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关键词： 微生物检验   医院感染   检测  

摘要： 随着社会的进步和医学科学技术的发展,医疗技术手段的不断提升,医学事业对人类社会的进步与发展产生了巨大作用,为人类的健康长寿做出了不可磨灭的贡献,但是医学是一把双刃剑,医疗过程中各种侵入性操作治疗手段的使用,以及肿瘤化疗、激素和免疫抑制剂的应用,抗生素的广泛应用,在有效治疗感染的同时,也诱发或导致治疗更加困难的多重耐药和医院的二重感染.医院感染已成为一个严重的公共卫生问题,也是一个重大的医院管理课题[1].在美国医院感染的发生率在5%～10%,每年造成的额外的医疗消费约为175～350亿美元[2].医院感染除了经济上损失以外,更严重的是给患者带来巨大危害,微生物检验在对医院感染检测中具有重要作用,是医院感染控制的重要环节之一.

关键词： 医师培养   自身免疫性   检验   疾病诊断   专科医师培训   2009年   筹资机制   卫生部  

摘要： 从2004年起，卫生部科教司组织开展了“建立我国专科医师培训和准人制度的研究”课题，对专科医师的培养模式、筹资机制、考核等进行了分项研究，并于2007年在9个省市和两个直辖市进行试点，其中包括了检验医师培养计划，并于2010年前后建立了培训基地”。我院于2009年获得批准，建立检验医师培训基地，并开展检验医师培训工作，现有3名在站人员。

关键词： 违约责任   侵权责任   竞合  

摘要： 我国《合同法》第122条规定在违约责任与侵权责任发生竞合的情况下,受害人一方可选择提起违约之诉或侵权之诉。笔者认为此项规定源于过时的理论,与其他法律不协调,脱离我国实际。

关键词： 检验医师   项目选择   自我保健意识   检验项目   检验医学   医学角度  

摘要： 随着检验医学的发展和人们自我保健意识的提高,新技术、新项目不断涌现,而繁多的检验项目让患者感到疑惑,不知如何选择.本文从检验医学角度探讨怎样合理选择检验项目.

关键词： 业务统计   检验检疫  

摘要： 出入境检验检疫业务统计是对出入境检验检疫业务工作进行数据收集、整理、计算和分析等活动。它反映了检验检疫局的工作量和精神面貌,为深化检验检疫研究提供各种数据与信息,为检验检疫进行改革、实行科学管理、优质高效服务提供决策参考依据,还对检验检疫业务工作起监督与持续改进的作用。

关键词： 欧盟委员会   包装法规   修订   分类   标签   技术性贸易壁垒   全球协调系统   wT0  

摘要： 据悉，欧盟委员会已将欧盟分类、标签和包装法规（CLP）第4次技术程序修订（ATP）草案文本提交给wT0技术性贸易壁垒委员会，届时将在WTO网站上进行公布。第4次技术程序修订（ATP）使CLP法规与去年发布的联合国全球协调系统（GHS）第四修订版本相符，该改变将在2013年第一季度强制执行。

关键词： Cyanobacteria   Anabaena   Gulf of Gdansk   Baltic Sea   polyphasic approach   MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION   SPECIES DEFINITION   GENERA ANABAENA   CYANOBACTERIA   DIVERSITY   APHANIZOMENON   NODULARIA   STRAINS   PCR   DOLICHOSPERMUM  

摘要： The aim of this paper was a taxonomic verification of cyanobacteria of the genus Anabaena that occur in the Gulf of Gdansk. Classical taxonomic methods were combined with modern molecular taxonomic methods (polyphasic approach). Analysis of the species diversity of cyanobacteria from the genus Anabaena was based on the microscopic analysis and on the analysis of 16S rRNA and ITS region. Comparison of the obtained results with sequences in GenBank showed 97.8-100% similarity for 16S rRNA and 98.8-100% similarity in the case of the ITS fragment. Similarity of the 16S rRNA and ITS sequence of 98.5% seems to be sufficient to determine the species.

关键词： Bluegill   Yellow perch   Competition   Habitat   Diet   ROACH RUTILUS-RUTILUS   SHALLOW EUTROPHIC LAKE   SOUTH-DAKOTA LAKES   INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION   MICROCOSM EXPERIMENTS   LIMITED RELEVANCE   ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY   LARGEMOUTH BASS   INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION   GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS  

摘要： Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) populations are often sympatric in the Great Plains region of the U.S.A. and portions of Canada; however, very little attention has been given to potential interactions between these species for available resources, especially during the early life stages. Relationships between age-0 bluegill and yellow perch growth and relative abundance were explored across multiple lakes and years within the Nebraska Sandhill region, USA. In addition, four habitat patch types (open water, Phragmites spp., Typha spp., Scirpus spp.) were sampled for age-0 bluegill and yellow perch, and food habits were examined for each species during August, September, and October of 2009 in one of these lakes. Age-0 yellow perch growth was negatively related to age-0 bluegill relative abundance across a spatiotemporal scale. Age-0 bluegill and yellow perch exhibited similar habitat use (moderate-high overlap), but generally consumed different important and dominant prey taxa (bluegill consumed both macroinvertebrates-56 % and zooplankton-44 %, while yellow perch consumed more zooplankton-66 %), which resulted in low overall diet overlap between species. Previous research indicates that age-0 yellow perch diet ontogeny often results in feeding predominately on macroinvertebrates and positively selecting them (and avoiding zooplankton prey) at sizes observed in our study. Therefore, yellow perch growth rates may be compromised by the presence of bluegill because of the need to consume less energetically profitable prey items such as zooplankton.

关键词： breast carcinoma grade   microarray boosting   reproducibility   CARCINOMA  

摘要： Aims: Nottingham breast cancer grade (NG) is a subjective morphological assessment based on evaluation of the entire tumour. The value of many novel immunohistochemical and molecular markers is being assessed on tiny microarray samples of tumour and compared with NG. The aim of this study was to investigate whether tumour morphology in microarray samples would correlate with NG. Methods and results: We examined over 40 morphological features in each of 568 breast tumour samples on a microarray obtained from the US National Cancer Institute. Evaluations were subjective, and features were recorded as being present or absent in each tumour. Subsequently, on the basis of binary results, a boosting classification algorithm was implemented to help assign a microarray score and microarray grade to each tumour. Microarray grade was significantly correlated with NG (P < 0.01). High-grade versus low-grade discrepancies were rare (five of 568 samples). Conclusions: The strong correlation of microarray grade with NG supports pathologist reproducibility in subjective evaluations.

关键词： 工程建设   总承包模式   平行承包模式   工程造价  

摘要： 建设项目的合同结构形式对工程造价会产生影响，制定合同时，除了要全面考虑众多因素，最重要的还是选择合同的形式，合同结构形式的选择是和工程项目的组织管理模式有关。我国的常用工程项目组织管理模式主要有“总包模式和“平行承包模式”两种，还有将“总包模式”与“平行承包模式”相结合的一种方式。