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关键词： Aging   antipsychotic   schizophrenia   dopamine   extrapyramidal side effect   D-2 RECEPTOR OCCUPANCY   DOPAMINE-RECEPTORS   HUMAN-BRAIN   P-GLYCOPROTEIN   SCHIZOPHRENIA   RISPERIDONE   OLANZAPINE   BINDING   5-HT2   CLOZAPINE  

摘要： Objective: It is generally held that the elderly are more sensitive to motor side effects of antipsychotics, although the mechanisms for such an effect are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to examine whether this sensitivity is due to a central pharmacokinetic (i.e., higher occupancy for a given plasma level) or pharmacodynamic (i.e., greater functional effects for a given occupancy) effect. Design: Crossectional. Setting: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Participants: Thirteen subjects aged 50 (mean +/- standard deviation age: 62 +/- 9 years) with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who were receiving risperidone. Measurements: Dopamine D-2 bingind potential in the striatum, using [C-11]raclopride positron emission tomography scan. D-2 receptor occupancy was calculated, using age-corrected measure from healthy individuals and region of interest analysis. Results: The authors observed the expected nonlinear relationship between total risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone plasma level and striatal D-2 receptor occupancy. The estimated plasma level of risperidone plus 9-hydroxyrisperidone associated with 50% maximal receptor occupancy was 7.3 ng/mL, which is similar to what has been reported in younger patients. However, extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) were observed in seven subjects at D-2 occupancy of 34%-79%, occupancy levels that are lower than previously reported for younger patients in whom EPS are rare at occupancies lower than 80%. Conclusion: The observation of greater functional effect (EPS in this case) for a given drug occupancy than the younger patients supports a pharmacodynamic mechanism for age-related antipsychotic drug sensitivity. This finding has important implications for dosing of antipsychotics in older patients with schizophrenia. (Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2009; 17:255-263)

关键词： 3-DIMENSIONAL ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATIONS   SEASONAL PLANT-GROWTH   PART II   ANNUAL CYCLE   VEGETATION   GCM   VARIABILITY   IMPACTS   PATTERNS   GLACE  

摘要： This paper examines to what extent crops and their environment should be viewed as a coupled system. Crop impact assessments currently use climate model output offline to drive process-based crop models. However, in regions where local climate is sensitive to land surface conditions more consistent assessments may be produced with the crop model embedded within the land surface scheme of the climate model. Using a recently developed coupled crop-climate model, the sensitivity of local climate, in particular climate variability, to climatically forced variations in crop growth throughout the tropics is examined by comparing climates simulated with dynamic and prescribed seasonal growth of croplands. Interannual variations in land surface properties associated with variations in crop growth and development were found to have significant impacts on near-surface fluxes and climate; for example, growing season temperature variability was increased by up to 40% by the inclusion of dynamic crops. The impact was greatest in dry years where the response of crop growth to soil moisture deficits enhanced the associated warming via a reduction in evaporation. Parts of the Sahel, India, Brazil, and southern Africa were identified where local climate variability is sensitive to variations in crop growth, and where crop yield is sensitive to variations in surface temperature. Therefore, offline seasonal forecasting methodologies in these regions may underestimate crop yield variability. The inclusion of dynamic crops also altered the mean climate of the humid tropics, highlighting the importance of including dynamical vegetation within climate models.

关键词： sexual harassment   attractiveness   job performance   gender-typed jobs   PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS   SEX   MEN   APPEARANCE   DECISIONS   APPRAISAL   BEAUTIFUL   GENDER  

摘要： The present work examines whether a rater's likelihood to sexually harass (LSH) moderates the effects of employee attractiveness, gender type of job, and explicit performance information on performance appraisals of female subordinates. A mixed design was used with rater LSH (high vs. medium vs. low) as a between-subjects variable; ratee attractiveness (high vs. low), ratee actual performance level (high vs. low), and job type (disc jockey vs. secretary vs. security guard) were within-subjects variables. A total of 92 male undergraduates completed Pryor's LSH Scale, read 12 written performance scenarios (with employee photographs), and rated performance of described female employees. Interactions between LSH with attractiveness and performance were found.

关键词： 临床细菌学检验   细菌学鉴定   验方   自动化仪器   分离培养   检验医学   检验技术   生长繁殖  

摘要： 随着检验医学的进展,临床细菌学检验日益受到重视,发挥传统检验方法和先进仪器的优势,可以促进临床细菌学检验技术的进一步提高.1 分离培养是临床细菌学不可缺少的基本技术,是获得纯培养物的必要手段,即使自动化仪器再先进也只能对纯菌做出鉴定.

关键词： 检验科   主任   作用  

摘要： 检验科在医院中虽然是辅助科室,但他的作用越来越受到临床的重视.同时一个良好的实验室除了需要良好的实验设备和高素质的检验人员以外,还必须有一个善于管理的领导者,才能保质保量地完成任务,更好地服务于社会.降低消耗,发挥每个科室成员的主观能动性,更好地为临床服务.为此在工作中检验科主任要善于运用管理艺术,调动科员的积极性,发挥每个人的潜能,以实现科室管理的目标和提高检验工作量.科主任在学科建设中,除了抓好科室质量管理(分析前、中、后的质控),还要注重经济效益和社会效益,加强教育新人, 增强与上级和临床的沟通.还要学会授权,合理利用人才,提高工作效率履行好自己的职能.

关键词： 无损检测   工业产品   质量检验  

摘要： 无损检测技术是近年在工业中广泛应用的新兴的高科技检测技术。本文介绍了工业产品无损检测的内容与技术,综述了无损检测技术在不同工业产品质量检验中的应用现状,并对工业产品无损检测技术提出了发展与展望。

关键词： 危险化学品   分类   标签   欧盟   包装   法案   化学物质   绿色壁垒  

摘要： 近日,欧盟通过一项关于化学物质和混合剂分类、标签及包装的法规议案.新法规对化学物质的分类及标签的准则或责任做出规定,填补了<化学品注册、评估及许可法规>(简称REACH法规)具体化学物质分类及标签内容的缺失,并与其相辅相成,共同构筑欧盟抵御危险化学品的绿色壁垒.

关键词： 化学品管理   包装法规   分类   标签   组成部分   调制度   联合国  

摘要： 欧洲化学品管理署颁布的《化学品分类标签包装法规》（CLP）正式实施。该法规是欧盟应对联合国《化学品分类及标记全球协调制度》（GHS）有关化学品的分类和标签规定的组成部分，同时也为REACH法规起到配套作用。

关键词： 碳交易   计价结算货币   市场份额   定价权   异质化  

摘要： 一国货币与国际大宗商品、特别是能源贸易的计价结算绑定权往往是货币崛起的起点。本文在考察"煤炭-英镑"、"石油-美元"霸权演变的基础上,对新能源组合和新能源利用模式的核心——碳信用交易的计价和结算货币绑定权——以及由此衍生的货币职能加以探讨。从碳交易市场迅速发展的现状出发,本文指出,基于碳交易的商品属性,有形商品贸易计价和结算货币选择的经典理论和一般规律同样适用于碳交易计价和结算货币选择,碳交易市场份额、金融市场的完善程度和碳信用额差异性等是重要影响因素。本文系统论证了碳交易市场计价和结算货币的现状。本文认为,碳交易的兴起将是助推货币多元化格局的绝好契机,与"货币稳定三岛"的演进方向趋同,也顺应了重塑全球货币体系的改革诉求。

关键词： 过度包装   分类   成因  

摘要： 随着我国经济的发展,我国企业开始越发重视商品的包装,但近年来,商品过度包装逐渐成为我国的一大问题,并且有越演越烈的趋势。本文提出了商品过度包装的分类,在分类的基础上,从消费的角度阐述了目前我国商品过度包装的现存问题,运用经济学方法分析其成因,为使我国商品过度包装回到其应有的"度"上提供了基础。