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关键词： Plateletpheresis   Citrate   Calcium   Magnesium   Parathyroid hormone  

摘要： Objectives. - During plateletpheresis, citrate induces hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia, which are usually transient and self-limiting, but they can lead to significant donor discomfort. The aim of study was to determine the effect of citrate infusion on a multitude of biochemical parameters during plateletpheresis in healthy donors and to correlate changes with adverse donor reactions. Methods. - The study was conducted on 60 healthy plateletpheresis donors. Blood samples were drawn on three occasions, a baseline pre-donation sample, 30 min at start of procedure and 30 min post procedure. Heparinized samples were taken to measure ionized calcium and plain samples to measure serum calcium, serum magnesium, parathyroid hormone, total protein and serum albumin. Results. - There was statistically significant decline in mean total calcium (9.27 +/- 0.66 mg/dl to 8.72 +/- 0.87 mg/dl) and ionized calcium (3.8 + 0.51 mg/dl to 2.9 + 0.67 mg/dl) from baseline until 30 min after the start of procedure respectively. A significant fall in serum magnesium, total protein and serum albumin was observed. The mean parathyroid hormone showed significant increase from baseline levels till at the completion of procedure (19.94 +/- 12.1 pg/ml to 92.08 +/- 36.78 pg/ml). If the yield was set constant, there was negative correlation between ACD used and pre-donation platelet count. Majority of adverse donor reactions were hypocalcemic reactions, which were more with Amicus double yield plateletpheresis and were managed with calcium supplementation. Conclusion. - Plateletpheresis induces marked reduction in serum calcium and magnesium levels. Moreover, increase in parathyroid hormone levels was significant. In addition, decline in total protein and serum albumin may be a concern in donors also participating in plasmapheresis. (C) 2021 Societe francaise de transfusion sanguine (SFTS). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

关键词： Glyphosate   N-acetylcysteine   Liver   Malondialdehyde   Histopathology   Ultrastructure   Caspase-3   Proliferating cell nuclear antigen  

摘要： Glyphosate (GLP) is the most commonly used herbicide that presents many hazards to the environment and living organisms. The present study aimed to explore hepatotoxic properties of GLP on adult albino rats, and the ability of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to ameliorate these toxic effects. Thirty mature male albino rats were distributed into 3 groups (10 rats/group): Group I (C) a negative control, Group II (GLP) orally administered Roundup 0.8503 ml/kg/day which contain GLP (375 mg/kg) (1/10 of LD50) by gavage needle, and Group III (NAC+ GLP) received NAC (160 mg/kg, 1h before Roundup) by gavage needle and Roundup (0.8503 ml/kg) orally for 6 weeks. Blood and liver samples were collected and processed for biochemical, histopathological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical investigations. Group II displayed a significant elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as overexpression of apoptotic markers. The total antioxidant capacity "TAC" and mRNA expression of NRF2 were significantly decreased. Concerning the histopathological findings, there were various degenerative changes as the hepatocytes showed hydropic swelling with nuclear pyknosis. These alterations were confirmed ultrastructurally as most of the cytoplasmic organelles were lost and the mitochondria appeared to deteriorate. Immunohistochemical results showed intense immunoreactivity against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and caspase-3. NAC administration before GLP partially ameliorates these alterations. ALT, AST, and MDA levels as well as expression of apoptotic markers were significantly reduced. TAC and mRNA expression of NRF2 were significantly increased. Histopathological alterations were partially improved as the hepatocytes returned normal and ultrastructurally they showed nearly normal cytoplasmic organelles. Additionally, the intense expression of PCNA and caspase-3 was significantly reduced. We concluded that

关键词： Ga-68-PSMA   F-18-FDG   Biochemical recurrence   Negative PSMA  

摘要： Purpose Ga-68-PSMA PET/CT has a high detection rate in prostate cancer patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR). However, few studies have reported other imaging methods for BCR with negative Ga-68-PSMA PET/CT findings. We investigated the value of F-18-FDG compared with Ga-68-PSMA and identified BCR patients with Ga-68-PSMA-negative findings who are most likely to benefit from F-18-FDG PET/CT. Methods Seventy-two BCR patients with negative Ga-68-PSMA PET/CT findings were retrospectively identified from 510 patients who underwent concomitant Ga-68-PSMA and F-18-FDG PET/CT between June 2018 and August 2020. Patients were categorised into groups with positive or negative F-18-FDG PET/CT findings. Differences in patients' characteristics between these two groups and predictors of positive F-18-FDG findings were analysed. Results The detection rate of F-18-FDG PET/CT was 16.7% (12/72) in BCR patients with Ga-68-PSMA-negative findings. PSA and Gleason score were significantly higher in the F-18-FDG-positive group than in the F-18-FDG-negative group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). A multivariate analysis indicated that PSA (PSA >= 2.3 ng/mL) and Gleason score (Gleason score >= 8) correlated with F-18-FDG-positive findings (P < 0.001 and P = 0.015, respectively). The probabilities of F-18-FDG-positive findings in the low-potential (PSA <2.3 ng/mL and Gleason score <8), moderate-potential (PSA <2.3 ng/mL and Gleason score >= 8 or PSA >= 2.3 ng/mL and Gleason score <8), and high-potential (PSA >= 2.3 ng/mL and Gleason score >= 8) groups were 0%, 11.5%, and 90.0%, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusion PSA level and Gleason score are independent predictors of F-18-FDG-positive findings, and BCR patients with Ga-68-PSMA-negative findings with high PSA and Gleason score are most likely to benefit from F-18-FDG PET/CT.

关键词： Phaeodactylum tricornutum   Quantitative proteomics   Microalgae   Wastewater   Dairy manure   Microbial lipids  

摘要： Microalgae cultivation on wastewater offers the dual benefit of lowering costs for feedstock production with simultaneous wastewater remediation. This study utilized biochemical and quantitative label-free proteomic approaches to evaluate the growth and proteomic response for diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum cultivated on flushed dairy manure wastewater (DMW). Comparing several DMW dilutions (up to 60% DMW diluted in seawater) with a synthetic seawater medium indicates that biomass and lipid yields correlate with the starting nitrogen content of the DMW dilution. Phaeodactylum tricornutum cultivated on DMW exhibits elevated levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5 n-3). Proteomic analysis revealed alterations in the regulations of proteins associated with protein metabolism, cellular signaling, transcription and translation, protein trafficking. and oxidative stress management pathways when comparing P. tricornutum cultivation on diluted DMW versus synthetic media, thus providing insights into how P. tricornutum reorganizes its proteome in response to a complex wastewater source.

关键词： Biolog GEN III system   Biochemical characterization   Rhizobacteria   Seedling growth   Seedling vigor   Upland rice  

摘要： Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are known to stimulate plant growth because of their versatility in nutrient transformation. However, the success of PGPR inoculation depends not only on their ability to promote plant growth but also on their capacity to metabolize substrates that can be used as energy for the development and survival of the crops. Given the important influence of seed germination and vigor on crop yield, this study investigated the biochemical characteristics and effectiveness of multi-trait PGPR isolates in enhancing upland rice seedling growth and vigor. Biochemical identification was done using Biolog GEN III Microbial Identification System. Isolates were characterized based on their ability to metabolize all major classes of biochemicals in the carbon source utilization and chemical sensitivity assays. Identified rhizobacterial isolates were tested in vitro to evaluate their inoculation effects on the growth of PSB Rc23 upland rice seedlings. Biochemical identification results showed that rhizobacterial isolates have extensive metabolic activities in a wide range of carbon sources. Inoculation effects revealed that isolate IBBw(1a) was the most effective in enhancing root length and vigor index of rice seedlings in vitro, yielding a significant increase of 60% and 53%, respectively, over the uninoculated control. This study suggests that rhizobacterial isolates from upland rice may have commercial significance to improve seedling growth and vigor. These isolates will undergo a further assessment of their effectiveness in actual upland rice field conditions as they were already proven effective growth promoters in laboratory and screenhouse conditions. Such future activity can uncover their efficacy as potential biofertilizers in the actual soil environment.

关键词： autoimmune hepatitis   azathioprine   thioguanine   thiopurine metabolites   outcomes  

摘要： Background & Aims: Patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) usually receive maintenance therapy with thiopurines, such as azathioprine (AZA) or mercaptopurine. Genetic polymorphisms in AZA metabolism can lead to variations in thioguanine nucleotide (TGN) and 6-methylmercaptopurine, both of which can cause adverse drug reactions (ADRs). In inflammatory bowel disease, a therapeutic TGN range (225-450 pmol/8x10(8) erythrocytes) has been identified to optimise effectiveness. We evaluated the benefits of a personalised medicine approach to thiopurine dosing, in comparison to standard weight-based dosing. Methods: A retrospective matched cohort study of 214 patients with AIH who were seen at King's College between 1999-2019 was performed. Metabolite levels were measured in 109 patients. The control group included 105 patients on weight-based thiopurine dosing with no metabolite monitoring. Results: Biochemical response (BR) occurred more frequently at 6-month follow-up in patients with metabolite monitoring compared to those on a weight-based regimen (77% vs. 60%, p = 0.008). This remained true with data analysis based on clinicians who measure metabolites and those who do not (BR at 6 months: 84% vs. 64%, p = 0.016). Patients with BR had TGN levels within the therapeutic range of 225-450 pmol/8x10(8) erythrocytes significantly more often than those who failed to achieve or lost BR (40% vs. 13%, p<0.0001). Moreover, TGN levels within the pre-defined therapeutic range predicted more stable disease within 6 months of testing compared to levels outside the range (p<0.0001). A high proportion of patients with sub-therapeutic TGN levels (75-225 pmol/8x10(8) erythrocytes) remained in BR (75% vs. 81%, p = 0.589) with fewer ADRs (44% vs. 86%, p = 0.0002) when compared to patients with therapeutic TGN levels. Conclusion: A strategy of personalised medicine using metabolite levels can optimise treatment regimens in AIH, resulting in fewer ADRs whilst maintaining BR. Lay summary: Th

关键词： Tomato residues   Wine residues   Anaerobic digestion   Near-infrared spectroscopy   Prediction models  

摘要： Biorefinery approaches are suitable for agro-residues valorization. In this work, the integration of solid-liquid extraction followed by anaerobic digestion is explored. This study aims to assess the near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and multivariate regression models as reliable methods to predict the methane yield of raw and extracted agro-residues. Tomato residues (ripe semi-rotten tomato-RT, green (unripe) fruit-GT, tomato plant-TB) and grape pomace residues (GP) were extracted for phenolic compounds recovery. GP is the richest substrate in phenolic compounds (55.8 mg g-1, expressed gallic acid equivalents on a dry extract basis). The experimental values of biochemical methane potential (BMP) varied in the range128-307 NmL CH4 g-1, in volatile solid basis for tomato residues, while 115-177 NmL CH4 g-1 were determined for GP. The experimental BMP observed before and after extraction was statistically similar. The prediction based on the NIR-based model also exposes the same trend and shows a reasonable prediction error compared to other models. In conclusion, NIR spectroscopy and some multivariate regression models may be used for BMP prediction in a biorefinery context.

关键词： Endplate lesions   Lumbar spine   Risk factors   Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms   Collagen  

摘要： Purpose To detect the associations between the degree of the endplate (EP) lesions with the presence of risk factors, biochemical and genetic markers previously observed in low back pain (LBP) patients with EP defects in comparison with hernia/discopathy patients and healthy controls. Methods In this observational retrospective study, T2-weighted sagittal MRI images (n = 223 LBP patients) were scored for EP lesions by two independent observers. Total MRI score and number of affected levels (L1/L2-L5/S1) have been considered for the correlation with demographic, behavioral, clinical, biochemical (25(OH)D, CTx-I and CTx-II levels, n = 69 males) and VDR variables. Results Males showed higher BMI and total MRI score than females. Patients bearing TT compared to tt VDR genotypes showed significant higher total MRI scores. Among males (n = 125), TT, bb and aa genotypes showed increased total MRI scores. Higher total MRI score directly correlates with higher levels of CTx-I and CTx-II (n = 69 males). Conclusions The markers previously identified as associated with the presence of EP lesions have been confirmed as related to their severity and could be used to follow the pathology progression.

关键词： Antheraea mylitta   Antioxidant potential   Biomaterial   Food plants   Sericin  

摘要： Sericin were isolated and characterized from tasar cocoons raised in three different food plants i.e. Terminalia arjuna, T. tomentosa and Shorea robusta for its applications. Their molecular composition, structure and physical nature were determined by elemental analysis, amino acid analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis. These results show that tasar food plants influence the physical and chemical properties of sericin. Further, sericin isolated from cocoons of S. robusta food plant shows better antioxidant potential and inhibition of tymsinase, elastase and glutathione-S-transferase activity than other food plants. This may be attributed to its amino acid variations and associated phenolic content. The present study appears to be useful in utilizing tasar sericin as a potential bio-molecule for its prospective utilization in pharmaceuticals and its associated fields.

关键词： Hypoxia tolerance   Histopathology   Hematological parameters   Enzyme activities   Phoxinus lagowskii  

摘要： Hypoxia is one of the most significant threats to biodiversity in aquatic systems. The ability of high-latitude fish to tolerate hypoxia with histological and physiological responses is mostly unknown. We address this knowledge gap by investigating the effects of exposures to different oxygen levels using Phoxinus lagowskii (a high-latitude, cold-water fish) as a model. Fish were exposed to different oxygen levels (0.5 mg/L and 3 mg/L) for 24 h. The loss of equilibrium (LOE), an indicator of acute hypoxia tolerance, was 0.21 +/- 0.01 mg/L, revealing the ability of fish to tolerate low-oxygen conditions. We sought to determine if, in P. lagowskii, the histology of gills and liver, blood indicators, enzyme activities of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and antioxidants changed to relieve stress in response to acute hypoxia. Notably, changes in vigorous jumping behavior under low oxygen revealed the exceptional hypoxia acclimation response compared with other low-latitude fish. A decrease in blood parameters, including RBC, WBC, and Hb, as well as an increase in MCV was observed compared to the controls. The increased total area in lamella and decreased ILCM volume in P. lagowskii gills were detected in the present study. Our results also showed the size of vacuoles in the livers of the hypoxic fish shrunk. Interestingly, an increase in the enzyme activity of lipid metabolism but not glucose metabolism was observed in the groups exposed to hypoxia at 6 h and 24 h. After combining histology and physiology results, our findings provide evidence that lipid metabolism plays a crucial role in enhancing hypoxia acclimation in P. lagowskii. Additionally, SOD activity significantly increased during hypoxia, suggesting the presence of an antioxidant response of P. lagowskii during hypoxia. High expression levels of lipogenesis and lipolysis-related genes were detected in the 6 h 3 mg/L and 24 h 3 mg/L hypoxia group. Enhanced expression of lipid-metabolism genes (ALS4, PGC-1,