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关键词： Named entity recognition   Deep learning   Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (BILSTM)   Conditional Random Field (CRF)   Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT)   Multi-Head Attention (MHATT)  

摘要： Named entity recognition (NER) of chemicals and drugs is a critical domain of information extraction in biochemical research. NER provides support for text mining in biochemical reactions, including entity relation extraction, attribute extraction, and metabolic response relationship extraction. However, the existence of complex naming characteristics in the biomedical field, such as polysemy and special characters, make the NER task very challenging. Here, we propose a hybrid deep learning approach to improve the recognition accuracy of NER. Specifically, our approach applies the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model to extract the underlying features of the text, learns a representation of the context of the text through Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (BILSTM), and incorporates the multi-head attention (MHATT) mechanism to extract chapter-level features. In this approach, the MHATT mechanism aims to improve the recognition accuracy of abbreviations to efficiently deal with the problem of inconsistency in full-text labels. Moreover, conditional random field (CRF) is used to label sequence tags because this probabilistic method does not need strict independence assumptions and can accommodate arbitrary context information. The experimental evaluation on a publicly-available dataset shows that the proposed hybrid approach achieves the best recognition performance;in particular, it substantially improves performance in recognizing abbreviations, polysemes, and low-frequency entities, compared with the state-of-the-art approaches. For instance, compared with the recognition accuracies for low-frequency entities produced by the BILSTM-CRF algorithm, those produced by the hybrid approach on two entity datasets (MULTIPLE and IDENTIFIER) have been increased by 80% and 21.69%, respectively. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Diabetic wound healing   Inflammation   Polymeric nanofibers dressings   Aloe vera extract   Hypericum perforatum oil   FTIR analysis   Biochemical assays  

摘要： Diabetic wounds have a slow healing process and easy to be infected. In addition to current drug treatments, supportive approaches are needed for diabetic wound treatment. In this study, we aimed to load Aloe Vera (AV) and Hypericum perforatum oil (HPO) with PCL/Ge (Poly (e-caprolactone)/Gelatine) polymeric biodegradable by electrospinning method into nanofiber dressings on an experimental diabetic wound model to compare the diabetic wound healing effect. Changes in the amount and chemical structure of phospholipids, proteins, and lipids were investigated in the blood and serum samples of the animals using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. To evaluate biological events associated with the wound repair process in inflammatory phase we used oxidant and antioxidant status to determine the healing status of wounds such as Total antioxidant status (TAS), Total oxidant level (TOS) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels. TOS level increased in DM groups and decreased in the AV and HPO group. Oxidative stress index decreased and TNF-alpha level increased in the HPO group. FTIR spectra showed changes in the phospholipids, proteins, and carbon chain of lipids in the whole blood as well as serum of DM rats. FTIR spectra combined with Principal component analysis (PCA) showed, that treated DM rats by AV and HPO caused return chemical structure of blood and serum to this observed in control group. Higher similarity with control group for HPO rats was observed. HPO is better than AV in the alternative for healing on diabetic wound. Thus, we have demonstrated that IR spectroscopy and mul-tivariate data analysis and biochemical assays are consistent and correlative with each other. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Zhacai   Autochthonous microbiota   Biochemical changes   Correlation analysis  

摘要： Zhacai is a traditional fermented vegetable that has been consumed in China for centuries. It is currently manufactured by spontaneous fermentation and therefore mostly relies on the activities of autochthonous microorganisms. Here, we characterized microbial community dynamics and associated biochemical changes in 12% salted Zhacai during a 90-day spontaneous fermentation process using high-throughput sequencing and chromatography-based approaches to identify associations between microorganisms and fermentation characteristics. Amplicon sequencing targeting bacterial 16S rRNA genes revealed that bacterial communities were dominated by halophilic bacteria (HAB, i.e., Halomonas and Idiomarina) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB, i.e., Lactobacillus-related genera and Weissella) after 30 days of fermentation. In addition, the relative abundances of the fungal genera Debaryomyces, Sterigmatomyces, and Sporidiobolus increased as fermentation progressed. Concomitantly, pH decreased while titratable acidity increased during fermentation, along with associated variation in biochemical profiles. Overall, the levels of organic acids (i.e., lactic and acetic acid), free amino acids (i.e., alanine, lysine, and glutamic acid), and volatiles (i.e., alcohols, esters, aldehydes, and ketones) increased in mature Zhacai. In addition, the abundances of Lactobacillus-related species, Halomonas spp., Idiomarina loihiensis, as well as that of the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii, were strongly correlated with increased concentrations of organic acids, amino acids, biogenic amines, and volatiles. This study provides new detailed insights into the succession of microbial communities and their potential roles in Zhacai fermentation.

关键词： 答题纸   不予考虑   流程说明   生物化学和分子生物学   材料和设备  

摘要： 总分:100分时间:90 min一般信息流程说明和答题纸将在你位置的信封中提供。总分:100分。考试时间:90 min。请将你的学生代码写入标题页左上角的框中。将提供单独的答题纸,用于写下所有答案。写在问题纸上的答案将不会得分。为了出示小旗,请将其置于桌子左墙上的旗架(=小管)中。请确保你的位置有全部材料和设备。如果缺少任何东西,你必须在哨声开始后5 min内通过出示黄旗报告。5 min后申报缺少任何物品将不予考虑。

关键词： 应用型高校   食品安全学   课程思政  

摘要： 食品安全学是食品类专业重要的核心主干课程。结合"课程思政"的教育理念,分析思想政治教育在该课程教学中的融合点和实践策略,有利于发挥其在知识传授和价值引领中的重要作用,做到"立德树人"润物无声。以此为基础,重新修订食品安全学教学大纲中的教学目标,重点挖掘课程知识目标与德育目标的融合点,提出从教学团队、教学方法和过程性考核评价等方面进行教学探索,将有利于思想政治教育有机地融入专业课程教学过程中。

关键词： 食品生物化学   线上   线下   混合式教学  

摘要： 食品生物化学是食品相关专业的必修课程,也是公认的学生难学、教师难教的课程。为了更好地在有限的课时内实现课程的教学目标,以优慕课为平台,开展线上线下混合式教学改革探索,充分调动学生的学习积极性,提高学生的学习效率,教学实践表明该教学方式提高了学生的学习成绩,有助于学生良好学习习惯的养成,对同类课程有很好的借鉴意义。

关键词： 布鲁姆分类认知理论   工程类课程   食品机械与设备   拼图教学   双段考试  

摘要： 介绍了以布鲁姆分类认知理论为基础,从记忆、理解、应用、分析、评估、创新6个层级设计工程类课程教学目标,并通过以自主学习、小组合作学习、项目式学习相结合的课程实施方式,配合以平时考核、创新设计考核和期末考试相结合的多元化课程考核方式对教学目标进行达成和考查。经实践发现,课程教学目标与学生需求的适应度、课程实施方案的达成度、教师的支撑度、考核方案的有效度及学生的满意度均可达到满意效果。

关键词： 生物化学   课堂教学   科研诚信   科研素养  

摘要： 科研素养是理工科专业学生从事科研活动或相关工作所需的基本素质和能力,包括科研意识、知识、能力、伦理和道德等。当前,国家对创新型人才的需求和对科研诚信的要求提升到前所未有的高度。本文以生物化学的遗传物质核酸、凝胶阻滞实验的授课内容为例,积极发掘生物化学授课内容,以提升本科生科研能力和科研诚信意识等科研素养。

关键词： 教学创新团队   中医药高职   生物化学  

摘要： 教学创新团队建设是《国家职业教育改革实施方案》背景下的重要战略部署之一。结合中医药高职院校特点,提出教学创新团队是提高中医药复合型技术技能人才培养质量强有力的支撑者、是推进中医药高职教育课程"三教"改革的践行者、是引领中医药高职教育教学改革成果的落地者等观点,指出中医药高职院校教学创新团队建设的必要性;同时针对中医药高职教育教学创新团队协作力不强、创新力不够、建设机制不灵活等困境,以生物化学教学创新团队为例,提出了构建医(产)教团队双师协作体、加强团队创新能力建设、激活团队内生动力机制等具体建设路径,为中医药高职院校生物化学教学创新团队建设提供参考。

关键词： 课程思政   教学探讨   生物化学  

摘要： 生物化学是制药工程专业的基础课程,思政元素如何更好的融入专课程的教学,起到推进共同教育的目的,是课程教学需要关注的问题。针对生物化学课程教学,结合教学实例,探讨专业课思政教育的发展模式,为相关专业课程思政教育的探索提供依据。