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关键词： 纺锤体检验点   信号通路   有丝分裂   减数分裂  

摘要： 姐妹染色单体的过早分离能导致遗传物质的丢失或增加,并导致出生缺陷,例如唐氏综合征,甚至形成癌.纺锤体检验点蛋白广泛存在于从低等到高等生物细胞中,其通过抑制后期促进复合物或cyclosome(APC/C)的泛素连接酶活性,避免早熟的染色体分离,从而保证遗传物质的正确分离.现根据我们研究和相关文献对这方面的研究情况综述如下.

关键词： 劳动合同   书面形式   证明效力  

摘要： 《劳动法》规定“劳动合同应该以书面形式订立”。但是从劳动法的价值目标和本质、劳动者的弱者地位和社会现实以及劳动立法的比较来看,劳动合同的书面形式只是劳动关系存在的证明,而不是劳动合同的成立要件或者生效要件。

关键词： 法医学   抢劫杀人   检验  

关键词： 质量记录   质量检验  

摘要： 介绍了质量记录的重要性,为过程质量检验和后续质量问题分析处理提供客观证据。

关键词： 医院感染   临床细菌学检验   感染检测   现代医学发展   治疗手段   侵入性操作   免疫抑制剂   感染发病率   医疗技术   肿瘤化疗  

摘要： 随着医疗技术的发展,各种侵入性操作治疗手段的使用,肿瘤化疗、激素和免疫抑制剂的广泛应用,医院感染问题日益突出.抗生素的广泛应用,在有效治疗医院感染的同时,也诱发或导致治疗更加困难的多重耐药和医院二重感染.WHO调查结果表明医院感染发病率约3%～20%,说明医院感染已成为现代医学发展的一大桎梏,应引起足够重视.

关键词： FUNCTIONAL STATUS   NEURAL-NETWORK   OLDER WOMEN   REHABILITATION   DISABILITY   INCONTINENCE   OUTCOMES   DISORDERS   RECOVERY   NEGLECT  

摘要： Objective: To examine the utility of decision analysis methods for examining the dynamic nature of impairment-activity interactions following stroke. Design: Decision analyses (Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector) of a prospective cohort study. Setting: Community and institutional settings based on the location of participants three months after stroke. Participants: Individuals were recruited from consecutive admissions to a regional academic health center and were assessed three months after stroke (N = 67). Main outcome measures: Neurological impairment was measured with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Mobility, self-care and instrumental activities of daily living (instrumental ADL) performance were assessed with a performance observation measure, the Performance Assessment of Self-care Skills (PASS). Decision analysis methods were used to examine interactions between neurological impairments and activity outcomes. Results: Unique neurological impairments were associated with each activity outcome (bowel and bladder urgency interacted with mobility; hand function interacted with self-care; mental functions interacted with instrumental ADL), and these findings are supported by previous studies. The predictive validity of mobility and self-care analyses was stronger than the instrumental ADL analyses. Conclusions: Decision analysis methods show promise for understanding dynamic impairment-activity interactions. This understanding may enhance methods for informing rehabilitation decisions.

关键词： Eating Disorders   Weight control   Impaired health   Classification ofinformation  

摘要： Objective and Method: To inform the classification of bulimic-type eating disorders not meeting formal diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa (BN), levels of eating disorder psychopathology and functional impairment associated with subjective and objective bulimic episodes (SBEs and OBEs) and purging and nonpurging methods of weight control were examined in a large community-based sample of women (n = 5,232). Results: Participants who reported recurrent bulimic episodes had significantly higher levels of eating disorder psychopathology and functional impairment than those who did not and this was the case whether the episodes were objective or subjective. Similarly, participants who reported the use of extreme weight control behaviors had higher levels of eating disorder psychopathology and functional impairment than those who did not, and this was the case whether purging or nonpurging behaviors were employed. The combination of bulimic episodes and extreme weight control behaviors was associated with particularly high levels of eating disorder psychopathology and functional impairment. Conclusion: The combination of bulimic episodes, objective or subjective, and extreme weight control behaviors, purging or nonpurging, is significant in terms of impairment in psychosocial functioning among individuals affected by eating disorders not meeting formal diagnostic criteria for BN. The combination of SBEs and extreme weight control behaviors, in particular, warrants further investigation. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

关键词： 宫颈癌筛查   人乳头瘤病毒   阴道镜检查   细胞学异常   液基细胞学检查   宫颈病变筛查   宫颈筛查   宫颈涂片  

摘要： To assess the effect of introducing testing for human papillomavirus combined with liquid based cytology in women with low grade cytological abnormalities. Design: Observational before and after study. Setting: Three cervical screening laboratories, England. Participants: 5654 women aged 20- 64 with low grade cytological abnormalities found at routine cervical screening in a pilot; 5254 similar women in the period before the pilot. Interventions: Human papillomavirus testing combined with liquid based cytology in the management of women with borderline or mildly dyskaryotic cervical smear results compared with conventional smear tests, with immediate referral to colposcopy of women positive for human papillomavirus. Results: 57.9% (3187/5506) of women tested in the pilot were positive for human papillomavirus. The rate of repeat smears fell by 74% , but the rate of referral to colposcopy for low grade cytological abnormalities more than doubled. The estimated negative predictive value of human papillomavirus testing varied between 93.8% and 99.7% . Conclusion: The addition of testing for human papillomavirus in women with low grade cytological abnormalities resulted in a reduction in the rate of repeat smears, but an increase in rates of referral to colposcopy.

关键词： MOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION   PROTEOMIC PATTERNS   CANCER   SERUM   DISCOVERY   BIAS  

摘要： Background: Like microarray-based investigations, high-throughput proteomics techniques require machine learning algorithms to identify biomarkers that are informative for biological classification problems. Feature selection and classification algorithms need to be robust to noise and outliers in the data. Results: We developed a recursive support vector machine (R-SVM) algorithm to select important genes/biomarkers for the classification of noisy data. We compared its performance to a similar, state-of-the-art method (SVM recursive feature elimination or SVM-RFE), paying special attention to the ability of recovering the true informative genes/biomarkers and the robustness to outliers in the data. Simulation experiments show that a 5%-similar to 20% improvement over SVM-RFE can be achieved regard to these properties. The SVM-based methods are also compared with a conventional univariate method and their respective strengths and weaknesses are discussed. R-SVM was applied to two sets of SELDI-TOF-MS proteomics data, one from a human breast cancer study and the other from a study on rat liver cirrhosis. Important biomarkers found by the algorithm were validated by follow-up biological experiments. Conclusion: The proposed R-SVM method is suitable for analyzing noisy high-throughput proteomics and microarray data and it outperforms SVM-RFE in the robustness to noise and in the ability to recover informative features. The multivariate SVM-based method outperforms the univariate method in the classification performance, but univariate methods can reveal more of the differentially expressed features especially when there are correlations between the features.

关键词： 电子合同   书面合同   合同形式   功能等同法  

摘要： 合同形式直接影响合同的效力和证据地位。目前,关于电子合同形式的界定有不同观点,其中功能等同法是国际上立法实践中流行的做法,但国内学界对此法认识存在误区。功能等同法并没有直接规定电子合同具有与书面合同同等的效力,而是旨在确定能够令电子合同具有与书面合同同等效力的条件———功能等同。