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关键词： (EC)No   1272/2008   GHS   分类   标签   包装  

摘要： 本文介绍了欧盟《物质和混合物分类、标签和包装条例》((EC)No 1272/2008)的形成背景和主要内容,探讨了中国企业的应对之道。

关键词： School food environment   Outdoor advertising   Food outlets   Childhood nutrition   CHILDHOOD OBESITY   COMPLEXITY THEORY   NUTRITION   INTERVENTIONS   EPIDEMIC   HEALTH   GEOGRAPHIES   DEPRIVATION   ALCOHOL   DENSITY  

摘要： Schools are commonly seen as a site of intervention to improve children's nutrition, and prevent excess weight gain. Schools may have limited influence over children's diets; however, with home and community environments also exerting an influence within schools. This study considered the environment of food outlets and outdoor food advertisements surrounding four case study primary schools in New Zealand, and the impact of that external environment on within-school food environments. The shortest travel route between school and home addresses, and the number of food outlets and advertisements passed on that route, was calculated for each student. Interviews with school management were conducted. The schools with a higher percentage of students passing food outlets and advertisements considered that their presence impacted on efforts within schools to improve the food environment. Limiting students' exposure to food outlets and outdoor food adverts through travel route planning, reducing advertising, or limiting the location of food outlets surrounding schools could be explored as intervention options to support schools in promoting nutrition. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dipterocarpaceae   Dammar resins   Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry   Biodegradation   Biomarkers   Triterpenoids   POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS   TRITERPENOID HYDROCARBONS   MASS-SPECTROMETRY   9TH-CENTURY ARAB   AUSTRALIAN COALS   INDIAN SHIPWRECK   SEDIMENTS   IDENTIFICATION   DIAZOMETHANE   DIAGENESIS  

摘要： Plant resins, and particularly dammars from the Dipterocarpaceae family, were widely used in the past, notably as part of caulking material. The organic composition of resins, already complicated, is not always preserved over time and can be considerably affected by ageing. Hence, their occurrence in archaeological items leads to the necessity to identify them taxonomically with precision. Resinous organic materials collected near and/or on wrecks discovered in South China Sea, supposed to contain dammar resins because of their geographical excavation context, were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), together with freshly collected dammars, to establish taxonomic and alteration parameters allowing to identify dammar even in very altered samples or in mixtures together with other organic materials. This study specially focuses on three samples collected within or close to the M1J wreck, a Portuguese wreck lost in the Straight of Malacca during the 16th century. Our analyses establish that all three are made of dammar, two of them in association with pitch and bitumen. In addition, biodegradation biomarkers were detected in all these three samples, indicating that they were submitted to microbial degradation processes during their ageing. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pose independence   Local features   Kernel principal component analysis   Face recognition   3D object recognition   FACE RECOGNITION   FEATURES   MACHINE   MODELS  

摘要： This paper presents a pose independent classification method from a small number of training samples based on kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) of local parts. Pose changes induce large non-linear variation in feature space of global features. Therefore, conventional methods require multiple poses in training. However, the influence of pose changes in local features is less than that in global features because the global configuration is much influenced. The difference of distributions of local parts cropped from different poses is not so large. If the distribution of local parts cropped from typical poses is modeled, it is robust to unknown poses. Since the distribution of local parts is non-linear, KPCA is used to model the feature space specialized of each class. Class-featuring information compression (CLAFIC) is used to compute the similarity with subspace. In CLAFIC of KPCA, the similarity with certain class is computed by the weighted sum of the similarities with training local parts. Since many local parts are cropped from the input, voting, summation, and median rules are used to combine the similarities of all local parts. Robustness to pose variation is evaluated using the face images of five poses of 300 subjects. Although only frontal and profile views are used in training, the recognition rates to unknown poses are more than 90%. Effectiveness is shown by the comparison with linear PCA of local parts and global features based methods. In addition, the proposed method can be applied easily to the recognition problem of various kinds of 3D objects because it does not require many poses in training or preprocessing such as accurate correspondence between images. The robustness to pose variation and ease of applications are demonstrated using COIL 100 database. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 农地流转合同形式   人情   利益   信任  

摘要： 农地流转合同的当事人是在权衡人情与利益的基础上选择合同形式的。农地流转合同的当事人或选择口头形式或选择书面形式的农地流转合同,是分别倚重于人际信任或制度信任来化解未来交易复杂性的,并分别借助人情约束机制和制度约束机制来防范合同履行风险的。由于乡土社会人情约束机制的现实存在,口头形式的农地流转合同的履约率较高。农地流转合同形式法律制度的构建,应将农地流转合同形式的选择权赋予农地流转合同的当事人。

关键词： 电子商务   合同成立   成立时间   成立地点   法律适用  

摘要： 电子商务已成为当今国际商业交往中主要的交易方式之一,在电子商务的交易过程中,电子商务合同起着重要的作用,与传统的纸面形式的合同相比,电子商务成立的时间与地点较难确定,而这两者是确定电子商务法律适用及管辖法院的重要问题;可将电子商务合同分为完全电子商务合同与不完全电子商务合同对电子商务成立的时间与地点问题进行研究,从而可以确定电子商务合同成立的时间与地点,保证了电子交易的安全与快捷。

关键词： Classification   High dimension   Low sample size   Minimum error rate   Robust centroid   GENE-EXPRESSION   SHRUNKEN CENTROIDS   CLASS PREDICTION   CANCER  

摘要： A new method of statistical classification (discrimination) is proposed. The method is most effective for high dimension, low sample size data. It uses a robust mean difference as the direction vector and locates the classification boundary by minimizing the error rates. Asymptotic results for assessment and comparison to several popular methods are obtained by using a type of asymptotics of finite sample size and infinite dimensions. The value of the proposed approach is demonstrated by simulations. Real data examples are used to illustrate the performance of different classification methods. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 监督检验   产品质量责任   生产企业   检验结果   质量监督   检验结论   管理部门   政府形象  

摘要： 本文针对一些地方在产品质监检验中把备样作为生产企业或商场对检验结果提出异议时复检之用的现象,从质监理论上分析其错误所在。并且指出启用备样进行复检是违背质量监督原理与方法,失去了备样应有的作用与功能,其结果会造成质监管理部门经常要推翻自己已做出正确的监督检验结论,损害政府形象。生产企业或商场完全可以通过启用备样复检的形式逃避自己的产品质量责任,让质量水平低下的产品名正言顺地进入市场。

关键词： Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC)   Recombinant antibody (rAb)   Boronate affinity   Vicinal cis-diols   Glycation and glycosylation   Quantum mechanics calculation   BORONATE AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY   HUMANIZED MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY   MOLECULAR RECOGNITION   GLYCATION   COMPLEXES   PROTEINS   FRACTIONATION   PURIFICATION   DERIVATIVES   FORMULATION  

摘要： A two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) system incorporating Agilent 1100 components was set up and 2D-LC methods were developed to determine how recombinant antibodies (rAbs) interact with a commercial boronate column. Analyses of ten rAbs demonstrated that a simple boronate affinity chromatography method cannot be generalized to separate or detect the glycation level for all of rAbs as the aggregates were also retained on the boronate column. A quantitative boronate affinity chromatography method was developed to examine the extent of glycation of a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody (rhuMAb). With the method, only the glycated components of intact or papain-treated rhuMAb were bound to the boronate column. When denatured, rhuMAb heavy chain was also bound. However, enzymatic removal of the N-oligosaccharides did not delete the binding, indicating that the interaction between the heavy chain and the phenylboronate functionality is not mediated through the N-oligosaccharides. Two-stage 2D-LC analysis with boronate affinity chromatography in the first dimension and reversed-phase chromatography in the second demonstrated that the interaction between the antibody heavy chain and boronate column is not specific, as urea is able to selectively elute retained heavy chain without disrupting the retention of glycated light chain. Quantum mechanic calculations show that the vicinal cis-diols in beta-pyranose conformations in N-glycosylated antibodies need to overcome at least 7.172 kcal/mol to become co-planar (zero-dihedral angle). However, the cis-diols on beta-furanose rings of glycated species only have to overcome a 0.885 kcal/mol energy barrier to achieve the co-planar configuration that facilitates its complex formation with the phenylboronate groups. This minimal energy barrier, coupled with the stabilizing effect from the electrostatic interaction between the oppositely charged phenylboronate group on the column and the fructosamine group of glycate

关键词： 国债政策   经济增长   金融发展   机制  

摘要： 改革开放以来,投资成为中国经济增长的有力支撑点,并逐渐形成以投资带动的经济增长模式。这一模式的形成,国债政策发挥了重要的作用。国债作为一种金融产品,其发行和交易的前提条件是金融机构的建立、金融体系的健全,并通过金融发展渠道发挥对经济增长的作用。本文基于中国国债政策的实施情况,对国债政策通过金融渠道发挥经济增长效应的机制进行了理论分析与实证检验。本文的研究为我国1998年以来积极的国债政策提供了经验支持,表明"国债政策—金融发展—经济增长"这条渠道对我国经济增长是重要的。