课程文献中心 更多>>

关键词： 促贸援助   一般均衡   DAC   “一带一路”   机制检验  

摘要： 促贸援助是OECD重要的全球发展议题。文章以DAC成员对"一带一路"沿线国家促贸援助为例,引入开放经济一般均衡模型构建理论分析框架,考察了促贸援助对受援国出口的影响及其作用机制,并利用2008-2017年双边出口面板数据基于扩展引力模型进行了实证检验。研究发现:(1)DAC成员对沿线国家的整体援助显著地促进了受援国出口,在控制了援助双边国家个体差异及时间影响后,这一结论依然稳健;(2)三类促贸援助及其政策组合对受援国出口的作用显示出较强的异质性;(3)中介效应模型对上述影响机制的分析表明,整体援助通过提升受援国开放水平扩大出口;三类促贸援助对受援国出口增长的具体作用机制不尽相同。文章不仅系统地分析了DAC成员促贸援助效果,而且从一个侧面给我国完善"一带一路"经贸合作机制提供了重要启示。

关键词： Cost-effectiveness   Disruptive behavior disorders   Parent-child interaction therapy   BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS   CONDUCT PROBLEMS   PRESCHOOLERS   OUTCOMES   PREVALENCE   DISORDERS   INTERVENTIONS   METAANALYSIS   EFFICACY   PROGRAM  

摘要： This study examined the cost-effectiveness of standard parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) and three adaptations: intensive-PCIT (I-PCIT), small group PCIT, and large group PCIT. This study used cost-effectiveness analyses to calculate average cost-effectiveness ratios, which represents the average cost for one family to change one standard deviation on each outcome measure: externalizing behavior problems, positive parenting skills, negative parenting skills, child compliance, and parenting stress. While it had the lowest initial set up cost, results indicated that standard PCIT was the least cost-effective option in reducing child disruptive behaviors and in increasing child compliance. Large group PCIT was the most cost-effective in increasing positive parenting skills and child compliance and in reducing negative parenting skills and parenting stress. I-PCIT was the most cost-effective in reducing child disruptive behaviors and the second most cost-effective option in increasing positive parenting skills and child compliance and in decreasing negative parenting. As large group and I-PCIT were the most cost-effective in different domains, both could be recommended to parents as treatment options. Future research should confirm our cost-effective results within community settings.

关键词： Loneliness   Depression   Emotional regulation   Mental health   Longitudinal studies   COVID-19   COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY   SOCIAL-ISOLATION   COLLEGE-STUDENTS   MENTAL-HEALTH   ANXIETY   ASSOCIATIONS   PREDICTORS   MORTALITY   EFFICACY   NETWORK  

摘要： Background: Longitudinal studies examining the temporal association between mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 outbreak are needed. It is important to determine how relationships between key outcomes, specifically loneliness and depressive symptoms, manifest over a brief timeframe and in a pandemic context. Method: Data was gathered over 4 months (March - June 2020) using an online survey with three repeated measures at monthly intervals (N = 1958; 69.8% females; Age 18-87 years, M = 37.01, SD =12.81). Associations between loneliness, depression symptoms, and emotion regulation difficulty were tested using Pearson's product moment correlations, and descriptive statistics were calculated for all study variables. Cross-lagged structural equation modelling was used to examine the temporal relationships between variables. Results: The longitudinal association between loneliness and depressive symptoms was reciprocal. Loneliness predicted higher depressive symptoms one month later, and depressive symptoms predicted higher loneliness one month later. The relationship was not mediated by emotion regulation difficulties. Emotion regulation difficulties and depressive symptoms were also reciprocally related over time. Limitations: Limitations include the reliance on self-report data and the non-representative sample. There was no pre-pandemic assessment limiting the conclusions that can be drawn regarding the mental health impact of the COVID-19 crisis. Conclusions: Loneliness should be considered an important feature of case conceptualisation for depression during this time. Clinical efforts to improve mental health during the pandemic could focus on interventions that target either loneliness, depression, or both. Potential approaches include increasing physical activity or low-intensity cognitive therapies delivered remotely.

关键词： Deep learning   Transfer learning   Image processing   Classification   SURVEILLANCE   VISION  

摘要： Recent developments in deep learning have brought huge breakthroughs in the image processing area, which triggered numerous successful applications and positively impacted the current big data context of Industry 4.0. On the other hand, it is widely known that large amounts of training data are required to train a deep learning model with millions of parameters, which limits its application in many industrial applications where sufficient data resources are lacking. Transfer learning is one of the practical solutions to reduce the data required for training, which tries to reuse learned knowledge for similar tasks. Nevertheless, many technical details of transfer learning implementation are not well documented. Therefore, in this work, two datasets collected from plastics manufacturing processes were studied to investigate different transfer learning approaches and implementation details for high-performance model building under the constraint of limited available training data. Different transfer learning implementations are compared and important technical details are also discussed in this study. Through this study, the minimum number of training samples can be estimated. Transfer learning is compared with the newly developed few-shot learning approach as a brief comparative study. Finally, this work summarizes practical guidelines for the development of image classification models with limited data resources.

摘要： 提起生化检验,相信大家并不陌生,在健康体检和就诊期间都曾遇到过,生化检验指利用生物、化学方式对人体功能状态检查,可为临床疾病诊断、治疗提供一定参考和依据.急诊生化检验标本处理过程是影响检验质量、效率的重要因素,传统标本处理过程耗时相对较长,且对操作者操作技巧要求较高,对急诊病人而言,极易因时间较长或者检验准确率不高错过最佳治疗时机.近年来,肝素抗凝血浆被应用于急诊生化检验中取得显著效果,下面本文就对肝素抗凝血浆在急诊生化检验中的作用进行简单分析和科普.

关键词： Machine learning   16S rRNA   Amplicon sequencing   Fecal source tracking   SVM   MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING   DIVERSITY   BACTERIA   MARKERS   SETS  

摘要： The bacterial diversity and corresponding biological significance revealed by high-throughput sequencing contribute massive information to source tracking of fecal contamination. The performances of classification models on predicting the fecal source of geographical local and foreign samples were examined herein, by applying support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. Random forest (RF) and Adaboost were applied for comparison as well. Discriminatory sequences were selected from Clostridiale, Bacteroidales, or Lactobacillales bacterial groups using extremely randomized trees (ExtraTrees). 1.51-12.64% of the unique sequences in the original library composed the representative markers, and they contributed 70% of the discrepancies between source microbiomes. The overall accuracy of the SVM model and the RF model on local samples was 96.08% and 98.04%, respectively, higher than that of the Adaboost (90.20%). As for the non-local samples, the SVM assigned most of the fecal samples into the correct category while several false-positive judgments occurred in closely related groups. The results in this paper suggested that the SVM was a time-saving and accurate method for fecal source tracking in contaminated water body with the potential capability of executing tasks based on geographically unassociated samples, and underlined the necessity of qPCR analysis for accurate detection of human source pollution.

关键词： 高职院校   就业指导   感知价值   结构模型   满意度  

摘要： 文章基于文献梳理和研究,对高职院校学生就业数据进行科学系统分析,构建了高职院校学生的感知价值与就业指导满意度的结构模型,并对模型进行实证检验和研究。结果显示,在高职院校学生就业指导中,价值感知、就业政策感知、服务指导感知都对学生起到比较明显的正向推动作用,学生关于就业的较高满意度也会激励学生积极就业。文章还从感知价值入手,研究高职院校学生就业指导满意度的影响机制,并对高职院校学生就业指导提出参考建议。

关键词： 血液样本   溶血现象   生化检验  

摘要： 目的分析溶血现象对临床生化检验项目作用。方法便利选取2018年1月—2020年1月到该院行健康体检的60名人员的血液样本作为研究对象,随机平均分为实验组和对照组两组。对照组血液标本置入肝素抗凝管,而实验组则震荡使其溶血。标本采用全自动生化分析仪检测后,比较分析生化指标中的天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、葡萄糖、乳酸脱氢酶、血钾、尿素氮、总胆固醇、三酰甘油水平。结果实验组的天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶为(57.21±2.45)U/L、葡萄糖为(3.21±0.52)mmol/L、乳酸脱氢酶为(211.25±21.36)U/L、血钾水平为(5.62±0.35)mmol/L,对照组的天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶为(53.24±2.78)U/L、葡萄糖为(4.35±1.15)mmol/L、乳酸脱氢酶为(125.75±20.36)U/L、血钾为(3.45±0.89)mmol/L,差异有统计学意义(t=5.868、5.782、15.870、12.428,P<0.05)。实验组尿素氮为(5.32±1.24)mmol/L、总胆固醇为(4.35±0.72)mmol/L、三酰甘油为(1.35±0.25)mmol/L,对照组尿素氮为(5.42±1.25)mmol/L、总胆固醇为(4.28±0.73)mmol/L、三酰甘油为(1.32±0.27)mmol/L,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论溶血会影响到生化检验的准确性和精度,对检验有着较大的负面影响,为了避免检测指标失真,临床需要采取适当的措施保障血液标本不发生溶血现象。

关键词： 突发公共卫生事件   理化检验质量控制   应用效果  

摘要： 研究理化检验质量控制在突发公共卫生事件中的实际作用。方法:以92例突发公共卫生事件作为研究对象,发生时间均在2019年2月-2020年7月之间,研究方式为分组对比,即对照组(46例)和观察组(46例),观察组采取理化检验质量控制,对照组实行常规理化检验管理,观察指标为报告发出时间、有效控制时间,以及民众满意度。结果:观察组各项指标均优于对照组,P1=0.0000,P2=0.0000,P3=0.0000,有统计学意义。结论:突发公共事件的控制效果与理化检验质量控制密切相关,应予以充分的重视。