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关键词： Primary breast lymphoma   Secondary breast lymphoma   Breast tumor   Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma   CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES   OUTCOMES  

摘要： We performed a retrospective analysis of DLBCL with breast involvement to compare the prognosis of primary breast lymphoma (PBL) to secondary breast lymphoma (SBL; especially in limited stage cases). We retrospectively reviewed records of 25 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients with breast involvement who received chemotherapy between January 2000 and August 2012. We compared clinical features and prognosis among patients with PBL (n = 11), limited stage SBL (LSBL;n = 6), and advanced stage SBL (ASBL,n = 8). The PBL group had significantly lesser patients with breast tumours (BTs) > 5 cm than the SBL group (P = 0.02). After a median follow-up of 71.3 months, we observed significantly better 5-year overall survival (OS) in the PBL group (90.0%) than in the LSBL (33.3%,P = 0.01) group, but not for progression-free survival (PFS). Patients with BT > 5 cm had worse OS (P = 0.01) and PFS (P = 0.04) than those with BT <= 5 cm. PBL had a better prognosis than SBL among limited stage DLBCL.

关键词： k-meaning logics functions   unreliable functional elements   reliability and unreliability of circuit   synthesis of circuits from unreliable elements   faults at the outputs of elements  

摘要： We consider the problem of the realization of k-meaning logics functions(k >= 3) by circuits from unreliable elements in full basis consisting of the Webb function. We assume that elements of the circuit pass to fault states independently of each other, and they are exposed to single-type constant faults of type k - 1 at the outputs. We prove that almost any k-meaning logics function can be implemented by an asymptotically optimal in reliability circuit functioning with the unreliability which is asymptotically equal to 3 epsilon with epsilon -> 0.

关键词： Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)   Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)   Liver-infiltrating immune cells   Therapeutic response   CIRRHOSIS   PATHOGENESIS   AUTOIMMUNITY  

摘要： Background: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is characterized by nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis and is thought to be an autoimmune disorder. Currently, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the only FDA approved first line therapy for PBC, but up to nearly one-third of patients do not achieve a complete response to this treatment. Adaptive immune cells, including T cells and B cells, have been found in the portal tracts and the bile duct epithelium and play a role in the pathogenesis of PBC, but the importance of these cells for evaluating the therapeutic response to UDCA in PBC has not yet been studied. Methods: In this study, we collected liver puncture biopsy specimens from 34 matched patients with PBC before and after UDCA treatment and investigated the relationship between the infiltration of adaptive immune cells and the treatment response to UDCA. The extent of immune cell infiltration was determined by immunohistochemical analysis. Responses were defined based on Paris-I criteria Results: After 1 year of treatment, 25/34 patients responded to UDCA treatment according to Paris-I criteria (responders), and 9/34 patients were nonresponders. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that UDCA responders exhibited significantly less CD4+ T cell infiltration after UDCA treatment than before (50.4 7.5/HPF vs 30.0 +/- 7.9/HPF, P = 0.002). In contrast, UDCA nonresponders exhibited significantly more CD4+ T cell infiltration after UDCA treatment than before (32.2 +/- 8.0/HPF vs 75.0 +/- 13.9/HPF, P = 0.045). Moreover, patients who exhibited a reduction in CD4+ T cell infiltration after UDCA treatment had a higher response rate than those that exhibited an increase in CD4+ T cell infiltration (85.7 % vs 53.8 %, P = 0.041). However, CD3+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, and CD20+ B cell infiltration was not significantly different before and after treatment in either UDCA responders or nonresponders. Furthermore, we found that the number of infiltrating T-bet+ Th1 cells was much lower

关键词： Decellularization   Recellularization   Airway smooth muscle cells   Extracellular matrix   Asthma   CULTURE-SYSTEMS   LUNG SCAFFOLDS   DECELLULARIZATION   ELASTIN   PEPTIDE   ASTHMA   MIGRATION   DISEASE   TISSUES   2D  

摘要： Severe asthma is associated with an increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass and altered composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Studies have indicated that ECM-ASM cell interactions contribute to this remodeling and its limited reversibility with current therapy. Three-dimensional matrices allow the study of complex cellular responses to different stimuli in an almost natural environment. Our goal was to obtain acellular bronchial matrices and then develop a recellularization protocol with ASM cells. We studied equine bronchi as horses spontaneously develop a human asthma-like disease. The bronchi were decellularized using Triton/Sodium Deoxycholate. The obtained scaffolds retained their anatomical and histological properties. Using immunohistochemistry and a semi quantitative score to compare native bronchi to scaffolds revealed no significant variation for matrixial proteins. DNA quantification and electrophoresis revealed that most DNA was 29.6 ng/mg of tissue 5.6, with remaining fragments of less than 100 bp. Primary ASM cells were seeded on the scaffolds. Histological analysis of the recellularizations showed that ASM cells migrated and proliferated primarily in the decellularized smooth muscle matrix, suggesting a chemotactic effect of the scaffolds. This is the first report of primary ASM cells preferentially repopulating the smooth muscle matrix layer in bronchial matrices. This protocol is now being used to study the molecular interactions occurring between the asthmatic ECMs and ASM to identify effectors of asthmatic bronchial remodeling. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma   Multiple malignancy   Field cancerization   Postoperative surveillance   CANCER-PATIENTS   PHASE-II   RISK   HEAD   SURVEILLANCE   MICROBIOME  

摘要： Purpose We evaluated the efficacy of the long-term follow-up of patients who underwent radical esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) to screen for recurrence and new primary malignancies. Methods We retrospectively collected 448 ESCC patients who underwent radical esophagectomy. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, computed tomography, a stool test and the assessment of the serum concentration of squamous cell carcinoma antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen were performed annually, even over 5 years after esophagectomy. The incidence of ESCC recurrence and new primary malignancies was investigated. Results We enrolled 222 patients who survived at least 5 years after esophagectomy. A total of 104 new primary malignancies occurred in 82 patients (36.9%) after esophagectomy. Twenty-one malignancies were in the head and neck region, 14 in the residual esophagus, 13 in the prostate and 11 in the gastric tube and lung. Patients who developed new primary malignancies after esophagectomy had a significantly higher Brinkman index than those without new malignancies. An endoscopic approach successfully treated 92.9% of carcinomas in the residual esophagus, 90.9% of cancers in the gastric tube and 42.9% of carcinomas in the head and neck region. Conclusion The incidence of new primary malignancies was higher than the age-standardized incidence. Long-term follow-up and systemic screening may increase the probability of an early diagnosis and subsequent low-invasive treatment.

关键词： Broiler chickens   Innate immunity   NK cells   Intraepithelial lymphocytes   IEL   DELTA T-CELLS   POSTNATAL-DEVELOPMENT   GROWTH-PERFORMANCE   NK CELLS   EXPRESSION   IDENTIFICATION   LYMPHOCYTES   POPULATION   ACTIVATION   RECEPTORS  

摘要： Restrictions on antimicrobials demand alternative strategies to improve broiler health, such as supplying feed additives which stimulate innate immune cells like natural killer (NK) cells. The main objective of this study was to characterize intestinal NK cells in broiler chickens during embryonic and early life and compare these to NK cells in spleen, blood and bone marrow. Also T-cell subsets were determined. The majority of intestinal NK cells expressed IL-2R alpha rather than 20E5 and 5C7, and showed low level of activation. Within intestinal NK cells the activation marker CD107 was mostly expressed on IL-2R alpha(+) cells while in spleen and blood 20E5(+) NK cells primarily expressed CD107. High percentages of intestinal CD8 alpha alpha(+), CD8 alpha beta(+) and from 2 weeks onward also gamma delta T cells were found. Taken together, we observed several intestinal NK subsets in broiler chickens. Differences in NK subsets were mostly observed between organs, rather than differences over time. Targeting these intestinal NK subsets may be a strategy to improve immune-mediated resistance in broiler chickens.

关键词： Glioblastoma   Human primary cell line   IDH   MGMT   Temozolomide   CODON 132 MUTATION   IDH1 MUTATIONS   H3.3   IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY   SURVIVAL  

摘要： Background Gliomas represent about 80% of primary brain tumours and about 30% of malignant ones, which today don't have a resolution therapy because of their variability. A valid model for the study of new personalized therapies can be represented by primary cultures from patient's tumour biopsies. Methods In this study we consider 12 novel cell lines established from patients' gliomas and immunohistochemically and molecularly characterized according to the newly updated 2016 CNS Tumour WHO classification. Results Eight of these lines were glioblastoma cells, two grade III glioma cells (anaplastic astrocytoma and oligo astrocytoma) and two low grade glioma cells (grade II astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma). All cell lines were analysed by immunohistochemistry for specific glioma markers, respectively VIMENTIN, GFAP, IDH1R132, and ATRX. The methylation status of the MGMT gene promoter was also determined in all lines. The comparison of the immunohistochemical characteristics and of the MGMT methylation status of the lines with the tissues of origin shows that the cells in culture maintain the same characteristics. Conclusions Human cancer cell lines represent a support in the knowledge of tumour biology and in drug discovery through its facile experimental manipulation.

关键词： Neighborhood classification   Socioeconomic segregation   Urban infrastructure   Cluster analysis   Latin American cities   RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION   SOCIOECONOMIC SEGREGATION   SAN CARLOS   CLASSIFICATION   SANTIAGO   CITIES   CITY   CONTEXTS   TOURISM   MODEL  

摘要： The problem of urban segregation has been extensively studied among developed and developing countries. However, in Latin America this phenomenon presents some particularities, such as the role of access to urban infrastructure. Based on data from the latest population census and multivariate analysis techniques, we provide a neighborhood typology for Bariloche, Argentina, which, among other things, enables us to reveal a complex relationship between the socioeconomic level of the population, its residential location, and infrastructure availability. Unlike previous research on Latin American cities, in this case the lowest correlation between these issues seems to indicate that, although urban infrastructure and equipment are important to address urban segregation, public policies should not be limited to only such dimensions.

关键词： COVID-19   SARS-CoV-2   COVID-19 pathogenesis   NF-kB pathway activation   Alveolar epithelial cell type 2   AEC-II   ARDS   RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS   ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME-2   GLOMERULAR INJURY   DISTRESS-SYNDROME   ACE2   ACTIVATION   SARS   IDENTIFICATION   INFLAMMATION   PATHOGENESIS  

摘要： The Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) requires a rapid solution and global collaborative efforts in order to define preventive and treatment strategies. One of the major challenges of this disease is the high number of patients needing advanced respiratory support due to the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) as the lung is the major - although not exclusive - target of the virus. The molecular mechanisms, pathogenic drivers and the target cell type(s) in SARS-CoV-2 infection are still poorly understood, but the development of a "hyperactive" immune response is proposed to play a role in the evolution of the disease and it is envisioned as a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Here we propose a theory by which the main targets for SARS-CoV-2 are the Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells and the clinical manifestations of the syndrome are a direct consequence of their involvement. We propose the existence of a vicious cycle by which once alveolar damage starts in AEC II cells, the inflammatory state is supported by macrophage pro-inflammatory polarization (M1), cytokines release and by the activation of the NF-kappa B pathway. If this theory is confirmed, future therapeutic efforts can be directed to target Type 2 alveolar cells and the molecular pathogenic drivers associated with their dysfunction with currently available therapeutic strategies.