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关键词： Biochemical recurrence   Change of management   F-18-DCFPyL PET   CT   Prostate cancer   PSMA  

摘要： Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate whether an early, accurate identification of disease using F-18-DCFPyL PET/CT imaging resulted in a change of decision on treatment management, for individual patients with biochemically recurrent (BCR), hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Methods In this retrospective study, a total of 253 patients with BCR who underwent restaging F-18-DCFPyL PET/CT were assessed. Two urologists specialized in uro-oncology were asked to formulate a preferred treatment for each patient before and after knowing the results of the F-18-DCFPyL PET/CT. Results Out of 253 patients, 191 (75%) underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) as primary therapy, and 62 (25%) external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). In 103/253 cases (40.7%), a preferred treatment change based on the F-18-DCFPyL PET/CT findings was reported. In patients post-RARP, a positive F-18-DCFPyL PET/CT (OR 6.21; 95%CI 2.78-13.8; p < 0.001) and positive pathological lymph node status (pN1) (OR 2.96; 95%CI 1.15-7.60; p = 0.024) were significant predictors for an intended change of management, whereas a positive surgical margin (OR 0.42; 95%CI 0.20-0.88; p = 0.022) was inversely associated with an intended change of management. Conclusion In this study, we found a significant impact of F-18-DCFPyL PET/CT on the intended management of patients with biochemically recurrent hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. A positive F-18-DCFPyL PET/CT scan, positive pathological lymph node status, and a negative surgical margin status were significantly associated with increased odds of having a change of management based on F-18-DCFPyL PET/CT findings.

关键词： Memantine   Ischemia/reperfusion   Torsion/detorsion   Testis   Rat   ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY   OXIDATIVE STRESS   N-ACETYLCYSTEINE   MODEL   INFLAMMATION   QUERCETIN  

摘要： Introduction Testicular torsion is a common urologic emergency and one of the causes of infertility in males. Hence, prompt diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent testicular damages. It has been reported that memantine, a drug for Alzheimer's disease has anti-oxidative role against cerebral ischemic stroke and cardiac ischemia reperfusion. Objective In this experimental study, the effects of memantine on a testicular torsion injury in adolescent rat testis after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) were evaluated. Study design Thirty-six adolescent rats were divided into three groups with 12 rats per group including sham-operated, T/D (torsion/detorsion) + vehicle, and T/ D + memantine (10 mg/kg). Testicular torsion was induced for 2 h by rotating right testis 7200 in the clockwise direction. In treated group 30 min before detorsion, a single intraperitoneal dose of mem-antine was administered. After 4 h of reperfusion, orchiectomy was conducted and Histopathological and biochemical evaluations of testicular tissue samples were performed. Results The malondialdehyde level in the T/D group was significantly greater than in the sham operated group. Moreover, the testicular malondialdehyde values in the T/D + memantine group were signifi-cantly lower than in the T/D group. Also, significant decreases occurred in catalase and superoxide dis-mutase activities in the T/D group compared with sham operated group. These values were signifi-cantly greater in the memantine group than in the T/D group. Furthermore, after induction of T/D, histopathological evaluations also revealed severe testicular damages which were improved by mem-antine administration. Discussion Memantine prevented increases in oxidative stress markers and reductions of antioxidants during I/R injury in the current study. Subsequently the histo-logic injury was reduced in rats treated with mem-antine. The antioxidant characteristics of memantine and its protective effects have been shown in our study. Conc

关键词： Machine learning   Data-driven modelling   Biochemical engineering   Industrial biotechnology   Digitalisation   Digital twin   ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORK   MICROBIAL FUEL-CELL   METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS   SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE   PRINCIPLES APPROACH   TREATMENT-PLANT   WASTE-WATER   PREDICTION   OPTIMIZATION   PERFORMANCE  

摘要： The field of machine learning is comprised of techniques, which have proven powerful approaches to knowledge discovery and construction of 'digital twins' in the highly dimensional, nonlinear and stochastic domains common to biochemical engineering. We review the use of machine learning within biochemical engineering over the last 20 years. The most prevalent machine learning methods are demystified, and their impact across individual biochemical engineering subfields is outlined. In doing so we provide insights into the true benefits of each technique, and obstacles for their wider deployment. Finally, core challenges into the application of machine learning in biochemical engineering are thoroughly discussed, and further insight into adoption of innovative hybrid modelling and transfer learning strategies for development of new digital biotechnologies is provided.

关键词： Low temperature   Tea   Selenium   Metabolite   CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE   L-THEANINE   GREEN TEA   LEAVES   PLANT   STRESS   RICE   PHOTOSYNTHESIS   TANNINS   L.  

摘要： Tea is a high-value cash crop, and it is a popular beverage globally owing to its unique flavor and health benefits. Selenium can increase tea yield, and the increasing demand for selenium-enriched tea has made it a research hotspot. However, the effect of selenium on the quality and cold resistance of tea has rarely been studied. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exogenous selenium application on the physiological and biochemical properties, antioxidant enzyme activity, and quality of tea under low-temperature stress (4celcius). The results showed that selenium treatment increased the net photosynthetic rate of leaves under low-temperature stress. Furthermore, it reduced the contents of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide to stabilize plant photosynthesis and the membrane system and to improve the cold tolerance of ***, selenium treatment regulates the content of proline and increases the activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase and catalase to prevent oxidative damage caused by cold stress. In addition, treatment with selenium regulated changes in the secondary metabolites of tea under low-temperature stress, including reducing the oxidation products of polyphenols, increasing the polyphenol content, increasing sugar accumulation, and promoting the synthesis of various tea amino acids to improve tea quality.

关键词： Micropterus salmoides   Stocking density   In-pond raceway system   BODY-COMPOSITION   PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES   INTESTINAL HISTOLOGY   ANTIOXIDANT STATUS   STRESS-RESPONSE   SPARUS-AURATA   NILE TILAPIA   AQUACULTURE   PARAMETERS   METABOLISM  

摘要： The effects of stocking density on growth performance, serum biochemistry, digestive enzymes, immune response, and muscle quality of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) reared in nine in-pond raceway systems (IPRS, 22.0 m x 5.0 m x 2.0 m) were studied. M. salmoides with initial an body weight of 8.25 +/- 0.51 g and body length of 6.99 +/- 0.44 cm were reared at an initial stocking density of 90.91 ind./m(3) (low stocking density, LSD), 113.63 ind./m(3) (middle stocking density, MSD), and 136.36 ind./m(3) (high stocking density, HSD) with triplication. After 300 days of culture, MSD recorded the highest final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and yield, but the food conversion ratio in MSD was the lowest. The viscerosomatic index in LSD was significantly higher than other groups. The fish serum reared at HSD showed significantly lower total protein, higher total cholesterol, triglyceride, total bilirubin, glucose content, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase activity. Significantly lower intestinal amylase, lipase, trypsin activities, hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and higher malondialdehyde content were detected in HSD compared to others. The content of crude lipid, saturated fatty acid decreased, and total essential amino acid, delicious amino acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acid increased in muscle with stocking density increase. No significant difference was observed in muscle texture. Profitability analysis indicated the benefit-to-cost ratio varied between 1.10 and 1.68, of which MSD was significantly higher than others. The optimal stocking density for M. salmoides should be 113.63 ind./m(3) in an IPRS farm.

关键词： Gilthead seabream   Reproductive activity   Hematology   Serum biochemistry   Histopathology   Brdt gene   FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE   BASS DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX   FRESH-WATER FISH   CLOVE OIL   ASPARTATE-AMINOTRANSFERASE   TRICAINE METHANESULFONATE   ANESTHETIC EFFICACY   SEX DETERMINATION   STEROID-HORMONES   2-PHENOXYETHANOL  

摘要： This study aimed to find the relation of Sparus aurata (gilthead seabream) reproductive activities to some blood parameters as complete blood count, liver enzymes, some hormones related to reproduction process and microscopic findings of gonads, as well as expression of Bromodomain testis-specific gene. Eighty-eight sexually mature seabream were collected and investigated through the four seasons. Red blood cells were higher in autumn and spring. Hemoglobin was high in summer, MCV highest values were seen in winter and summer, while MCHC was highest in summer. The values of white blood cells increased significantly in spring, summer, and autumn compared with winter. The highest value of lymphocytes was recorded in spring and autumn. Eosinophil was recorded the highest value in the spring. The highest value of segmented neutrophils was recorded in summer. The highest value of band neutrophil was recorded in summer and winter. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase showed high values in the winter. Luteinizing hormone (LH) was higher in females, males, and hermaphrodites during winter. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was higher in females during spring. The highest value of estradiol 17-beta and progesterone was recorded in summer. The highest value of total testosterone was recorded in spring. Microscopically, ovaries were immature and inactive during spring and summer but well developed in autumn and winter. During spring and summer, testes were immature and began spermatogenesis process but well developed with the appearance of spermatids and spermatozoa during autumn and winter. The expression of Brdt was higher in testes than ovary. Brdt recorded high expression in autumn and spring than in summer and winter.

关键词： Tomato early blight   Endophytes   Trichoderma viride   Chaetomium globosum   Plant innate defense system   PERMEABLE CHANNELS   HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE   ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI   OXYGEN   RESISTANCE   DEFENSE   STRESS   BLIGHT   CELL   DISEASE  

摘要： Tomato is one of the most consumable vegetable crops worldwide. The crop is affected by several pathogens and early blight disease is one of the most deleterious diseases that can severely affect tomato foliage. The current study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the endophytic fungi Trichoderma viride and Chaetomium globosum to manage the early blight disease of tomato and to assess the plant innate defense response to the biocontrol agents application. Results revealed that foliar application of T. viride and C. globosum either alone or in combination reduced disease incidence by 73.3, 37.6, 59.1% respectively while disease severity reached 18.7, 46.4, 37.6% compared to control plants. At the same time, the treatments increased tomato growth significantly both the shoot fresh weight at a rate of 32, 9, 25% and root fresh weight at a rate of 54, 18, 27% of T. viride, C. globosum and the mixture of the two fungi respectively. Consequently, the shoot and root dry weights were increased as compared to control plants. Measurements of physiological and biochemical parameters exhibited a substantial increase in chlorophyll contents (Chl a, Chl b, Total chl) but a decrease in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), membrane ion leakage, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels at 48 and 96 h post treatments. Furthermore, assessment of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) revealed a substantial enhancement of the SOD enzymatic activities reached 3, 1.8, 2.6 folds at day 3 and 5.2, 2.8, 3.8 folds at day 5 post treatments for T. viride, C. globosum and the mixture of the two fungi respectively whereas the increase in CAT activities reached 4.6, 2.3, 2.6 folds at day 3 and 16, 9.5, 9.5 folds at day 5 of the same treatments respectively. Subsequently, it was concluded that the two fungi were able to protect tomato plants against A. alternata via suppression of disease incidence, enhancement of chlorophyll contents, improvement of the plant health and

关键词： Diseases  

关键词： Biochemical analysis   Immunohistochemical analysis   MMPs   TIMPs   ETCH-AND-RINSE   MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES   CYSTEINE CATHEPSINS   HUMAN ODONTOBLASTS   BOND STRENGTH   HYBRID LAYER   MMP ACTIVITY   IN-VIVO   CHLORHEXIDINE   COLLAGENASE  

摘要： Objectives Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes that operate a proteolytic activity at the level of the extracellular matrix. MMPs are regulated by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) that can ubiquitously bind different enzyme forms. The study aims to identify a morfo-functional association between TIMP-1 and MMP-2 and -9 in human dentin. Materials and methods Proteins were extracted from demineralized human sound dentin powder and centrifuged to separate two aliquots with different molecular weights of proteins, higher and lower than 30 kDa. In each aliquot, the evaluation of the presence of TIMP-1/MMP-2 and TIMP-1/MMP-9 was performed using co-immunoprecipitation/immunoblotting analysis. The distribution of TIMP-1, in association with MMP-2 and -9, was investigated using a double immunohistochemical technique. Furthermore, the activity of TIMP-1 was measured by reverse zymography, where acrylamide gel was copolymerized with gelatin and recombinant MMP-2. Results Co-immunoprecipitation/immunoblotting analysis showed the association TIMP-1/MMP-2 and TIMP-1/MMP-9 in human sound dentin. Electron microscopy evaluation revealed a diffuse presence of TIMP-1 tightly associated with MMP-2 and -9. Reverse zymography analysis confirmed that TIMP-1 present in human dentin is active and can bind different MMPs isoforms. Conclusions The strict association of TIMP-1 with MMP-2 and -9 in situ appeared a constant finding in the human sound dentin.

关键词： Abdominal pain   Delta-aminolevulinic acid   Heme   Porphobilinogen   Porphyrias   ACUTE INTERMITTENT PORPHYRIA   DELTA-AMINOLEVULINIC-ACID   CLINICAL MANAGEMENT   PRACTICE GUIDELINES   HEME METABOLISM   STRATEGIES   COMPLICATIONS   FEATURES   DOMINANT  

摘要： Acute hepatic porphyria (AHP) is a group of rare, metabolic diseases where patients can experience acute neurovisceral attacks, chronic symptoms, and long-term complications. Diagnostic biochemical testing is widely available and effective, but a substantial time from symptom onset to diagnosis often delays treatment and increases morbidity. A panel of laboratory scientists and clinical AHP specialists collaborated to produce recommendations on how to enhance biochemical diagnosis of AHP in the USA. AHP should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained abdominal pain, the most common symptom, soon after excluding common causes. Measurement of porphobilinogen (PBG) and porphyrins in a random urine sample, with results normalized to creatinine, is recommended as an effective and cost-efficient initial test for AHP. Delta-aminolevulinic acid testing may be included but is not essential. The optimal time to collect a urine sample is during an attack. Substantial PBG elevation confirms an AHP diagnosis and allows for prompt treatment initiation. Additional testing can determine AHP subtype and identify at-risk family members. Increased awareness of AHP and correct diagnostic methods will reduce diagnostic delay and improve patient outcomes.