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关键词： CROSS-VALIDATION   MASS-SPECTRA   CANCER   PREDICTION   PROTEOMICS   ALGORITHM  

摘要： Application of ensemble classification rules in genomics and proteomics has become increasingly common. However, the problem of error estimation for these classification rules, particularly for bagging under the small-sample settings prevalent in genomics and proteomics, is not well understood. Breiman proposed the "out-of-bag" method for estimating statistics of bagged classifiers, which was subsequently applied by other authors to estimate the classification error. In this paper, we give an explicit definition of the out-of-bag estimator that is intended to remove estimator bias, by formulating carefully how the error count is normalized. We also report the results of an extensive simulation study of bagging of common classification rules, including LDA, 3NN, and CART, applied on both synthetic and real patient data, corresponding to the use of common error estimators such as resubstitution, leave-one-out, cross-validation, basic bootstrap, bootstrap 632, bootstrap 632 plus, bolstering, semi-bolstering, in addition to the out-of-bag estimator. The results from the numerical experiments indicated that the performance of the out-of-bag estimator is very similar to that of leave-one-out; in particular, the out-of-bag estimator is slightly pessimistically biased. The performance of the other estimators is consistent with their performance with the corresponding single classifiers, as reported in other studies.

关键词： 合同  

ISBN: (纸本)9787543864511

摘要： 《合同形式的国家干预研究》内容简介：国家与社会的关系理论为合同形式的国家干预提供了合理性论证，社会背景和合同法理念的转变为其提供了必要性论证。

关键词： 网络购物   合同   成立  

摘要： 如今,方便快捷的网络购物不断发展,但是在我国法学界对于网络购物合同何时成立,成立要件等依然存在争议,并且在法律上也是一片空白,本文通过对案例的分析,对不同网络购物方式的探析,结合传统民法原理对网络购物条件下合同成立问题进行探析,以期对今后构建一个合理完善的法律制度提供有益的见解。

ISBN: (数字)7811388618

关键词： Classification   CLP   GHS   Globally harmonised system   Labelling   Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008  

摘要： Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures entered into force 20 January 2009, and replaces in a staggered way directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC within the European Union. The regulation implements the globally harmonised system on classification and labelling within the European Union. This paper provides a short overview of the regulation and how manufacturers and importers should apply the new rules. Annex VI to the regulation contains a list of substances with classification and labelling that is legally binding on the market of the European Union. About a third of these substances/groups of substances are classified as carcinogenic, germ cell mutagenic and/or reproductive toxic. Copyright © 2010 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： 成套设备   外商履约   国家权益  

摘要： 加强进口成套设备的检验,严把设备质量关,是关系到外商履约,维护国家权益的大事。鸭河口电厂一期工程作为引进外资额度较大的涉外工程,在进口成套设备的接卸、保管和检验过程中做了大量细致和卓有成效的工作,积累了丰富的工作经验,摸索出了一套比较实用的管理办法,在此作以回顾和总结,以便与今后工作中借鉴。

关键词： 检验前   条码   质量控制   质量管理  

摘要： 目的:探讨条形码技术在检验前质量控制中的作用。方法:由医生通过HIS医生工作站开出电子检验申请单,LIS系统中的标本采集系统读取HIS中的电子医嘱,统一生成每张电子申请单的唯一条码标识,并打印成条形码标签,其内容包含患者基本信息、检测项目和采集时间、采集容器等内容。采集标本后,采集人员将该条形码标贴于相应的采集容器上。检验科工作人员只需用扫码器读取该条形码即可完成标本核收、住院患者费用收取及病人资料录入工作。上机检测过程中,条形码仍发挥着重要作用,LIS可将该条码样本需检验的项目通过单工或双工模式上载到检测仪器,从而完成工作清单的自动生成。检验人员在检验结果审核无误后,直接标记该报告审核完毕,

关键词： 结构实体检验   钢筋保护层厚度   控制  

摘要： 结合现行<混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范>(GB 50204-2002)中对结构实体检测要求,通过对钢筋混凝土中钢筋与混凝土共同作用受力原理的分析简要介绍了钢筋保护层的重要性及其在施工中的控制.

关键词： 在线交易   传统合同   数据电文  

摘要： 本文主要是对C2C在线交易合同形式问题的研究.在第一部分中阐述了从国际法到国内法对电子合同形式加以确认的根据和方式,确认了电子合同形式的法律承认.第二部分论述了数据电文作为证据的形式与可采集性,认为有必要对传统的诉讼法的证据制度进行修改或扩充.

关键词： barley shochu   discriminant analysis   gas chromatography-mass spectrometry   solid-phase microextraction   submerged culture   COFFEE COFFEA-ARABICA   VOLATILE COMPOUNDS   WINES   ORIGINS   FLAVOR   AROMA  

摘要： An easy and fast method of analyzing volatile components contained in shochu, by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, was established to determine the difference in the content of the various components of barley shochu produced using a submerged culture of koji mold (submerged-culture shochu) and a solid-state culture of koji mold (solid-culture shochu). The contents of the volatile components between the two types of shochu were compared. The results of the comparison revealed that the content of ethyl lactate, ethyl benzoate, 3-methyl-1-pentanol, diethyl succinate, citronellol, and 2-phenethyl acetate differed between the submerged-culture and the solid-culture shochu samples. In addition, the classification of barley shochu samples, including those on the market, into submerged-culture shochu and solid-culture shochu, was carried out by multivariate analysis using the quantitative values of the above-mentioned six compounds, and distinct discrimination was found possible.