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关键词： Cohnella sp   A01   Recombinant xylanase   GH10 xylanases   Xylooligosaccharides   THERMOSTABLE XYLANASE   STABLE XYLANASE   GH10 XYLANASE   ACTIVE-SITE   PAPER PULP   CLONING   PH   XYLOOLIGOSACCHARIDES   PURIFICATION   GENE  

摘要： A novel xylanase gene of 870bp was isolated and cloned from the thermophilic bacteria Cohnella sp.A01 that encodes an enzyme comprising 290 amino acid residues and belonging to the GH10 family of xylanases. The enzyme was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli BL21, then purified using one-step chromatography. The recombinant XynB-A01 not only exhibited significant thermostability but also showed to be stable in a broad range of pH (3.0-10.0), the presence of some detergents, and organic solvents. Although XynB-A01 demonstrated significant activity toward both beechwood and oat spelt xylans, it showed a stronger affinity and higher activity toward the former. HPLC analysis of beechwood xylan hydrolysis revealed that xylotetraose, xylobiose, and xylose are the major hydrolysis products. The investigation of XynB-A01 in pulp biobleaching showed effectiveness in the release of reducing sugars and chromophores. Simple purification, stability over a broad range of pH and temperature, cellulase-free character, and the capacity to produce xylooligosaccharides are some of the advantages of the xylanase of Cohnella sp.A01, suggesting that it may be a promising candidate for biobleaching of paper pulps, producing xylooligosaccharides, and applying in other industries.

关键词： PATENT DUCTUS-ARTERIOSUS   CEREBRAL OXYGENATION   OXIDATIVE STRESS   PARACETAMOL EXPOSURE   HYPOCHLOROUS ACID   CREATINE-KINASE   BRAIN   MYELOPEROXIDASE   PROTECTS   DAMAGE  

关键词： Nutrient bioremediation   Fatty acids   Stickwater   Wastewater   Marine microalgae   WASTE-WATER TREATMENT   SINGLE-CELL PROTEIN   CHLORELLA-VULGARIS   LIPID-ACCUMULATION   DUNALIELLA-TERTIOLECTA   MICROALGAE CULTIVATION   NITROGEN CONCENTRATION   BIODIESEL PRODUCTION   PRODUCTIVITY   STICKWATER  

摘要： One of the main effluents from fishmeal plants is stickwater (STW) that causes a considerable number of environmental hazards. This study aimed to replace standard growth medium (F/2; as an enriched solution for growing most of the marine microalgae) of Tetraselmis suecica with different ratios of STW from a kilka fishmeal plant including 0% (control), 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Results showed that the highest nutrient removal efficacy was obtained in 75% STW treatment, followed by the highest algal cell density (1.23 x 10(7) cells mL(-1)) (P <0.05). A significant increase in the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b) and lipid productivity was recorded in 75% STW treatment compared to others (P <0.05). The maximum contents of carotenoids and crude protein were obtained in 100% and 50% STW groups, respectively. The levels of saturated and monosaturated fatty acids were significantly increased by increasing the inclusion ratio of STW from 50 to 100% (P <0.05). However, the lowest level of polyunsaturated fatty acids was measured in 100% STW treatment. Overall, replacing F/2 with STW up to 75% is feasible to culture T. suecica with the highest biomass and lipid productivity.

关键词： Abiotic stresses   Agronomy   Biotechnology   Breeding   Climate change   Genome editing   QTL   Rapeseed   Sequencing   Tolerance mechanisms   GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION   WATER-USE EFFICIENCY   SALT TOLERANCE   DROUGHT STRESS   ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE   EXPRESSION ANALYSIS   TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS   SULFUR FERTILIZATION   FLOWERING TIME   OILSEED RAPE  

摘要： Rapeseed yield parameters have been altered due to the increased exposure to abiotic stresses. The changing climatic conditions have reduced biomass production and seed yield, which ultimately affect the success of rapeseed crops. The severity and ability of abiotic stresses to act in tandem are a growing concern for agriculture producers across the globe. Rapeseed is one of the most vital cultivars in the world, serving as a major player in edible oil production. Abiotic stress conditions impose various effects on plant metabolism associated with growth stages, soil water storage capacity and plant physiological aspects. Modern agriculture aims to increased plant productivity to ensure global food security for the future. This can be achieved using quality seed, appropriate agricultural practices, measuring pest reduction techniques and understanding crop production challenges. Important tools, including conventional breeding and biotechnological approaches, can be employed to develop abiotic stress tolerance rapeseed. This review highlights the physiological and biochemical responses of rapeseed to abiotic stresses. The review also addresses conventional and modern stress mitigation strategies for the development of climate-smart rapeseed.

关键词： Replacement   Sacha inchi meal   Soybean meal   Growth performance   Red hybrid tilapia   PLUKENETIA-VOLUBILIS L.   APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY COEFFICIENTS   TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS   FERMENTED SOYBEAN-MEAL   WHOLE-BODY COMPOSITION   FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION   SPARUS-AURATA L.   FISH-MEAL   NILE TILAPIA   SEA BREAM  

摘要： A 10-week feeding trial was conducted to examine the effect of dietary sacha inchi meal (SIM) as a soybean meal (SBM) replacer on growth performance, feed utilization, whole-body fatty acid composition, blood biochemistry, and histological changes in red hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus x O. mossambicus. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated with 0 (control diet), 110, 220, 320, and 420 g/kg replacement of SBM with SIM (referred to as SIM0. 420). Each diet was randomly assigned to one of five fish groups in a 100 L indoor tank (n = 15 each, average initial weight 9.36 +/- 0.02 g) with four replicates. During the last 2 weeks of the feeding trial, 5 g/kg chromic oxide (Cr2O3) was added to the diet to determine the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC). The results showed that SIM inclusion significantly increased growth performance, feed utilization, and ADC of dry matter in a quadratic manner with the highest final weight observed in the SIM110 group. Survival rates were not significantly affected by SIM inclusion levels (P > 0.05). The amount of n-3 fatty acids in the whole-body fish, particularly that of C18:3n-3, was linearly and quadratically increased (P < 0.001) with increasing dietary SIM inclusions. Total cholesterol and triglycerides (TGs) were linearly and quadratically decreased in the fish fed the SIM inclusion diets (P < 0.05), but no linear or quadratic effects of dietary treatments were observed on levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Liver histology showed a significant increase in cytoplasmic vacuolization with increasing SIM inclusion in diets, and fish fed the SIM420 diet showed hepatocyte swelling and displacement of hepatocyte nuclei toward the periphery. Similarly, intestine histology detected a significant linear reduction in villi height and villi thickness with increasing level of dietary SIM (P < 0.001). Overal

关键词： Bacteria   Biodegradation   Pathway   Pyrene   Roseobacter clade   POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS   DEGRADING CONSORTIUM   SP NOV.   ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION   PAH DEGRADATION   NORTH-ATLANTIC   LUNG-CANCER   STRAIN   MARINE   METABOLISM  

摘要： Pyrene is a typical high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (HMW-PAH), and its biodegradation has been widely studied. Different microorganisms, including fungi, bacteria and cyanobacteria, have been shown to degrade pyrene as a source of carbon and energy. Bacteria are important pyrene degraders in different environments. To date, different bacterial phylotypes and their pyrene degradation pathways have been studied. This review will provide the latest information to deepen our understanding of pyrene degradation by bacteria, especially in PAHs contaminated environments. The principal biomarkers of pyrene metabolism (nidA/B, pah, and phd genes), bacterial community with pyrene degradation ability and their biodegradation mechanisms were reviewed. Additionally, a potential novel pyrene catabolic pathway of Roseobacter clade bacteria was discussed. We suggest that future studies should explore more application of multi-omics approaches and bioinformatics data to identify novel PAHs catabolic enzymes and pathways in other bacteria, rather than limiting research focus in functional genetic indices.

关键词： Biological control   Mycoparasitism   Competition   Antagonism   Bioagent  

摘要： This study aimed to identify four isolates of Trichoderma sp. (Ufra.T06, Ufra.T09, Ufra.T12, and Ufra.T52) and characterize their interaction with Magnaporthe oryzae in vitro and in vivo conditions. The four isolates of Trichoderma sp. were sequenced, investigated as an antagonist against M. oryzae in five Petri plate assays, and as an inhibitor of conidial germination appressoria formation. Finally, were quantified the lytic activity of chitinase (CHI), glucanase (GLU), and protease (PRO) during co-cultivation of Trichoderma sp. and M. oryzae. In vivo, leaf blast suppression was evaluated in two assays: simultaneous and curative application. Both in vitro and in vivo assays were scanned by electron microscopy (SEM). All isolates were identified as Trichoderma asperellum. All in vitro Petri plates assays reduced M. oryzae colony growth (paired-91.18% by Ufra.T09, volatile metabolites-all isolates equally reduced, non-volatile-68.33% by Ufra.T06, thermostability-99.77% by Ufra.T52 and co-cultivate-64.25% by Ufra.T52). The filtrates and conidia suspensions for T. asperellum isolates inhibited the conidia germination and appressoria formation significantly. In co-cultivate (mycelial or cell wall), all enzymes (GLU, CHI, and PRO) and times (24, 48, and 72 h) showed increased activity. In vivo, reduced leaf blast severity until 94.64% (Ufra.T52cs) in a simultaneous and until 85% (Ufra.T09 24 and 48 hasi) in a curative application. T. asperellum isolates showed efficient control of M. oryzae by mycoparasitism, and antibiosis mechanisms were interfered with by the M. oryzae infection process.

关键词： Rhus coriaria L   Oncorhynchus mykiss   Growth performance   Intestinal morphology   Antioxidant enzyme   serum biochemical parameters   TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS   WATER EXTRACT   RESISTANCE   GLUCOSE   STRESS   SYSTEM   NETTLE   OIL  

摘要： This experiment aimed to determine the effects of supplemental sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) fruit powder (0, 1, 3, 5 and 10 g kg-1) on growth performance, intestinal histological alterations, survival, serum biochemistry, and antioxidant status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). The feeding trials were replicated in three tanks each for a total of 15 tanks. The study was conducted for eight weeks. At the beginning of the experiment, 30 rainbow trout (initial weight: 35.67 +/- 0.88 g) were randomly stocked into each tank. At the end of the experiment, growth performance improved in the fish fed sumac fruit powder; however, other than the final body weight, the differences were not significant (P 0.05). The final body weight increased for treatments 1, 3, and 5 g kg-1 (P = 0.18). Intestinal morphology was enhanced in the experimental groups (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in serum biochemistry with sumac powder supplementation. The effect of sumac powder on superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also investigated for the overall antioxidant status. SOD activity in muscle was higher in fish fed diets containing various doses of sumac powder than in the controls (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation administration of sumac powder showed a positive effect on the growth performance, intestinal tissue morphology, and antioxidant enzyme stimulation in rainbow trout.

关键词： Seasonal variation   Air pollution tolerance index   APTI   Air pollution   Durgapur   Indicator   Green belt   DROUGHT STRESS   CHLOROPHYLL   GROWTH  

摘要： Increasing levels of pollution put plants under stress, leading to changes in their biochemical factors, which can be measured using the pollution tolerance index (APTI). APTI is a measure of environmental stress on flora, and it is calculated using four parameters (chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, relative water content, and pH). Earlier work in the same belt showed a positive correlation between stress and APTI but concentrated on woody trees only. This study was conducted in the Durgapur industrial belt, West Bengal, from August 2019 to February 2020. Eighteen plant species (herbs) were collected, assessed, and categorized as sensitive, intermediate, and tolerant based on their seasonal APTI values. Results showed that Solanum sisymbriifolium fell in the intermediate range in all three seasons. Persicaria sp. was identified as a tolerant species throughout and could be used to form a green belt. Persicaria orientalis was a sensitive species and can be used as an indicator of pollution.

关键词： Manganese   N-acetylcysteine   Behavioral deficits   Neurotransmitters   Redox-cellular status   Histopathology   OXIDATIVE STRESS   INDUCED PARKINSONISM   ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY   ANTIOXIDANT STATUS   ACETYL-CYSTEINE   MOTOR DEFICITS   NITRIC-OXIDE   GLUTATHIONE   EXPOSURE   BRAIN  

摘要： Clinical and experimental evidences reveal that excess exposure to manganese is neurotoxic and leads to cellular damage. However, the mechanism underlying manganese neurotoxicity remains poorly understood but oxidative stress has been implicated to be one of the key pathophysiological features related to it. The present study investigates the effects associated with manganese induced toxicity in rats and further to combat these alterations with a well-known antioxidant N-acetylcysteine which is being used in mitigating the damage by its radical scavenging activity. The study was designed to note the sequential changes along with the motor and memory dysfunction associated with biochemical and histo-pathological alterations following exposure and treatment for 2 weeks. The results so obtained showed decrease in the body weights, behavioral deficits with increased stress markers and also neuronal degeneration in histo-pathological examination after manganese intoxication in rats. To overcome the neurotoxic effects of manganese, N-acetylcysteine was used in the current study due to its pleiotropic potential in several pathological ailments. Taken together, N-acetylcysteine helped in ameliorating manganese induced neurotoxic effects by diminishing the behavioral deficits, normalizing acetylcholinesterase activity, and augmentation of redox status.