress.

关键词： Nile tilapia   Zeolites   Chitosan nanoparticles   Imidacloprid   Growth   Body composition   OXIDATIVE STRESS   INTERFERON-GAMMA   NATURAL ZEOLITE   ESSENTIAL OIL   COMMON CARP   PERFORMANCE   TISSUES   ACTIVATION   RESISTANCE   TIME  

摘要： This study aimed at the evaluation of the mitigating effects of dietary zeolites (ZEO) and/or chitosan nanoparticle (ChNP) on imidacloprid (IMID)-induced toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish (18.03 +/- 0.01 g) were allocated into six groups; one fed on a basal diet (control) (CTR), and the other groups were fed diets supplemented with ChNPs (5 g kg(-1)) and/or ZEO (20 and 40 g kg(-1)) (ZEO(20) and ZEO(40)) for 60 days. In the last 14 days of the experiment, all groups were exposed to a sub-lethal dose of IMID (1/2 of 96 h LC50 = 0.0545 mu g L-1). Dietary ZEO(20) significantly improved all growth parameters (P < 0.05), while ChNPs had no significant effects. The crude protein of the fish body was significantly increased in all groups compared to the CTR (P < 0.05). No significant impacts of ChNPs, ZEO, and their interaction (P > 0.05) were noticed on the moisture, dry matter, and ash percentages. Compared to the CTR, hematocrit values were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in ChNP and ZEO(20) groups; meanwhile, their levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the ZEO(40) group and all combined treatments. Fish fed diets with ChNPs and/or ZEO had significant increments in the MCV values (P < 0.05). Moreover, fish fed diets supplemented with ChNPs or their combination with ZEO had the lowest glucose and alkaline phosphatase levels compared with the CTR. Serum aspartate transferase levels were significantly decreased in all treated groups (P < 0.05) compared to the CTR. ChNPs alone or combined with ZEO significantly exhibited the highest lysozyme and nitro blue tetrazolium values (P < 0.05). On the other hand, fish in the CTR group had the highest malondialdehyde and lowest nitric oxide levels compared to the other groups. Interestingly, the lowest IMID residues in fish flesh were found in fish groups fed diet with a combination of ZEO and ChNPs. Partial or complete protection of the hepatic and splenic tissues were observed in fish group with

关键词： PSMA   PET/CT   Prostate Cancer   CANCER   DIAGNOSIS  

摘要： Objective: To assess the clinical usefulness of Ga-68-PSMA PET/CT studies in patients with occult biochemical recurrence of prostate carcinoma, with negative or inconclusive radiologic and 18F-Choline PET/CT imaging studies. Material and methods: Retrospective observational and diagnostic accuracy. The first 14 patients with a history of prostate carcinoma, treated with curative intent and presenting suspicion of biochemical recurrence with low PSA values (< 3 ng/ml) were selected. Imaging studies, prostate ultrasound, pelvic CT and/or MRI were negative, and all of them had a negative or inconclusive 18F-Choline PET/CT. All patients were referred to Ga-68-PSMA-11 PET/CT. Protocol: Dose 2.2 MBq/kg. 20 mg furosemide at start. PET/CT images from skull base to proximal third of thighs at 60 min, and late images at 3 hours if needed. Results: The Ga-68-PSMA-11 PET/CT was able to localize the occult biochemical recurrence in 9 of the 14 patients (64.2%), and it affected the therapeutic attitude in all of them. Four patients (28.5%) obtained a negative or inconclusive Ga-68-PSMA-11 PET/CT and continued under vigilant approach with PSA controls and imaging studies according to the clinical guidelines. These patients had the lowest PSA values (less than 1 ng/ml). One of the Ga-68-PSMA-11 PET/CT studies was inconclusive, reporting the presence of a doubtful right iliac adenopathy. Conclusion: Ga-68-PSMA-11 PET/CT allows an early diagnosis, with low PSA values, of occult biochemical recurrence of prostate carcinoma, even in patients with negative 18F-Choline PET/CT. (C) 2021 AEU. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biofertilizer   Calcareous alga   Humic acid   Organic production  

摘要： The development of new natural biostimulant sources for a sustainable agriculture is a strategic issue aiming to improve the healthy food production. In this sense, the goal was to identify the biostimulant action of the calcareous alga Lithothamnium sp. (Rhodophyta) on onion in two experiments, (i) in pots and (ii) at field under organic system, both in factorial scheme with two onion cultivars and foliar sprays with micronized Lithothamnium sp. at concentration of 1.5 and 3.0 g L-1. The plant growth promotion and commercial yield improvement of two onion cultivars were achieved and related to changes on amino acid metabolism and source-to-sink flow stimuli. Better nutrient acquisition also was achieved related to the stimuli to thin roots growth, with N, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Cu content in bulbs improved at 3.0 g L-1, while 1.5 g L-1 allowed highest Ca, Mg, Mn, and Zn content in bulbs. Thus, the results presents Lithothamnium sp. as novel biostimulant source to grow onion, which effects related to the presence of bioactive humic acid that calcareous algae release by micronization.

关键词： a生物化学  

ISBN: (纸本)9787569708998

关键词： Kidney stones   Filtration barrier   Immunohistochemistry   Rat   CALCIUM-OXALATE NEPHROLITHIASIS   ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS   INDUCED UROLITHIASIS   SLIT DIAPHRAGM   NIGELLA-SATIVA   EXPRESSION   PODOCYTES   EXTRACT   NEPHRIN   INJURY  

摘要： The aim of this study is to investigate whether the filtration barrier is affected by experimental kidney stone formation. Thirty-two rats divided into 4 equally groups (n = 8) at random. Group I control; Group II 1% ethylene glycol; Group III 1% Ethylene glycol + 0.25% Ammonium chloride; Group IV 1% Ethylene glycol + 0.5% Ammonium chloride group. Tissues applied hematoxylin-eosin, periodic-acid-Schiff, Pizzolato's staining. Immunohistochemically stained with integrin alpha 3 beta 1, type IV collagen, laminin, nephrin, CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) and podocin to show the filtration barrier structure. The TUNEL method was used for apoptosis. The amount of calcium, magnesium, creatinine and uric acid in urine and blood samples, also urine microprotein determined. Stones were formed in all experimental groups. Urine calcium, creatinine, uric acid levels decreased, magnesium levels were not changed. No statistically significant change was observed in blood serum results and TUNEL analysis. Immunohistochemical results showed an increase in nephrin, podocin, CD2AP, laminin and a decrease in integrin alpha 3 beta 1 and type IV collagen. Consequently, there is an increase in the expression densities of the proteins incorporated in the structure to prevent loss of functionality in the cellular part supporting the structure against a weakening of the basement membrane structure in the glomerular structure in which urine is filtered.

关键词： NIK kinase   NF-κB noncanonical pathway   time-dependent inhibition   residence time   KINASE NIK   REVEALS   DOMAIN  

摘要： Two different signaling pathways lead to the activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa B, initiating distinct biological responses: The canonical NF-kappa B pathway activation has been implicated in host immunity and inflammatory responses, whereas the noncanonical pathway activation has been involved in lymphoid organ development and B-cell maturation, as well as in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases and some hematologic cancers. The NF-kappa B-inducing kinase (NIK) is a cytoplasmic Ser/Thr kinase and is a key regulator of the noncanonical pathway. NIK activation results in the processing of the p100 subunit to p52, leading to the formation of the RelB/p52 complex and noncanonical pathway activation. Because of its role in the development of lymphoid malignancies, this kinase has always been considered as an attractive target for the treatment of certain types of cancers and immune diseases. We at Takeda have pursued a drug discovery program to identify small-molecule inhibitors against NIK. This report provides an overview of the data generated from our screening campaign using a small fragment library. Most importantly, we also provide a kinetic analysis of published compounds and chemical series developed at Takeda that are associated with a slow tight-binding mechanism and excellent cellular potency.