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关键词： Zero shot learning   Pseudo-sample synthesis   Style transfer   Deep learning   Side-scan sonar image classification   SEGMENTATION   TARGET  

摘要： Side-scan sonar (SSS) is the most important sensor in the field of ocean exploration, auto-detection of targets in SSS images is very critical. Deep neural networks (DNNs) have exhibited impressive performance but require very large number of training samples; only a limited number of SSS images will not suffice. In more extreme cases, no appropriate SSS image is available for some specific targets that need to be identified, making it impossible to train DNNs. In this paper, we deal with such extreme situations, how can a DNN recognize targets in SSS images without any training samples? which is the "zero-shot learning problem." Inspired by the way humans perceive the world, we develop a zero-shot SSS image classification method through synthesis of pseudo SSS images. For a given category, we use a fixed style-transfer method to synthesize pseudo samples using common optical images and any available SSS images, and train the DNN with these pseudo samples. The zero-shot learning problem thus can be transformed to a conventional supervised learning problem. Experimental results showed we can achieve excellent classification ability even if no training samples are available. The source code is available at https://***/guizilaile23/ZSL-SSS. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： DSC   Exhaustive exercise   Protein denaturation   Special forces   OXIDATIVE STRESS   SERUM-ALBUMIN   TRAINED MEN   REDOX STATE   ANTIOXIDANT   BODY  

摘要： The human blood plasma proteome profile has been an area of intensive investigation and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has come forward as a novel tool in analyzing plasma heat capacity changes to monitor various physiological responses in health and disease. This study used DSC to assess potential alterations in the plasma heat capacity profile of albumin and globulins during extremely demanding physical exercise. We monitored the changes in denaturation profiles of those plasma proteins for five consecutive days of an extraordinary exercise training schedule in 14 young male Special Forces volunteers, as well as after a 30-day recovery period. The major effect of the prolonged intense exercise was the continuous upward shift of the albumin peak by 2??3 ?C on the initial days of exercise, with a tendency to plateau circa the 5th day of exercise. In addition, some redistribution of the denaturational enthalpy was observed upon exercise, where the globulins peak increased relative to the albumin peak. Noteworthy, the alterations in the plasma proteome denaturational profiles were not persistent, as virtually full recovery of the initial status was observed after 30 days of recovery. Our findings indicate that 5 days of exhaustive physical exercise of highly trained individuals enhanced the thermal stability of plasma albumin shifting its denaturational transition to higher temperatures. We surmise that these effects may be a result of increased blood oxygenation during the prolonged intense exercise and, consequently, of albumin oxidation as part of the overall adaptation mechanisms of the body to extreme physical and/ or oxidative stress.

关键词： Post-first year summer experiences   Cultural and social capital   Undergraduate research   Internship   Paid work   Volunteering   UNPAID INTERNSHIPS   CIVIC ENGAGEMENT   AFRICAN-AMERICAN   SOCIAL-CLASS   IMPACT   1ST-GENERATION   INEQUALITY   GENDER   US  

摘要： Students may have experiences that relate to long-term retention and success during the summer after completing their first year in college. Research shows that college students' engagement and success varies based on their cultural and social capital. However, there is a dearth of research on how their cultural and social capital is associated with college students' summer experiences after they complete their first year. The purpose of this study is to better understand the ways that students' cultural and social capital-as measured through relationships with parents and faculty-relate to their participation in undergraduate research, internships, paid work, or volunteering after the first year of college. We analyzed longitudinal data from 1,066 students at three universities using data from the Pathways through College Study. We found that students who had parents with graduate or professional degrees had higher odds of participating in summer undergraduate research and internships, compared to first-generation college students. Students who had interactions with faculty outside of the classroom also had higher odds of participating in the four summer experiences, but the relationship between parental education and post-first year experiences do not vary depending on the level of faculty interactions. This study offers implications for faculty and student affairs practitioners related to encouraging students to participate in post-first year summer opportunities, particularly students with less social and cultural capital through their parents or faculty.

关键词： Multimodal interaction analysis   Primary science education   Dialogic   Multilingual contexts   Plurilingual students   GESTURES   DIALOGUE  

摘要： Science teaching and learning are discursive practices, yet analysis of these practices has frequently been grounded in theorizations that place language at the forefront of interaction and meaning-making. Such language-centric analytic approaches risk overlooking key embodied, enacted aspects of students' engagement in science practices. This manuscript presents a case of a plurilingual student's participation in science inquiry to demonstrate how multimodal interaction analysis can be used to examine the highly diverse array of communicative resources that she draws upon while participating in science, including gestures, facial expressions, vocal intonations, and languages. Grounded in dialogic theorizations of language, we first detail the multimodal interaction approach, and second, we show how multimodal interaction analysis beginning first with her embodied engagement, then coupled with her subsequent written and spoken engagement, reveals robust views of her engagement in science practices. Key to this methodological approach is multilayered analysis that backgrounds verbal or spoken communication to allow for an identification of embodied interaction resources employed. We emphasize how this analytical method allows us to conceptualize science as a practice that unfolds through and in interaction, as compared to a static body of concepts to be learned.

关键词： Discourse analysis   STEM education   Small group learning   Positioning theory   Activity theory   Power   SCIENCE-EDUCATION   CLASSROOM   STUDENTS   GENDER   EQUITY  

摘要： Integrated science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education is becoming increasingly common in K-12 classrooms, and small group activities are ubiquitous to STEM instruction. This article includes both theoretical and practical descriptions of a microethnographic approach to critical multimodal discourse analysis that we used to explore power and positioning within a mixed-gender group of students working together on an engineering design challenge. We drew upon social semiotics, positioning theory, and activity theory to ground this work and utilized three phases of data analysis: microethnography to develop individual and group storylines, critical multimodal discourse analysis of key events, and the integration of storylines and discourse analysis. This multi-phase approach granted us insights into our data that would have otherwise been lacking. Microethnography revealed the significance of the shift between science and engineering activities in relation to power and positioning within the group. Multimodal analysis revealed that the introduction of new physical artifacts influenced power and positioning within the small group, with different modes of communication having different intensities across the unit. We argue that our approach is useful in analyzing complex small group interactions within science classrooms and highlight key methodological decisions for researchers interested in employing a microethnographic approach to critical multimodal discourse analysis.

关键词： Statistical classification   Dictionary learning   Factor analysis (FA)   Convolutional   Label constraint   Variational Bayesian (VB)   HRRP STATISTICAL RECOGNITION   RADAR   MODEL  

摘要： This paper mainly addresses the statistical classification robust to small training data size. We develop a label constrained convolutional factor analysis (LCCFA) model, which unifies the factor analysis (FA), convolution operation and supervised learning. In the LCCFA model, each dictionary atom is used as a small-sized convolution kernel with the goal of learning the observations' basic structures, which have highly shared characteristics among all observed data. This property enables the proposed method to describe data with fewer dictionary atoms than the FA model and reduces the model complexity. Consequently, the classification performance of the LCCFA model can be improved in the case of limited training samples. Meanwhile, the proposed model also projects the weight vectors of dictionary atoms to their class labels to constrain the learning of parameters. The difference in weight vectors from different classes increases due to the label constraint, thereby offering the potential to enhance the inter-class separability of statistical models. Additionally, the efficient parameter estimation is implemented via variational Bayesian (VB) algorithm. Experimental results on several benchmark datasets and measured radar high-resolution range profile (HRRP) data show that our method outperforms other related models in terms of small sample classification. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： 尿沉渣检测   尿干化学检测   尿液检验   尿蛋白  

摘要： 目的分析尿沉渣检验、尿干化学检验在尿液检验中的作用。方法选择2019年1月至2019年2月于我院接受尿液检验的372例患者作为研究对象,给予患者尿沉渣、尿干化学检验,评价不同检测方法在尿液检验中的作用。结果尿沉渣组红细胞阳性率、白细胞阳性率均低于尿干化学组,尿沉渣组尿蛋白阳性率高于尿干化学组,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两种尿液检验方法的红细胞符合率、白细胞符合率及尿蛋白符合率均高于96%。结论尿沉渣、尿干化学检验结果的一致性较高,二者联合应用所得结果更加精确。

关键词： 全血CRP   血液常规化验检查   细菌感染性疾病   诊断作用  

摘要： 目的 在判别由细菌感染的儿科疾病治疗时,应用全血CRP项目结合血液常规化验检查的诊断效果.方法 选取2019年7月至2020年4月,我院收治的细菌性感染性疾病患儿76例(研讨组),同时抽取非细菌性感染性疾病患儿76例(参照组),检查方式为全血C反应蛋白与血常规联合检验,比较血液中WBC数量与全血C反应蛋白浓度,并针对研讨组患儿的单一白细胞数量、C反应蛋白浓度与两者联合的检验阳性率进行对比.结果 研讨组、参照组全血C反应蛋白浓度及白细胞数量比对结果存在明显差异,研讨组各项指标均处于较高状态(P<0.05),研讨组采取白细胞数量、全血CRP浓度及联合检测三种方式进行疾病判断,优势检测办法为联合检测(P<0.05).结论 全血CRP项目结合血液常规化验检查能够提升相关疾病细菌感染阳性检出率,对患儿实现针对性治疗,诊断价值较高.

关键词： 糖尿病肾病   早期诊断   生化检验指标   诊断作用  

摘要： 目的 分析生化检验指标在糖尿病肾病早期诊断中的作用及效果.方法 选取2019年11月～2020年11月新汶矿业集团莱芜中心医院收治的46例早期糖尿病肾病患者(试验组)和46例需要进行健康体检的人员(对照组)的临床资料为研究对象进行回顾性分析.两组研究对象均开展生化检验,检测项目包括血清肌酐(Cr)、血尿素氮(BUN)以及血清胱抑素C(CysC),观察组间检测结果差异,同时比较试验组患者的单一生化检验指标检测阳性率和三项指标联合检测的阳性率.结果 试验组患者的Cr指标明显高于对照组,BUN指标明显高于对照组,CysC指标明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).试验组患者的Cr、BUN、CysC三项指标联合检测诊断阳性率明显高于单独一项指标检测阳性率,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 在糖尿病肾病早期诊断中,生化检验指标具有良好的诊断作用及效果,将各项生化检验指标联合应用于临床诊断检测可以进一步提高检测效果.