课程文献中心 更多>>

关键词： 装备制造业   带动作用   溢出效应   两部门模型  

摘要： 本文将工业分为装备制造和非装备制造两类部门,应用两部门模型研究装备制造业发展对工业经济的带动作用以及对非装备制造部门的溢出效应,并运用2000-2007年我国31个省区的面板数据进行了实证检验,结果表明:(1)装备制造业对非装备制造部门存在显著的溢出效应,外溢弹性为7.996%;(2)装备制造业对整个工业经济的带动作用十分明显,贡献率达到9.15%;(3)装备制造业的平均要素边际产出比非装备制造部门高出10.07%。

关键词： 质量监督检验   工作   名牌战略   地位   作用  

摘要： 加入世界贸易组织后,我国经济开始在全新的平台上与世界各国竞争。名牌产品代表着一个国家的经济水平,乃至代表着整个国家的先进生产力。而质量监督检验工作是国家实施名牌战略的关键环节,其地位和作用极其重要。

关键词： 检验师   临床   实验室  

摘要： 通过对检验师的工作内容进行了解分析,探讨检验师在临床与实验室之间的重要作用,深刻认识检验师的工作重要性,从而充分认识到高质量的检验结果决定着临床诊疗的正确诊断和治疗,检验医师的工作就是临床与实验室之间实际意义的具体体现,也是两者之间的桥梁;检验师的工作适应医疗水平的发展而变得全面而重要,并起着辅助和衔接的作用。

关键词： 临床微生物学检验   医院感染检测  

摘要： 随着医疗技术的发展，各种侵入性操作治疗手段的使用，肿瘤化疗，激素和免疫抑制剂的广泛应用，医院感染问题日益突出。抗生素的广泛应用，在有效治疗感染的同时，也诱发或导致治疗更加困难的多重耐药和医院的二重感染。医院感染日益成为一个严峻的问题摆在广大医务工作者面前，应引起足够的重视。在美国医院感染的发生率在5％～10％，每年造成的额外的医疗消费约为175—350亿美元。

关键词： 情势变更原则   合同违约   楼市   市场背景   买卖双方   调控政策   履行合同   解除合同  

摘要： 楼市调控政策使房屋买卖双方交易的市场背景发生了变化。对于部分购买房屋的当事人，新政的出台使其履行合同产生了一定的阻碍，买方往往希望解除合同，减轻压力，而卖方为了维护既得利益，不同意解除。本文试从情势变更原则司法适用的角度对此略作分析。

关键词： 价格核算   商品出口   人民币汇率   出口退税率   预期利润率   货物出口贸易   出口报价   外贸企业  

摘要： 对外报价是货物出口贸易中必须遇到的一个环节，外贸从业者如何通过综合考虑人民币汇率、出口退税率、各种费用和预期利润率等变量，将商品的本币价格快速而准确换算成外币价格？本文在综述了国内学者和业界有关出口报价文献基础上，结合外贸企业实际情况，提出了多个费用变量纳入预期利润的设想，并成为汇率、出口退税率、商品价格后的第四个变量，使得出口报价变得更加快捷和方便。

关键词： 痕迹检验技术   交通肇事案件  

摘要： 长期以来,技术人员在应用痕迹检验技术勘验和检验交通肇事案件时,往往只考虑到特殊痕迹检验中整体分离痕迹和轮胎印痕来认定肇事车辆,对于其他痕迹在确定案件的性质,侦查方向有着特殊作用却少有所知。本文通过一系列具体的交通肇事案件,说明整个痕迹检验技术在交通肇事案件现场中有着广泛应用,对交通肇事案件的侦破具有积极的意义。

关键词： AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN   PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN   GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION   NEGATIVE BREAST-CANCER   ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR STATUS   BLACK-WHITE DIFFERENCES   RACIAL-DIFFERENCES   LUNG-CANCER   COLORECTAL-CANCER   POPULATION STRATIFICATION  

摘要： Cancer incidence and mortality rates show great variations across nations and between population groups. These variations are largely explained by differences in age distribution, diet and lifestyle, access to health care, cultural barriers and exposure to carcinogens and pathogens. Cancers caused by infections are significantly more common in developing than developed countries, and they overproportionally affect immigrant populations in the USA and other countries. The global pattern of cancer is not stagnant. Instead, it is dynamic because of fluctuations in the age distribution of populations, improvements in cancer prevention and early detection in affluent countries and rapid changes in diet and lifestyle in parts of the world. For example, increased smoking rates have caused tobacco-induced cancers to rise in various Asian countries, whereas reduced smoking rates have caused these cancers to plateau or even begin to decline in Western Europe and North America. Some population groups experience a disproportionally high cancer burden. In the USA and the Caribbean, cancer incidence and mortality rates are excessively high in populations of African ancestry when compared with other population groups. The causes of this disparity are multifaceted and may include tumor biological and genetic factors and their interaction with the environment. In this review, we will discuss the magnitude and causes of global cancer health disparities and will, with a focus on African-Americans and selected cancer sites, evaluate the evidence that genetic and tumor biological factors contribute to existing cancer incidence and outcome differences among population groups in the USA.

关键词： MULTILOCUS   IDENTIFICATION   RECOMBINATION   SOFTWARE   EVENTS   CLONES  

摘要： Background: Worldwide effort on sampling and characterization of molecular variation within a large number of human and animal pathogens has lead to the emergence of multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) databases as an important tool for studying the epidemiology and evolution of pathogens. Many of these databases are currently harboring several thousands of multi-locus DNA sequence types (STs) enriched with metadata over traits such as serotype, antibiotic resistance, host organism etc of the isolates. Curators of the databases have thus the possibility of dividing the pathogen populations into subsets representing different evolutionary lineages, geographically associated groups, or other subpopulations, which are defined in terms of molecular similarities and dissimilarities residing within a database. When combined with the existing metadata, such subsets may provide invaluable information for assessing the position of a new set of isolates in relation to the whole pathogen population. Results: To enable users of MLST schemes to query the databases with sets of new bacterial isolates and to automatically analyze their relation to existing curated sequences, we introduce here a Bayesian model-based method for semi-supervised classification of MLST data. Our method can use an MLST database as a training set and assign simultaneously any set of query sequences into the earlier discovered lineages/populations, while also allowing some or all of these sequences to form previously undiscovered genetically distinct groups. This tool provides probabilistic quantification of the classification uncertainty and is highly efficient computationally, thus enabling rapid analyses of large databases and sets of query sequences. The latter feature is a necessary prerequisite for an automated access through the MLST web interface. We demonstrate the versatility of our approach by anayzing both real and synthesized data from MLST databases. The introduced method for semi-supervised

关键词： 检验医学   临床医学  

摘要： 检验医学是一门新兴的、独立的学科，是临床医学的重要组成部分。由于检验医学不断的进展，新技术的应用及方法学上的革命性变革，使检验质量和检验水平显著提高，使越来越多的临床医师依靠检验信息综合分析，进行诊断、治疗和预后判断，所以检验科的工作在临床诊疗中发挥着越来越重要的作用。检验医学是一门新兴的、独立的学科，是临床医学的重要组成部分。