关键词:
File system
Persistent memory
Wear-leveling
Multi-grained allocator
摘要:
Persistent memory(PM)file systems have been developed to achieve high performance by exploiting the advanced features of PMs,including nonvolatility,byte addressability,and dynamic random access memory(DRAM)like ***,these PMs suffer from limited write *** space management strategies of PM file systems can induce a severely unbalanced wear problem,which can damage the underlying PMs *** this paper,we propose a Wear-leveling-aware Multi-grained Allocator,called WMAlloc,to achieve the wear leveling of PMs while improving the performance of file *** adopts multiple min-heaps to manage the unused space of *** heap represents an allocation ***,WMAlloc allocates less-worn blocks from the corresponding min-heap for allocation ***,to avoid recursive split and inefficient heap locations in WMAlloc,we further propose a bitmap-based multi-heap tree(BMT)to enhance WMAlloc,namely,*** implement WMAlloc and WMAlloc-BMT in the Linux kernel based on NOVA,a typical PM file *** results show that,compared with the original NOVA and dynamic wear-aware range management(DWARM),which is the state-of-the-art wear-leveling-aware allocator of PM file systems,WMAlloc can,respectively,achieve 4.11×and 1.81×maximum write number reduction and 1.02×and 1.64×performance with four workloads on ***,WMAlloc-BMT outperforms WMAlloc with 1.08×performance and achieves 1.17×maximum write number reduction with four workloads on average.