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关键词： bacterial translocation   emulsifiers   food additives   gut microbiota   intestinal health and inflammation   metabolic syndrome   LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-BINDING PROTEIN   ULTRA-PROCESSED FOODS   ESCHERICHIA-COLI   GUT MICROBIOTA   DIETARY EMULSIFIERS   CROHNS-DISEASE   ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS   INSULIN SENSITIVITY   BACTERIAL UPTAKE   INFLAMMATION  

摘要： Emulsifiers are common components of processed foods consumed as part of a Western diet. Emerging in vitro cell-line culture, mouse model and human intestinal tissue explant studies have all suggested that very low concentrations of the food emulsifier polysorbate 80 may cause bacterial translocation across the intestinal epithelium, intestinal inflammation and metabolic syndrome. This raises the possibility that dietary emulsifiers might be factors in conditions such as coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes and Crohn's disease. The potential mechanism behind the observed effects of this emulsifier is uncertain but may be mediated via changes in the gut microbiota or by increased bacterial translocation, or both. It is also unknown whether these effects are generalisable across all emulsifiers and detergents, including perhaps the natural emulsifier lecithin or even conjugated bile acids, particularly if the latter escape reabsorption and pass through to the distal ileum or colon. A major objective of the Medical Research Council (MRC)-funded Mechanistic Nutrition in Health (MECNUT) Emulsifier project is therefore to investigate the underlying mechanisms and effects of a range of synthetic and natural emulsifiers and detergents in vitro and in vivo, and to determine the effects of a commonly consumed emulsifier (soya lecithin) on gut and metabolic health through a controlled dietary intervention study in healthy human volunteers - the FADiets study. This report provides an overview of the relevant literature, discussing the impact of emulsifiers and other additives on intestinal and metabolic health, and gives an overview of the studies being undertaken as part of the MECNUT Emulsifier project.

关键词： Phenolic compounds   caffeine   diterpenes   metabolic syndrome   mental health   liver disease   antioxidant   antimicrobial   modulators   risk factors   pregnancy   cigarette smoking   GAMMA-GLUTAMYL-TRANSFERASE   CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE   LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT   IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE   CHOLESTEROL-RAISING FACTOR   PLASMA TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE   ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE   ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY   CHLOROGENIC ACID   CAFFEINE CONSUMPTION  

摘要： Coffee is a composite mixture of more than a thousand diverse phytochemicals like alkaloids, phenolic compounds, vitamins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals and nitrogenous compounds. Coffee has multifunctional properties as a food additive and nutraceutical. As a nutraceutical, coffee has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antidyslipidemic, anti-obesity, type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which can serve for the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome and associated disorders. On the other hand, as a food additive, coffee has antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms, inhibits lipid peroxidation (LPO), and can function as a prebiotic. The outcomes of different studies also revealed that coffee intake may reduce the incidence of numerous chronic diseases, like liver disease, mental health, and it also overcomes the all-cause mortality, and suicidal risks. In some studies, high intake of coffee is linked to increase CVD risk factors, like cholesterol, plasma homocysteine and blood pressure (BP). There is also a little evidence that associated the coffee consumption with increased risk of lung tumors in smokers. Among adults who consume the moderate amount of coffee, there is slight indication of health hazards with strong indicators of health benefits. Moreover, existing literature suggests that it may be cautious for pregnant women to eliminate the chances of miscarriages and impaired fetal growth. The primary purpose of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the findings of the positive impacts and risks of coffee consumption on human health. In conclusion, to date, the best available evidence from research indicates that drinking coffee up to 3-4 cups/day provides health benefits for most people.

关键词： 中文核心期刊   中华预防医学会   中国期刊全文数据库   征订启事   卫生信息   中国科学引文数据库   邮发代号   ISSN  

摘要： 《中国食品卫生杂志》创刊于1989年,由中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会主管,中华预防医学会、中国卫生信息与健康医疗大数据学会主办。本刊为中文核心期刊(2008、2011、2017版)、中国科学引文数据库核心刊(C刊)、中国科技核心期刊、中国精品科技期刊。中国知网(CNKI)中国期刊全文数据库收录。2019年版影响因子1.465,曾多年获得中华预防医学会优秀期刊一等奖。刊号:ISSN 1004-8456、CN 11-3156/R,邮发代号:82-450,双月刊,国内公开发行。