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关键词： 影子银行   经济增长   作用机制   实证检验  

摘要： 影子银行发展对经济增长而言具有正反两方面的作用,本文通过理论分析和实证分析对二者的关系进行研究。首先,我国影子银行发展对经济增长具有明显的正向促进作用,其作用机制主要通过影子银行为实体经济提供资金实现;接着,运用格兰杰因果关系检验、回归方程等计量经济学方法对上述关系进行检验。结果显示,我国影子银行和经济增长之间具有互为促进作用。因此,必须合理引导影子银行发展,以发挥影子银行在促进经济增长方面的积极作用,否则可能对经济发展有伤害作用。

关键词： 合同   法定形式   适用范围   形式种类  

摘要： 以内容为视角,我国合同法定形式规则呈现出以下特征:在适用范围上,覆盖面过广,变相形式强制现象严重;在法定形式种类上,书面形式占据主导地位;在履行治愈规则上,采用一般治愈模式;在后果排除规则上,鲜有诚实信用原则的适用。与此相对应,应采取三项完善措施:一是缩小要式合同之范围;二是扩大诚实信用原则的司法适用;三是提高适格履行治愈行为的标准。我国法定形式规则的完善应当在形式自由和实质正义间寻找平衡。

关键词： Sampling  

摘要： A problem of classification by precedents in partial precedence models is considered. An algorithm is presented for searching for maximum logical regularities of a class (LRCs) for consistent training tables. A two-level solution scheme of a problem is proposed for finding an optimal decision rule. First, LRCs are obtained by training data, and a mapping of the initial feature descriptions of objects into a space of points of a discrete unit cube is constructed. The objects of the training sample can be divided by a hyperplane in the latter space. It is suggested that a linear decision rule in the latter space that provides the maximum gap, similar to the support vector method, should be used as the decision rule. © 2014, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.

关键词： physical status   ASA classification   consistency   time   training   practice   risk factors   perioperative   CONSISTENCY   ANESTHESIOLOGISTS   ALLOCATION   SYSTEM  

摘要： The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scale is a widely used six-point ordinal scale that allows anaesthetists to assign a risk score to each patient scheduled for anaesthesia. Earlier studies of inter-rater reliability in assigning ASA physical status classifications to a standard set of patient descriptions have shown modest agreement. We surveyed 401 anaesthetists practising in Western Australia using descriptions of clinical history, physical examination and investigation results of ten hypothetical adult patients, pre-designed by other researchers, to have ASA class ranging 1 through 5. Anaesthetist respondents were also asked to supply their age, level of training (trainee or faculty) and sex and to indicate whether their training was undertaken mainly in Australia or New Zealand or elsewhere. The Kappa statistic (chance-corrected measure of agreement) was calculated for ten observations by all raters. Responses were received from 151 anaesthetists (response rate 38%); 64% male, 25% trainees; mean age 42 years, range 26 to 68 years; 83% trained in Australia or New Zealand. Calculated Kappa was 0.40. ASA class 2 was identified correctly least frequently and ASA class 1 was identified correctly most often. Correctly identifying ASA class was not related to age, level of training, sex or training region. We found only fair agreement among anaesthetists in assigning ASA class to ten fictitious patients, which was no better than that observed in earlier studies. Further, the range of scores assigned to standard patients' histories by anaesthetists supports earlier concerns about the robustness of this classification.

关键词： NONNEGATIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION   GENE-EXPRESSION   CANCER   TUMOR   PREDICTION   DECOMPOSITION   DISCOVERY  

摘要： Sparse representation classification (SRC) is one of the most promising classification methods for supervised learning. This method can effectively exploit discriminating information by introducing a l(1) regularization terms to the data. With the desirable property of sparisty, SRC is robust to both noise and outliers. In this study, we propose a weighted meta-sample based non-parametric sparse representation classification method for the accurate identification of tumor subtype. The proposed method includes three steps. First, we extract the weighted meta-samples for each sub class from raw data, and the rationality of the weighting strategy is proven mathematically. Second, sparse representation coefficients can be obtained by l(1) regularization of underdetermined linear equations. Thus, data dependent sparsity can be adaptively tuned. A simple characteristic function is eventually utilized to achieve classification. Asymptotic time complexity analysis is applied to our method. Compared with some state-of-the-art classifiers, the proposed method has lower time complexity and more flexibility. Experiments on eight samples of publicly available gene expression profile data show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： 合同形式   适用范围   缔约能力   动态调整  

摘要： 从实证的角度来看,影响合同法定形式适用范围的因素主要包含标的物价值数额、标的物的性质、契约的性质、契约的履行时间以及公共政策。法律对于合同当事人缔约能力的关注是法定形式适用范围勃兴的基础。立法者应当在利益平衡的基础上,在方式自由和实质平等间寻找动态平衡点。

关键词： 木材检验   木材缴库   木材拨付   重要作用  

摘要： 本文重点论述了木材检验在木材缴库、拨付中的重要作用。

关键词： 煤质检验   选煤   质量控制   质量纠纷  

摘要： 本文重点围绕煤质检验在选煤过程中的指导作用这一中心问题展开了分析与探讨,首先研究了选煤工作中煤质检验的重要意义,进而对煤质检验过程中采取、制备、化验环节的质量控制措施进行了探讨,最后研究了商品煤质量纠纷的处理方法,望引起重视。