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关键词： 合同诈骗罪   犯罪故意   直接故意   间接故意   刑法   犯罪过失   合同履行  

摘要： 合同诈骗罪主观方面犯罪故意的形式只能是直接故意。主张合同诈骗罪的犯罪故意形式也包括间接故意的观点是错误的。本文从理论上进行澄清。

关键词： 装备采购合同   法定形式   法律效果   书面形式  

摘要： 根据<中国人民解放军装备采购条例>的规定,装备采购合同的法定形式是书面形式,但不能绝对排除违反法定形式订立装备采购合同的情形.装备采购合同违反法定形式的法律效果是问题争论的焦点;分析了装备采购合同违反法定形式的法律效果的3种情况;认为合同违反法定形式的直接法律效果就是合同无效,附带法律效果包括无效合同的损害赔偿、违反诚信原则对合同无效的排除及不当得利制度的适用,违反法定形式的装备采购合同不能因履行而有效.

关键词： nitrification   titration   respirometry   nitrite accumulation   ammonia oxidation   nitrite oxidation   ACTIVATED-SLUDGE   NITRITE OXIDATION   NITROGEN REMOVAL   BIOFILM PROCESS   WATER   AMMONIA   REACTOR   MODELS   PH  

摘要： The two steps of nitrification, namely the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and nitrite to nitrate, often need to be considered separately in process studies. For a detailed examination, it is desirable to monitor the two-step sequence using online measurements. In this paper, the use of online titrimetric and off-gas analysis (TOGA) methods for the examination of the process is presented. Using the known reaction stoichiometry, combination of the measured signals (rates of hydrogen ion production, oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide transfer) allows the determination of the three key process rates, namely the ammonia consumption rate, the nitrite accumulation rate and the nitrate production rate. Individual reaction rates determined with the TOGA sensor under a number of operation conditions are presented. The rates calculated directly from the measured signals are compared with those obtained from offline liquid sample analysis. Statistical analysis confirms that the results from the two approaches match well. This result could not have been guaranteed using alternative online methods. As a case study, the influences of pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) on nitrite accumulation are tested using the proposed method. It is shown that nitrite accumulation decreased with increasing DO and pH. Possible reasons for these observations are discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 检验科   医院感染   监测   管理   临床医师   抗生素  

摘要： 医院感染是医院管理的一个重要组成部分,也是实施医院标准化管理的主要内容.医院感染的发生与否及发生多少直接关系到医院的医疗护理质量,间接影响着医院的经济效益和社会效益.医院感染监测是医院感染管理实施的重要内容.

关键词： 点焊联接   复合栽荷   头部拉伸   剪切拉伸   质量检验  

摘要： 点焊联接的质量检验是点焊联接的研究课题之一 ,传统的检验方法只对点焊联接两个方向进行拉伸 ,在复合载荷作用下 ,仅两个方向的拉伸强度还不足以作为设计依据 ,本文设计的新试样可以较好的解决这一问题。

关键词： 数据电文合同   合同形式   功能等同法   形式等同法   合同法   电子商务示范法  

摘要： 随着社会经济的发展,合同形式大体上经历了由繁到简,由重形式到重内容的演变.现代合同法则更强调兼顾交易安全与交易便捷两项价值,对合同形式采取宽松与严谨相结合的态度.即一般将选择合同形式的权利交与合同当事人;同时从交易安全的角度考虑,为避免发生合同纠纷时举证困难、断案困难,又制定了某些合同形式的强制规则,当事人必须遵守,否则合同不成立或无效.在传统的交易方式下,主要有两种合同形式:口头形式和书面形式.传统合同法既承认了这两种合同形式,同时又赋予书面形式以重要的法律意义.世界各国包括我国的法律均制定有书面规则:即在实体法中决定合同的成立和生效,在程序法中则作为处理合同纠纷的可靠证据.

关键词： 卫生检验   卫生监督  

摘要： 卫生监督是代表国家实施管理和监督的一种具体行政行为,卫生监督与卫生检验密不可分,卫生监督以卫生检验为基础,卫生监督与卫生检验应同步发展,卫生检验在卫生监督工作中占有相当重要的地位.根据<中华人民共和国食品卫生法>第三十三条第一款规定,食品卫生监督职责是进行卫生检测、检验和技术指导;<街头食品卫生管理暂行办法>第十条也规定,食品卫生监督机构负责开展技术指导,采样检验,进行卫生评价.可见卫生检验在卫生监督工作中起举足轻重的作用.

关键词： interface states   silicon oxides   evaporation and sublimation   atomic force microscopy   ADSORPTION  

摘要： The study of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) sublimation rates from the bulk surface and a substrate surface have been evaluated quantitatively with both atomic force microscopy and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) techniques. A first principle theoretical model is proposed, which allows obtaining three critical parameters, bulk sublimation rate, surface interaction potential, and the effective decay length, with no arbitrary parameters. The bulk sublimation rate predicted by the model is quantitatively confirmed by QCM experiments. The isothermal measurements with QCM showed that the sublimation activation energy of bulk TNT is 131 kJ/mol. More importantly, all results were obtained at one atmosphere and near room temperature. Thus, it should have direct impacts on explosive trace detection device applications. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： CALDARIOMYCES-FUMAGO CHLOROPEROXIDASE   ENANTIOSELECTIVE EPOXIDATION   BIOLOGICAL CHLORINATION   COMPOUND-I   OXIDATIONS   MECHANISM   BIOSYNTHESIS   PEROXIDASES   RESONANCE   ALKENES  

摘要： Site-directed mutagenesis has been used to investigate the role of glutamic acid 183 in chloroperoxidase catalysis. Based on the x-ray crystallographic structure of chloroperoxidase, Glu-183 is postulated to function on distal side of the heme prosthetic group as an acid-base catalyst in facilitating the reaction between the peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide with the formation of Compound I. In contrast, the other members of the heme peroxidase family use a histidine residue in this role. Plasmids have now been constructed in which the codon for Glu-183 is replaced with a histidine codon. The mutant recombinant gene has been expressed in Aspergillus niger. An analysis of the produced mutant gene shows that the substitution of Glu-183 with a His residue is detrimental to the chlorination and dismutation activity of chloroperoxidase. The activity is reduced by 85 and 50% of wild type activity, respectively. However, quite unexpectedly, the epoxidation activity of the mutant enzyme is significantly enhanced similar to2.5-fold. These results show that Glu-183 is important but not essential for the chlorination activity of chloroperoxidase. It is possible that the increased epoxidation of the mutant enzyme is based on an increase in the hydrophobicity of the active site.

关键词： 工程施工   施工监理   质量控制   工程验收  

摘要： 就施工阶段监理质量控制的手段之一——“平行检验”在监理实践中所起的作用及“平行检验”的具体操作,从依据、定义、认识和执行等方面进行探讨。其目的是为了让监理人员在监理工作中将质量控制做得有度,并为建设工程项目的预验收及质量评估和最终的竣工验收提供依据。