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关键词： Boscalid   Tebuconazole   Ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor (EBI)   Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI)   Toxic interactions   Binary exposures   DAPHNIA-MAGNA   WATER   PESTICIDES   PULEX   BIOACCUMULATION   ECOTOXICOLOGY   VARIABILITY   BIOMARKERS   AMPHIPODA   CRUSTACEA  

摘要： Persistent fungicides, which are widely applied to agricultural soils to protect crops, are frequently detected in freshwaters because of hydraulic transfer, possibly resulting in unintentional adverse effects on wildlife. However, the ecotoxicity of fungicides in aquatic species remains scarcely assessed at environmentally relevant concentrations, and there is scant information available on their combined effects. This study aims at investigating multi-level changes elicited by two currently used fungicides, boscalid and tebuconazole, in the amphipod Gammarus fossarum. In microcosms, gammarids were exposed for 72 h to fungicides tested individually or in binary mixture at 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mu g/L to monitor individual performances (locomotion, respiration and amplexus formation) and biochemical parameters (involved in energy metabolism, growth, moulting and cell stress). This range of exposure concentrations was field-realistic and largely lower than local environmental quality standards for the protection of aquatic wildlife. Overall, results showed that single and combined exposures altered the mobility and respiratory activity of individuals. At the cellular level, boscalid inhibited energy-based biomarkers whereas tebuconazole led to cytotoxicity associated with reduced antioxidant defences. In binary mixtures, the biochemical responses were mainly driven by the presence of boscalid. Multi-variable analyses, integrating individual alterations and cellular impairments alike, confirmed the relevance of the multilevel approach in forecasting the toxicity of fungicides and their mixtures towards other aquatic species. This study demonstrates dose-related sublethal effects of fungicides on multiple functional traits in an ecosystem engineer under realistic exposure scenarios, highlighting the harmful signs of these toxicants. Such sublethal alterations could thus constitute reliable tools for the early diagnosis of the organisms' health and the ecological status of

关键词： Radiotherapy   Prostate   Prostatic Neoplasms   Sildenafil Citrate   Randomized Controlled Trial   Biochemical Recurrence   5 INHIBITOR USE   IMPROVES SELECT ASPECTS   SEXUAL FUNCTION   RADIOTHERAPY   MEN  

摘要： Background: Sildenafil citrate has been shown to be protective of sexual function when given concurrently and following prostate radiation therapy (RT), but some evidence suggests an increased biochemical recurrence (BCR) risk in patients taking sildenafil after radical prostatectomy. Aim: To evaluate whether sildenafil use is associated with increased risk of BCR in patients receiving prostate RT, we performed a secondary analysis of a randomized placebo-controlled trial (RPCT) that compared sildenafil citrate to placebo during and after prostate RT. Methods: The study population consisted of prostate cancer patients who initiated radiation treatment at our institution and participated in our multi-institutional RPCT that compared 6 months of sildenafil 50 mg once a day to placebo with a 24-month follow-up. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was allowed. Prostate cancer prognostic risk grouping was not an exclusion criterion, but most study participants had low-or intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Statistical analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank testing. Outcomes: The primary outcomes of this report were biochemical recurrence and overall survival rates, where BCR was defined according to the Phoenix definition. Results: Data of 162 men were analyzed. Nine men had inadequate PSA follow-up and the remaining 153 men were included in the final report. Median age was 61 years. At a median follow-up of 8.3 years (range: 3.0-12.2), 5/94 (5.3%) and 2/59 (3.4%) patients developed BCR in the sildenafil and placebo groups, respectively. The 6-year BCR-free survival was 98.8% for all patients, 98.1% for the sildenafil cohort, and 100% for the placebo cohort. The 10-year BCR-free survival was 94.4% for all patients, 95.6% for the sildenafil cohort, and 92.9% for the placebo cohort. There was no difference in BCR-free survival between the sildenafil and placebo groups by log-rank comparison (p = 0.36). Clinical implications: This analysis informs clinic

关键词： Biochar   Soil amendment   Respiration   Ageing effects   Mean residence time   Soil organic matter degradability   TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY   CARBON DECOMPOSITION   BIOMASS PYROLYSIS   CONTAMINATED SOIL   ORGANIC-MATTER   STABILITY   IMMOBILIZATION   MINERALIZATION   STABILIZATION   MECHANISMS  

摘要： This study assesses the biochemical degradability of biochars produced from five contrasting crop residues (rice husk, olive pit, almond shell, maize straw and wood chips) in acidic soils contaminated with trace elements. For this purpose, highly and moderately acid soils were amended with each of the proposed biochars and subjected to a microbial degradation experiment under controlled conditions for 155 days. CO2 production of pure biochars fitted with a single exponential model, indicating that they only had one C pool. Among the biochars studied, those derived from olive pit and almond shell showed the greatest stability, with mean residence times (MRT) of 293 and 214 years, respectively, whereas, maize straw biochar revealed MRT of 82 years. Despite that the average MRT of all tested biochars under controlled conditions were shorter than usually reported, biochar addition increased the MRT of the recalcitrant C pool of the studied soils by a factor from 2x to 13 x . Solid-state 13C NMR spectra confirmed a partial cracking of the biochar aromatic network during the experiment due to microbial degradation or physical alteration processes. It was further noted that biochar degradability depended on its aromaticity but we have also observed that in highly acidic and metal-contaminated soils biochar is less degraded, probably due to the difficulties for microbial development at these soils.

关键词： gamma-Aminophosphonates   gamma-Aminophosphine oxides   gamma-Oximophosphine oxides   Clams   Oxidative stress   Respiration   Filtration   Metals accumulation   OXIDATIVE STRESS   WASTE-WATER   BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION   CORBICULA-FLUMINEA   ASIAN CLAM   ACID   ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE   BEHAVIOR   AMINOPHOSPHONATES   DERIVATIVES  

摘要： Organophosphorus derivatives are widely used in human health care and have been detected in aquatic ecosystems. These compounds may pose significant risks to non-target exposed organisms and only limited studies are available on bioconcentration and the effects of organophosphorus derivatives on marine organisms. The aim of this work was to evaluate the possible toxic effects of two concentrations (20 and 40 mu g/L) of gamma-oximo- and gamma-amino-phosphonates and phosphine oxides in mediterranean clams Ruditapes decussatus exposed for 14 days using different biomarkers and the changes of filtration and respiration rate. The use of clams in ecotoxicity evaluation is thus mandatory to assess the feasibility of assessing oxidative stress on R. decussatus after being exposed to gamma-oximo- and gamma-amino-phosphonates and phosphine oxides. The oxidative status was analyzed by measuring oxidative stress biomarkers RNS and ROS production in mitochondria, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), whose alteration was indicative of organophosphorus exposure, in both gills and digestive gland of the clams. No significant alterations in RNS, ROS production, SOD, CAT and AChE activities and MDA content were observed in both organs of clams treated with gamma-oximophosphine oxides. It was possible then to hypothesize that gamma-oximophosphine oxides may have probably exerted an incomplete alteration of antioxidant defenses and damage, which was changed by the activation of defense mechanisms. On the contrary, oxidative stress parameters were changed after exposure to gamma-amino-phosphonates and phosphine oxides. In addition, metals accumulation, filtration and respiration rates were altered following exposure to all the studied organophosphorus compounds.

关键词： Computation   Logic gates   Electronic devices bio-analogs   Enzyme kinetics   Ultrasensitivity   Michaelis-Menten kinetics   Systems biology   Mathematical modeling   NEURAL-NETWORKS   ULTRASENSITIVITY   LOGIC  

摘要： The understanding of the biochemical processes underpinning various biological systems has significantly increased in recent decades and has even prompted reverse engineering of certain of life's more complex processes. The most prominent example is modern computers designed to mimic neuron activity. This work forms part of growing endeavors to return advances in the theory of computation and electronics to biology. In this context, we present a set of requirements sufficient for the design of biochemical analogs of modern electronics in a hierarchical, modular fashion that mimics the design of modern computational devices. This theoretical approach is based on a simple enzymatic analog of the transistor and supported by numerical simulations of biochemical models of enzymatic networks equivalent to complex, and modular, interconnecting electronic circuitry (including clocks, Flip-Flops, adders, decoders, and multiplexers). Furthermore, the proposed approach has been implemented in the form of a Python library capable of creating and testing models of complex bioanalog digital computations based on the execution of an elementary universal logic gate. In tribute to Claude Shannon, our biochemical network materializes his example of a "password" recognition that moves the language of the modern theory of automata beyond combinatorial logic and towards sequential logic.

关键词： Articular cartilage   Subchondral bone   Microarchitecture   Biochemical composition  

摘要： This study aims to investigate how biochemical composition in subchondral bone (SB) relates to the sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content of articular cartilage (AC) in the knee joint of guinea pigs from the early to moderate osteoarthritis (OA). Male Dunkin Hartley strain guinea pigs were grouped according to age (1, 3, 6, and 9 months, with 10 guinea pigs in each group). The biochemical properties of the AC and SB in the tibial plateau of the guinea pigs were determined through histology and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. Furthermore, the microstructures of the SB were investigated using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histology. Increased thickness and bone mineral density (BMD) and decreased porosity were observed in the subchondral plate (SP) with the progression of spontaneous OA, accompanied by a decreasing trend in sGAG integrated optical density (IOD) of AC. Compared with the changes in the microstructure of subchondral bone, the content of sGAG was more correlated to the changes in the mineral/matrix ratio of subchondral bone. The mineralization of the matrix was significantly correlated to the content of sGAG compared with crystallinity/maturity and Type B carbonate substitution. PO43- nu 1/Amide III was more correlated to the content of sGAG than PO43- nu 1/Amide I, PO43- nu 1/CH2 wag during the progression of spontaneous osteoarthritis. This study demonstrated that the mineralization of subchondral bone plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of OA. Future studies may access to the mineralization of subchondral bone in addition to its microstructure in the study for pathogenesis and early diagnosis of osteoarthritis.

关键词： 18F-Fluorocholine (FCH)   68Ga-PSMA-11   Biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer   Detection rate   Evaluation of diagnostic strategy   PSA serum level   DIAGNOSIS   LIGAND   PSA   RECOMMENDATIONS   INTEROBSERVER   RADIOTHERAPY   AGREEMENT   IMPACT   MEN  

摘要： Introduction Despite growing evidence of a superior diagnostic performance of Ga-68-PSMA-11 over F-18-fluorocholine (FCH) PET/CT, the number of PET/CT centres able to label on site with gallium-68 is still currently limited. Therefore, patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer frequently undergo FCH as the 1st-line PET/CT. Actually, the positivity rate (PR) of a second-line PSMA-11 PET/CT in case of negative FCH PET/CT has only been reported in few short series, in a total of 185 patients. Our aims were to check (1) whether the excellent PR reported with PSMA-11 is also obtained in BCR patients whose recent FCH PET/CT was negative or equivocal; (2) in which biochemical and clinical context a high PSMA-11 PET/CT PR may be expected in those patients, in particular revealing an oligometastatic pattern; (3) whether among the various imaging protocols for PSMA-11 PET/CT used in France, one yields a significantly highest PR; (4) the tolerance of PSMA-11. Patients and methods Six centres performed Ga-68-PSMA-11 PET/CTs during the first 3 years of its use in France. Prior to each PET/CT, the patient's data were submitted prospectively for authorisation to ANSM, the French Medicine Agency. The on-site readings of 1084 PSMA-11 PET/CTs in BCR patients whose recent FCH PET/CTs resulted negative or equivocal were pooled and analysed. Results (1) The overall PR was 68%; for a median serum PSA level (sPSA) of 1.7 ng/mL, an oligometastatic pattern (1-3 foci) was observed in 31% of the cases overall; (2) PR was significantly related to sPSA (from 41% if < 0.2 ng/mL to 81% if >= 2 ng/mL), to patients' age, to initial therapy (64% if prostatectomy vs. 85% without prostatectomy due to frequent foci in the prostate fossa), to whether FCH PET/CT was negative or equivocal (PR = 62% vs. 82%), and to previous BCR (PR = 63% for 1st BCR vs. 72% in case of previous BCR); (3) no significant difference in PR was found according to the imaging protocol: injected activity, admi

关键词： Phytoremediation   Removal   ROS   Antioxidant enzymes   Cypermethrin   Pollution   Plantago major L   Solanum lycopersicum L  

摘要： Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly therapy to minimize soil pollution. Cypermethrin (CYP) is one of the most frequently used pyrethroid insecticides against a variety of pests. We aimed at evaluating the potential of using an economic plant like tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) as a control alone and together with Plantago major L. (PM) for the uptake of CYP residue from contaminated soil, also, investigating the antioxidant enzymes such as (SOD, POD, and CAT) in roots of PM and tomato. For the first time, we studied the intercropping between PM on tomato plants for the uptake of CYP residue from contaminated soil and phytoremediation of PM as a curative plant to save tomato plants from CYP residue. In a pot experiment, we have cultivated PM and tomato in soil polluted with CYP (10 mu g g(-1)). Data showed that PM and tomato accumulated significant amounts of CYP in their tissues. However, PM is better than tomato in uptake CYP from the soil. The longest half-life value (t(1/2)) of CYP was in PM + tomato together treatment (12.7 days), and the shortest was in the soil with tomato alone (6.81 days). Moreover, the activity of SOD, POD, and CAT in treated tomato and PM roots significantly (p > 0.05) exceeded control plants after 8 days from exposure. In this study, a good strategy was recommended to uptake CYP residue from soil by PM and protect tomato plants from CYP residue as well as safe for human and non-target organisms.

关键词： Biomarkers   Gene expression signature   Quantitative PCR   Microarrays   Risk stratification   CYCLE PROGRESSION SCORE   RISK   RADIOTHERAPY   METASTASES   VALIDATION   ADJUVANT   UTILITY   MEN  

摘要： Objective: The purpose of the study was to develop an improved classifier for predicting biochemical recurrence (BCR) in clinically localized PCa patients after radical prostatectomy. Methods and materials: Retrospective study including 122 PCa patients who attended our department between 2000 and 2007. Gene expression patterns were analyzed in 21 samples from 7 localized, 6 locally advanced, and 8 metastatic PCa patients using Illumina microarrays. Expression levels of 41 genes were validated by quantitative PCR in 101 independent PCa patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify individual predictors of BCR. A risk score for predicting BCR including clinicopathological and gene expression variables was developed. Interaction networks were built by GeneMANIA Cytoscape plugin. Results: A total of 37 patients developed BCR (36.6%) in a median follow-up of 120 months. Expression levels of 7,930 transcripts differed between clinically localized and locally advanced-metastatic PCa groups (FDR < 0.1). We found that expression of ASF1B and MCL1 as well as Gleason score, extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle invasion, and positive margins were independent prognostic factors of BCR. A risk score generated using these variables was able to discriminate between 2 groups of patients with a significantly different probability of BCR (HR 6.24; CI 3.23-12.4, P< 0.01), improving the individual discriminative performance of each of these variables on their own. Direct interactions between the 2 genes of the model were not found. Conclusion: Combination of gene expression patterns and clinicopathological variables in a robust, easy-to-use, and reliable classifier may contribute to improve PCa risk stratification. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nano-selenium   Nano-magnesium   Lates calcarifer   Digestive enzymes   Hepatic enzymes   Growth   TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS   DIETARY SELENIUM   COMMON CARP   VITAMIN-E   ELEMENTAL SELENIUM   ANTIOXIDANT STATUS   OXIDATIVE STRESS   BLOOD PARAMETERS   SOYBEAN-MEAL   PERFORMANCE  

摘要： This study aimed to investigate the effect of selenium and magnesium nanoparticles and their combination on growth, serum biochemical and immune parameters, serum hepatic enzymes, and digestive enzymes in Asian Sea bass (Lates calcarifer), with an average weight of 32.78 +/- 1.16 g for 42 days. After 4 weeks of adaptation to experimental conditions, 96 fish were randomly distributed equally in 12 cylindrical 300-l fiberglass tanks. Four treatment groups included control, 4 mg nano-selenium (Nano-Se), 500 mg nano-magnesium (Nano-Mg), and a combined treatment of 4 mg Nano-SE + 500 mg Nano-Mg treatments examined in this study. The fish fed twice a day as satiation. The results showed fish fed with combined treatment showed the highest rate of body weight gain and the specific growth rate. Digestive enzymes were significantly different between experimental treatments (p < 0.05), whereas amylase did not show a significant difference between experimental treatments (p > 0.05). The results of this study showed that serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and protein indices did not show any significant difference (p > 0.05). The immunoglobulin, IgM, C3, and ACH50 indexes did not differ significantly between the experimental treatments (p > 0.05). But cortisol and lysozyme were significantly different between the experimental treatments (p < 0.05). Serum levels of SGPT, SGOT, ALP, and LDH decreased in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). The results of the present study showed that adding Nano-Se and Nano-Mg to the diet ofL. calcariferhad a positive effect on the growth and non-specific immune system with no disturbance in serum biochemical and hepatic enzymes parameters.