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关键词： 浅海油田   发证检验   质量控制  

摘要： 介绍了国内海上和滩浅海油田石油工程建设实行的第三方发证检验制度的质量控制模式,阐述了国家法律法规有关发证检验制度的要求,介绍了发证检验的运行程序,以及海上发证检验制度和陆上工程监理制度的区别。

关键词： 检验机构   特种设备   锅炉压力容器   大型游乐设施   劳动部门   研究中心   容器检测   容器检验   锅炉检验   技术检验  

摘要： 1979年，原国家劳动总局成立锅炉压力容器检测研究中心，各地区的劳动部门也相继成立了专门从事锅炉压力容器技术检验的机构．一般称作锅炉检验所或者锅炉压力容器检验所。1982年，国务院《锅炉压力容器安全监察暂行条例》颁布后，锅炉压力容器检验机构得到了进一步的发展。上个世纪90年代末，随着职能的划转，职能的变化，检验机构开展的检验设备也相应的发生了变化，开展了包括锅炉、压力容器、压力管道、电梯、起重机械、客运索道、大型游乐设施、场（厂）内机动车辆等特种设备的检验工作。在各级政府部门的关怀和支持下，检验机构得到迅速发展。据统计，2004年综合性检验机构已经达到945个，其中质检部门所属605个，行业企业自检机构340个，共有人员23083人。质检系统检验机构拥有固定资产15．6亿，比2000年增加133．01％，其中设备仪器5．4亿，比2000年增加160．10％；财政拨款1．74亿，比2000年增加228．10％。

关键词： beta-diversity   cover-abundance data   data set heterogeneity   Detrended Correspondence Analysis   plant community   presence/absence data   Principal Components Analysis   SCALE   TRANSFORMATION   DATABASE   AREA  

摘要： Questions: Do ordination patterns differ when based on vegetation samples recorded in plots of different size? If so, how large is the effect of plot size relative to the effects of data set heterogeneity and of using presence/absence or cover-abundance data? Can we combine plots of different size in a single ordination? Methods: Two homogeneous and two heterogeneous data sets were sampled in Czech forests and grasslands. Cover-abundances of plant species were recorded in series of five or six nested quadrats of increasing size (forest 49-961 m(2); grassland 1-49 m(2)). Separate ordinations were computed for plots of each size for each data set, using either species presences/absences or cover-abundances recorded on an ordinal scale. Ordination patterns were compared with Procrustean analysis. Also, ordinations of data sets jointly containing plots of different size were calculated; effects of plot size were evaluated using a Monte Carlo test in constrained ordination. Results: The results were consistent between forest and grassland data sets. In homogeneous data sets, the effect of presence/absence vs. cover-abundance was similar to, or larger than, the effect of plot size; for presence/absence data the differences between ordinations of differently sized plots were smaller than for cover-abundance data. In heterogeneous data sets, the effect of plot size was larger than the effect of presence-absence vs. cover-abundance. The plots of smaller size (<= 100 m(2) in forests. <= 4 m(2) in grasslands) yielded the most deviating ordination patterns. Joint ordinations of differently sized plots mostly did not yield patterns that would be artifacts of different plot size, except for plots from the homogeneous data sets that differed in size by a factor of four or higher. Conclusions: Variation in plot size does influence ordination patterns. Smaller plots tend to produce less stable ordination patterns, especially in data sets with low beta-diversity and species cover-abu

关键词： aliasing   Fourier transform   respiratory synchrony   coupling   HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY   RESPIRATORY SINUS ARRHYTHMIA   BLOOD PRESSURE OSCILLATIONS   TERM RR INTERVAL   CARDIAC RHYTHMS   GALLOTIA-GALLOTI   LIZARD   MODULATION   TELEMETRY  

摘要： Power spectral analysis (PSA) provides a powerful tool for determining frequency oscillations in time signals, and it is accepted that mammals can show distinct components in the heart rate (f(H)) spectrum that are synchronous with ventilatory frequency (f(nu)). Using similar signal processing techniques, these fundamental components at f(nu) are not apparent in the spectrum calculated from fish fH. Here we compare conventional PSA on the R-R interval tachogram generated from ECG traces recorded in rats and fish, with PSA on the raw ECG waveform. The rat R-R tachogram showed a defined sigmoidal component, whereas the fish R-R tachogram was a more chaotic waveform. In agreement with the literature, PSA of these respective waveforms produced a component at the same frequency as ventilation in the rat, but of lower frequency than ventilation for the fish. Applying PSA to the rat ECG produced a spectrum with a fundamental component of similar frequency to that observed in the R-R tachogram spectrum, indicating that the latter adequately contained heart rate variability (HRV) oscillations. However, PSA of the ECG in fish contrasted with that from the R-R tachogram, with components observed in the latter spectrum being absent from the former. This suggests that the frequency components determined by PSA on the fish R-R tachogram were not true components, but were aliased (or folded-back) from higher up in the spectrum. Using established aliasing equations, recalculation of these peaks showed that their true frequency was similar to that of the ventilatory frequency for individual fish. The extent of cardio-respiratory interaction, resulting in f(nu) < f(H/2) in rats but f(nu) > f(H/2) in fish, is suggested to be the origin of the differences observed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： squaryliurn dye   liposomes   lysozyme   protein-lipid interactions   PHOSPHOLIPID-VESICLES   ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY   THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS   SQUARAINE DYES   LYSOZYME   MEMBRANES   LIPOSOMES   WATER   ASSOCIATION   DYNAMICS  

摘要： The applicability of newly synthesized squarylium dye Sq to probing the changes in physical characteristics of lipid bilayer on the formation of protein-lipid complexes has been evaluated. Lipid vesicles composed of zwitterionic phospholipid phosphatidylcholine (PC) and its mixtures with positively charged detergent cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), anionic phospholipid cardiolipin (CL), and cholesterol (Chol) were employed as lipid component of model membrane systems while protein constituent was represented by lysozyme (Lz). Fluorescence intensity of Sq was found to decrease on Lz association with lipid bilayer. This effect was observed in all kinds of model systems suggesting that Sq is sensitive to modification of lipid bilayer physical properties on hydrophobic protein-lipid interactions. It was found that Sq spectral response to variations in Chol content depends on relative contributions of electrostatic and hydrophobic components of Lz-membrane binding.

关键词： 合同法定形式   不具备法定形式的合同   效力  

摘要： 形式自由是契约自由的必然要求。然而出于保存证据、促使当事人慎重考虑等因素,法律仍需对于某些形式的合同作法定形式的要求。问题是,对于不具法定形式要求的合同,应如何加以处理,我国现行立法存有缺陷,未能明确判定不具形式要求究竟会导致合同不成立还是仅仅影响合同的效力。另外,如果影响合同效力的话,应如何区分不同的效果?本文在比较法考察的基础上,探讨了法定形式的宗旨及类型,并着重从利益衡量的角度,分析不具法定形式要求的合同的三种后果,即:无效、经补正而有效及有效但内容依法律的规定而作调整。

关键词： 交易安全   企业经营管理水平   合同形式   慎用   合同行为   企业经营风险   企业发展   企业运营   企业安全   经济目标  

摘要： 速度、效益与安全是衡量企业经营管理水平的三项重要指标,其中安全性是企业运营的基本出发点,决定着企业发展的速度与效益,而企业的合同行为是企业安全的一个重要方面。企业在签订合同时不应仅着眼于经济目标,要时刻注意合同行为的安全性。大量事实表明,许多企业因为对合同订立（共3页)

关键词： 交通事故   痕迹   检验鉴定  

摘要： 针对交通事故痕迹的特点及形成机理,分析其形成原因。对不同交通事故车辆、人体、路面痕迹进行检验、分析。交通事故痕迹形成机理及其复杂、多样,通过认真分析、甄别,可以为认定交通事故事实,正确认定交通事故责任提供理论依据。

关键词： 微生物检验   医院感染   控制  

摘要： 医院感染在世界各国普遍存在。在医院感染控制中,微生物检验发挥着重要作用:1)对各种临床标本及时做出正确的病原诊断;2)进行细菌耐药性、感染源及易感人群监测;3)通过提高消毒和灭菌质量控制医院感染。

关键词： 痕迹检验   尸体检验   交通肇事  

摘要： 物证检验鉴定中的痕迹检验鉴定和尸体检验鉴定,不仅在一般刑事案件中应用广泛,而且能够为交通管理部门办理交通肇事案件,尤其是交通肇事逃逸或不确定驾驶员的案件提供有力的技术支持,在道路交通肇事案件的处理中为责任的划分和驾驶员的认定起着重要的作用。