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关键词： 顾客组织社会化   技术质量   功能质量   顾客满意  

摘要： 构建了顾客组织社会化、顾客技术质量、顾客功能质量、员工满意和顾客满意的构念模型,以美发行业的181对顾客和员工的双边数据对模型进行了实证检验。研究发现,顾客组织社会化会通过影响员工满意,进而影响到顾客自身的满意。

关键词： 家族所有权   家族控制   企业绩效   传承意愿   长期投资  

摘要： 家族所有权如何影响家族企业的短期逐利和长期投资行为?通过对2010年全国私营企业抽样调查数据库的1574家中小型家族企业,在不同家族传承意愿下的长短期影响进行的分组检验显示,无论是否有意家族传承,家族所有权与短期利益总是显著正相关,而仅有意传承的家族所有权会促进长期投资,无意家族传承的家族所有权对长期投资的积极性不足。这表明,在家族企业的长短期决策中,一定的短期利益是得以生存和发展的前提,而仅有意家族世代传承的家族所有权才获得长期投资的激励。

关键词： 跨境贸易   计价货币   结算货币   汇率风险   交易成本  

摘要： 基于国际贸易计价货币的选择视角,从国家因素、货币因素、贸易因素和其他因素四个方面阐述计价货币的选择,梳理了我国跨境贸易人民币计价结算的演进历程,剖析了我国跨境贸易人民币结算的现状。最后,提出推进跨境贸易人民币结算的相关建议。

关键词： LAW   LITIGATION   DESIGN  

摘要： In developing a contractual response to changes in the economic environment, parties choose the method by which their innovation will be adapted to the particulars of their context. These choices are driven centrally by the thickness of the relevant market-the number of actors who see themselves as facing similar circumstances-and the uncertainty related to that market. In turn, the parties' choice of method will shape how generalist courts can best support the parties' innovation and the novel regimes they envision. In this Article, we argue that contractual innovation does not come to courts incrementally, but instead reaches courts later in the innovation's evolution and more fully developed than the standard picture contemplates. Highly stylized, the trajectory of innovation in contract we find is this: Private actors respond to exogenous shocks in their economic environments by changing existing structures or procedures to make them efficient under the new circumstances. The innovating parties stabilize their newly emergent practices through a variety of regimes-both bilateral and multilateral-with the goal of establishing the context through which the innovation is implemented. It is only at this point, and when a dispute is presented to them, that courts step in. If contract innovation does indeed reach generalist courts through the mediating institution of these contextualizing regimes, then our argument follows directly: Because a central goal of contract adjudication is to enforce the agreement in the context the parties intended, the courts' willingness to defer to the context provided by the parties will put the law more directly in the service of innovation.

关键词： AIRLINE INDUSTRY   ASSET OWNERSHIP   VERTICAL INTEGRATION   TRUCKING   PROCUREMENT   INFORMATION   CHOICE  

摘要： This article investigates the relationship between transaction characteristics and contractual form as well as the role of technology adoption as a driver of variation in transaction characteristics. Our setting is the US airline industry, where many large airlines have outsourcing relationships with smaller regional carriers. In the late 1990s, fixed price contracts began to replace revenue sharing agreements as the dominant contractual form in these relationships. Moreover, this change coincided with the diffusion and adoption of a new aircraft technology, the regional jet. We present evidence that the new aircraft technology changed the set of flights that airlines subcontracted to their regional partners and did so in a way that favored the use of fixed price rather than revenue-sharing contracts. In particular, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the new flights being subcontracted had characteristics that would have led to significant haggling costs under route-level revenue sharing. (JEL L14, D86, L22)

关键词： LUNG-CANCER   DIAGNOSIS   FUTURE   ASSAY  

摘要： The authors discuss the implications of the new classification of adenocarcinoma. They cite 2 articles by Dr. Travis and colleagues which address the issue of conservation of small tissue samples for testing. They state that these 2 articles support the new classification of pulmonary adenocarcinomas which is a big step toward integrating clinical, radiologic, and molecular features into the pathologic classification of lung cancer.

关键词： Developmental disabilities   Parenting behaviors   Autism   TYPICALLY DEVELOPING-CHILDREN   DOWN-SYNDROME   YOUNG-CHILDREN   INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY   MENTAL-RETARDATION   DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES   SPECTRUM DISORDERS   PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN   BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS   AUTISM  

摘要： This study examined the extent to which child syndromes and observation context related to mothers' parenting behaviors. Longitudinal observations were conducted of parenting behavior across ages 3, 4, and 5 years during structured and unstructured activities. The 183 participants included mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, undifferentiated developmental delay, or typical cognitive development. Negative parenting behaviors were higher in structured activities and higher in mothers of children in all developmentally delayed groups. Positive parenting was higher in unstructured activities and especially high for mothers of children with Down syndrome. Despite differences found through direct observation of parenting children in different diagnostic groups, they are not as strong as syndrome-group differences found through more commonly used self-report questionnaires assessing domains like parenting stress.

关键词： Time series classification   Autoregressive models   Bias-adjusted AR estimators   Small samples   Hypothesis testing   PREDICTION INTERVALS   CLASSIFICATION   DISCRIMINATION   AUTOREGRESSION   CLUSTERS  

摘要： A new test of hypothesis for classifying stationary time series based on the bias-adjusted estimators of the fitted autoregressive model is proposed. It is shown theoretically that the proposed test has desirable properties. Simulation results show that when time series are short, the size and power estimates of the proposed test are reasonably good, and thus this test is reliable in discriminating between short-length time series. As the length of the time series increases, the performance of the proposed test improves, but the benefit of bias-adjustment reduces. The proposed hypothesis test is applied to two real data sets: the annual real GDP per capita of six European countries, and quarterly real GDP per capita of five European countries. The application results demonstrate that the proposed test displays reasonably good performance in classifying relatively short time series. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 检验检疫   监管   风险管理  

摘要： 本文重点阐述了风险管理在进出口检验监管中的重要性,并指出风险管理在实际检验检疫工作中应按照风险识别、风险分析及风险评估来对产品进行检验监管,使得检验检疫工作解决工作量大、人员少的矛盾与进出口产品检验通关速度加快的问题,同时指出检验检疫工作的重点,也指出了检验检疫工作未来的方向。