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关键词： dental variation   paleospecies recognition   Cercopithecus  

摘要： Dental variation has been used commonly to assess taxonomic composition in morphologically homogeneous fossil samples. While the coefficient of variation (CV) has been used traditionally, range-based measures of variation, such as the range as a percentage of the mean (R%) and the maximum/minimum index (I-max/min) have recently become popular alternatives. The current study compares the performance of these statistics when applied to single- and pooled-species dental samples of errant Cercopithecus species. A common methodology for such problems of species discrimination has been to simply compare the maximum value of a variation statistic observed in extant samples with that observed in the fossil sample. However, regardless of what statistic is used, this approach has an unknowable Type I error rate, and usually has low power to detect multiple species. A more appropriate method involves a formal hypothesis test. The null hypothesis is that the level of variation in the fossil sample does not exceed what might be expected in a sample drawn randomly from a reference population, taking into account sampling error and the size of the fossil sample. Previous research using this method with the CV has indicated that it offers considerable power at an acceptable Type I error rate. In the current study, the data of primary interest were posterior dental dimensions for single- and pooled-species samples from extant Ceropithecus species. In addition, the study also investigated the relative performance of variation statistics when applied to highly dimorphic canine dimensions, since much recent work has employed sexually dimorphic dental dimensions For assessing single-species hypotheses. The results indicate that the CV consistently our-performed the range-based statistics when using posterior dental dimensions to test a single-species hypothesis. Regardless of which statistic was used, tests on sexually dimorphic dimensions offered minimal power. In consideration of thes

关键词： 经济合同诈骗   合同当事人   行骗者   履约能力   权利能力   民事主体   营业执照   生产经营活动   资格证明书   经营范围  

摘要： 利用经济合同诈骗的形式及对策刘学臣，张福东，吴占林在市场经济大潮中，企业的生产经营活动主要靠经济合同的签订和履行来实现。一些企业因有关人员缺乏签订经济合同方面的法律知识而上当受骗，给企业的正常经营活动带来不必要的损害的事例屡见不鲜。因此，有必要提醒企...

关键词： 借款合同   借款人   贷款人   货款利息   约期   不完全履行   合同约定   商业银行法   贷款通则   合法化  

摘要： 《商业银行法》、《贷款通则》的先后颁布,以法规的形式确定了借贷业务双方遵循自愿、平等、诚实和守信的原则,借款合同签订、执行的合法化,在信贷管理工作申显得十分重要。现实工作中,贷款人违反借款合同,侵害借款人利益的作法十分普遍。 一、不完全履行合同,借款人不能全额使用合同约定资金。商业银行为增加自身经济效益,在贷款企业存款户外设特定帐户——利息备付金帐户。

关键词： CELLULAR FATTY ACID   TAXONOMY   LACTIC ACID BACTERIA   LACTOBACILLUS   LEUCONOSTOC  

摘要： The taxonomy of lactic acid bacteria from vacuum-packaged processed meats is problematic, and atypical members of the leuconostocs and the Lactobacillus sake / curvatus group are often encountered. In order to resolve this problem the cellular fatty acid (CFA) content of 61 isolates from vacuum-packaged vienna sausages and 18 reference strains was determined by gas chromatography. The relationship between strains was derived by principal component analysis of data. The CFA profiles were highly reproducible. Although no relationships could be derived using only one or two differentiating CFAs, plots of the first two principal components based on only the six most variable CFAs allowed grouping of strains. The two genera (Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus) could not be clearly separated when analysed together, but differentiation of species within each of the genera was achieved when they were analysed independently. Examination of plots for the reference strains confirmed previously established relationships between these strains. From the plot of the Lactobacillus sake / Lactobacillus curvatus component of the study it was found that most atypical Lactobacillus sake / curvatus strains were closely related to the typical Lactobacillus sake isolates and reference strain, while the Lactobacillus curvatus strains formed an independent grouping. A small cluster of atypical strains, however, indicated that this relationship may not be true for all these strains. Among the leuconostocs only isolates of Leuconostoc mesenteroides could be clearly differentiated.

关键词： 产品质量   检验报告   质量检验   企业  

摘要： 说明产品质量检验报告对消费者、企业所起的作用。

关键词： 医学检验教育   医院   检验科   协调作用   联合办学   中等卫生学校  

关键词： R-AND-D COOPERATION   CONTRACT FORM   MORAL HAZARD  

摘要： This paper aims to explain the use of different governance modes for R&D cooperation. We argue that (ex ante) cross-licensing agreements are preferred to R&D joint ventures if potential synergy effects are negligible and the double moral hazard problem caused by unobservable R&D effort can be solved by an appropriate royalty scheme. It is shown that the first best effort decisions are implementable by a cross-licensing agreement if royalty payments are based on R&D success. However, if the payments have to be based on actual know-how transfer because R&D success is not verifiable, there are cases where joint ventures are necessary to induce optimal R&D effort.

关键词： 物理化学检验   基础技术   钢铁工业  

摘要： 本文着重介绍了理化检验工作在发展国民经济中的地位和作用，并结合莱钢理化检验工作的现状，提出了莱钢理化检验工作的发展设想。

关键词： 家畜   大肠杆菌   新菌毛抗原   致病作用  

摘要： 应用消化道接种途径，测定了产生Ｆ１９８７新菌毛抗原大肠杆菌菌株对貂、兔、犬、猪、貉子的致病作用，同时对貉子进行了静脉、肌肉接种的感染试验。结果初步表明：供试菌株仅引起了貉子明显发病，经消化道接种能引起腹泻并随粪便向外界排菌，剖检可见出现眼观、组织学及超微结构的病变，且在肠道内容物中能回收到原感染菌。

关键词： 超氧化物歧化酶   生物学   酶活性  

摘要： 超氧化物歧化酶的生物学作用及其酶活性的检验方法江苏省卫生防疫站（南京２１０００９）陆耀良（综述）陶炳根（审校）铜、锌超氧化物歧化酶（ＥＣ１．１５．１１，简称ＳＯＤ）是生物体内具有很强抗炎作用的消炎酶（１～５）。自１９６９年美国学者Ｍｃ·ｃｏｒｄ和Ｆｒ...