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关键词： Phaeodactylum tricornutum   Quantitative proteomics   Microalgae   Wastewater   Dairy manure   Microbial lipids   FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION   ALDO-KETO REDUCTASE   LIPID-ACCUMULATION   STRESS TOLERANCE   GROWTH   IRON   MICROALGAE   GENOME   GENES   REVEALS  

摘要： Microalgae cultivation on wastewater offers the dual benefit of lowering costs for feedstock production with simultaneous wastewater remediation. This study utilized biochemical and quantitative label-free proteomic approaches to evaluate the growth and proteomic response for diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum cultivated on flushed dairy manure wastewater (DMW). Comparing several DMW dilutions (up to 60% DMW diluted in seawater) with a synthetic seawater medium indicates that biomass and lipid yields correlate with the starting nitrogen content of the DMW dilution. Phaeodactylum tricornutum cultivated on DMW exhibits elevated levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5 n-3). Proteomic analysis revealed alterations in the regulations of proteins associated with protein metabolism, cellular signaling, transcription and translation, protein trafficking. and oxidative stress management pathways when comparing P. tricornutum cultivation on diluted DMW versus synthetic media, thus providing insights into how P. tricornutum reorganizes its proteome in response to a complex wastewater source.

关键词： autoimmune hepatitis   azathioprine   thioguanine   thiopurine metabolites   outcomes   AZATHIOPRINE METABOLITES   PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS   CLINICAL-PRACTICE   THERAPY   MANAGEMENT   PHARMACOGENETICS   6-MERCAPTOPURINE   MAINTENANCE   TOXICITY   ALLOPURINOL  

摘要： Background & Aims: Patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) usually receive maintenance therapy with thiopurines, such as azathioprine (AZA) or mercaptopurine. Genetic polymorphisms in AZA metabolism can lead to variations in thioguanine nucleotide (TGN) and 6-methylmercaptopurine, both of which can cause adverse drug reactions (ADRs). In inflammatory bowel disease, a therapeutic TGN range (225-450 pmol/8x10(8) erythrocytes) has been identified to optimise effectiveness. We evaluated the benefits of a personalised medicine approach to thiopurine dosing, in comparison to standard weight-based dosing. Methods: A retrospective matched cohort study of 214 patients with AIH who were seen at King's College between 1999-2019 was performed. Metabolite levels were measured in 109 patients. The control group included 105 patients on weight-based thiopurine dosing with no metabolite monitoring. Results: Biochemical response (BR) occurred more frequently at 6-month follow-up in patients with metabolite monitoring compared to those on a weight-based regimen (77% vs. 60%, p = 0.008). This remained true with data analysis based on clinicians who measure metabolites and those who do not (BR at 6 months: 84% vs. 64%, p = 0.016). Patients with BR had TGN levels within the therapeutic range of 225-450 pmol/8x10(8) erythrocytes significantly more often than those who failed to achieve or lost BR (40% vs. 13%, p<0.0001). Moreover, TGN levels within the pre-defined therapeutic range predicted more stable disease within 6 months of testing compared to levels outside the range (p<0.0001). A high proportion of patients with sub-therapeutic TGN levels (75-225 pmol/8x10(8) erythrocytes) remained in BR (75% vs. 81%, p = 0.589) with fewer ADRs (44% vs. 86%, p = 0.0002) when compared to patients with therapeutic TGN levels. Conclusion: A strategy of personalised medicine using metabolite levels can optimise treatment regimens in AIH, resulting in fewer ADRs whilst maintaining BR. Lay summary: Th

关键词： Tomato residues   Wine residues   Anaerobic digestion   Near-infrared spectroscopy   Prediction models   TOMATO PROCESSING WASTE   GRAPE POMACE   CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION   ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION   LYCOPENE EXTRACTION   PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS   WINERY WASTE   BY-PRODUCTS   VALORIZATION   BIODEGRADABILITY  

摘要： Biorefinery approaches are suitable for agro-residues valorization. In this work, the integration of solid-liquid extraction followed by anaerobic digestion is explored. This study aims to assess the near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and multivariate regression models as reliable methods to predict the methane yield of raw and extracted agro-residues. Tomato residues (ripe semi-rotten tomato-RT, green (unripe) fruit-GT, tomato plant-TB) and grape pomace residues (GP) were extracted for phenolic compounds recovery. GP is the richest substrate in phenolic compounds (55.8 mg g-1, expressed gallic acid equivalents on a dry extract basis). The experimental values of biochemical methane potential (BMP) varied in the range128-307 NmL CH4 g-1, in volatile solid basis for tomato residues, while 115-177 NmL CH4 g-1 were determined for GP. The experimental BMP observed before and after extraction was statistically similar. The prediction based on the NIR-based model also exposes the same trend and shows a reasonable prediction error compared to other models. In conclusion, NIR spectroscopy and some multivariate regression models may be used for BMP prediction in a biorefinery context.

关键词： Endplate lesions   Lumbar spine   Risk factors   Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms   Collagen  

摘要： Purpose To detect the associations between the degree of the endplate (EP) lesions with the presence of risk factors, biochemical and genetic markers previously observed in low back pain (LBP) patients with EP defects in comparison with hernia/discopathy patients and healthy controls. Methods In this observational retrospective study, T2-weighted sagittal MRI images (n = 223 LBP patients) were scored for EP lesions by two independent observers. Total MRI score and number of affected levels (L1/L2-L5/S1) have been considered for the correlation with demographic, behavioral, clinical, biochemical (25(OH)D, CTx-I and CTx-II levels, n = 69 males) and VDR variables. Results Males showed higher BMI and total MRI score than females. Patients bearing TT compared to tt VDR genotypes showed significant higher total MRI scores. Among males (n = 125), TT, bb and aa genotypes showed increased total MRI scores. Higher total MRI score directly correlates with higher levels of CTx-I and CTx-II (n = 69 males). Conclusions The markers previously identified as associated with the presence of EP lesions have been confirmed as related to their severity and could be used to follow the pathology progression.

关键词： Antheraea mylitta   Antioxidant potential   Biomaterial   Food plants   Sericin   GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASES   ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES   OXIDATIVE STRESS   INHIBITION   PROTEIN   EXTRACTION   TYROSINASE   ELASTASE   ACID  

摘要： Sericin were isolated and characterized from tasar cocoons raised in three different food plants i.e. Terminalia arjuna, T. tomentosa and Shorea robusta for its applications. Their molecular composition, structure and physical nature were determined by elemental analysis, amino acid analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis. These results show that tasar food plants influence the physical and chemical properties of sericin. Further, sericin isolated from cocoons of S. robusta food plant shows better antioxidant potential and inhibition of tymsinase, elastase and glutathione-S-transferase activity than other food plants. This may be attributed to its amino acid variations and associated phenolic content. The present study appears to be useful in utilizing tasar sericin as a potential bio-molecule for its prospective utilization in pharmaceuticals and its associated fields.

关键词： Hypoxia tolerance   Histopathology   Hematological parameters   Enzyme activities   Phoxinus lagowskii   TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS   REGULATORY VOLUME DECREASE   PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS   DIEL-CYCLING HYPOXIA   GENE-EXPRESSION   GROWTH-PERFORMANCE   PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES   EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT   MORPHOLOGICAL-CHANGES   BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES  

摘要： Hypoxia is one of the most significant threats to biodiversity in aquatic systems. The ability of high-latitude fish to tolerate hypoxia with histological and physiological responses is mostly unknown. We address this knowledge gap by investigating the effects of exposures to different oxygen levels using Phoxinus lagowskii (a high-latitude, cold-water fish) as a model. Fish were exposed to different oxygen levels (0.5 mg/L and 3 mg/L) for 24 h. The loss of equilibrium (LOE), an indicator of acute hypoxia tolerance, was 0.21 +/- 0.01 mg/L, revealing the ability of fish to tolerate low-oxygen conditions. We sought to determine if, in P. lagowskii, the histology of gills and liver, blood indicators, enzyme activities of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and antioxidants changed to relieve stress in response to acute hypoxia. Notably, changes in vigorous jumping behavior under low oxygen revealed the exceptional hypoxia acclimation response compared with other low-latitude fish. A decrease in blood parameters, including RBC, WBC, and Hb, as well as an increase in MCV was observed compared to the controls. The increased total area in lamella and decreased ILCM volume in P. lagowskii gills were detected in the present study. Our results also showed the size of vacuoles in the livers of the hypoxic fish shrunk. Interestingly, an increase in the enzyme activity of lipid metabolism but not glucose metabolism was observed in the groups exposed to hypoxia at 6 h and 24 h. After combining histology and physiology results, our findings provide evidence that lipid metabolism plays a crucial role in enhancing hypoxia acclimation in P. lagowskii. Additionally, SOD activity significantly increased during hypoxia, suggesting the presence of an antioxidant response of P. lagowskii during hypoxia. High expression levels of lipogenesis and lipolysis-related genes were detected in the 6 h 3 mg/L and 24 h 3 mg/L hypoxia group. Enhanced expression of lipid-metabolism genes (ALS4, PGC-1,

关键词： FLUCTUATIONS  

摘要： The importance of adsorption-based biochemical/biological sensors in biochemistry and biophysics is paramount. Their temporal response gives information about the presence of a biochemical/biological analyte, its concentration and its interactions with the adsorption sites (which may be an integral part of the surface itself or immobilized functionalizing molecules). Mathematical models of the temporal response taking into account as many relevant effects as possible are essential for obtaining reliable information. We present a novel model taking into account the bimodal affinity of a sensing surface (adsorption occurs on two distinct site types), and the adsorption-caused depletion of the analyte from the sample. We perform qualitative and quantitative analysis of the analyte depletion influence on the bimodal adsorption, and of the influence of the sensing surface inhomogeneity on the sensor temporal response, for different analyte concentrations and different fractions of two types of adsorption sites. Since the presented mathematical model deals with the realistic cases of the sensing surface non-uniformity and the finite amount of analyte present in the sensor reaction chamber, it enables improved accuracy in interpreting the measurement data. Our results are general, i.e. valid for any adsorption sensor (microcantilevers, plasmonics) and for arbitrary sensor dimensions.

关键词： Fermented sausage   Traditional practice   Composition   Fatty acid   Biogenic amine   BIOGENIC-AMINES   MEAT-PRODUCTS   PROTEOLYSIS   FAT  

摘要： Three Serbian traditional dry-fermented sausages,Sremski kulen(S),Lemeski kulen(L) andPetrovacka kobasica(P), were compared for physicochemical, biochemical and microbiological properties, in order to provide complex overview of their quality and safety. The sausages were produced and analyzed within two production seasons in traditional practice. Water activity, color, texture and proximate composition varied significantly (P < 0.05), particularly due to moisture, protein and fat content, what indicated differences in basic formulation of raw sausage mixture, type of casing and some technological procedures. Based on the fatty acid profile the most favorable PUFA/SFA ratio was obtained in sausage P (0.68), while the obtained results for acid value (15.2-22.4 mg KOH/g lipid) and TBARS value (0.27-0.55 mg malondialdyde/kg) indicated low level of lipid degradation and oxidation in all samples. Regarding the microbial and biogenic amines (BA) analysis, positive outcome of this research is the total absence of all pathogenic microorganisms examined, while the registered levels of BA showed a great variability among the sausages. In particular, total BA content in L attained level that is approx. 50% higher than the recommended one. Hence, special care should be implemented regarding the future production and consumption of this type of sausage. Overall results of this study may be useful to define complete distinctive features of these sausages, to determine relations among them, as well as to improve some phases of traditional manufacturing process.

关键词： Nitrogen fertilizer   Nilaparvata lugens (Stal)   Buprofezin   Esterase   Resistance development   BROWN PLANTHOPPER   TETRANYCHUS-CINNABARINUS   INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE   POPULATIONS   SELECTION   PESTS  

摘要： Overusing nitrogen fertilizer not only pollute farmlands, but also make Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) less susceptible to pesticides. The current study investigated the relationship between nitrogen fertilizer application and buprofenzin resistance in N. lugens in rice by conducting a series of field efficacy tests and laboratory bioassays. The results showed that the efficacy of buprofezin decreased significantly with high level of nitrogen fertilizer application, compared to those with low or no nitrogen application in rice fields. In the laboratory, the resistance ratios of N. lugens to buprofezin, assayed at three concentrations of nitrogen (0, 1.0, 3.0 mmol/L), have developed to 14.05-, 18.40- and 25.81-fold after 20 generations of resistance selection, respectively. Meanwhile, the resistance ratios of N. lugens without buprofezin treated were 1.00-, 3.30- and 4.67-fold after 20 generations as the nitrogen concentrations increased. The enzymatic assays revealed that the activities of P450 and esterase increased significantly after resistance selection with buprofezin and nitrogen, especially on the esterase activity in N. lugens under the condition of nitrogen treatment. These results suggested that nitrogen fertilizer application contributed to the resistance development in N. lugens to buprofezin by enhancing the activity of esterase.

关键词： Indol-3-butyric acid (IBA)   Phase change   Rooting   Stem-cutting anatomy   Vegetative propagation   EUCALYPTUS-GRANDIS   METABOLIC-CHANGES   GENE-EXPRESSION   DONOR PLANTS   AUXIN   PEROXIDASE   CORYMBIA   JUVENILE   QUALITY   LIGHT  

摘要： Key Message Anatomical evidences suggest that differences in rooting ability among Acca sellowiana materials are explained by earlier phase change in difficult to root genotypes. Successful development of adventitious roots (AR) in cuttings imposes an important limitation to the propagation of woody plants and in some species, the ability to form AR is strongly affected by genotype. However, we lack an understanding of the differences among genotypes underlying such different responses in various species. We examined the anatomical and biochemical effects of exogenous indol-3-butyric acid and type of cutting in rooting experiments of two Acca sellowiana genotypes with contrasting rooting ability. New meristems developed outside the cambial ring, without callus formation by day fourteen and new adventitious roots grew through the cortex emerging by day 28. Both anatomically in vivo and biochemically in vitro, cuttings from the different genotypes behaved differently. We found anatomical differences between the genotypes that might explain the differences in rooting ability. An earlier development of a periderm was present in the difficult-to-root genotype. This secondary dermal tissue could be used as a reliable phase-change marker to distinguish juvenile from mature plant parts which have lost rooting capacity.