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关键词： Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy   Chemometrics   Supervised methods   Bone remains   NEURAL-NETWORKS   DISCRIMINATION   IDENTIFICATION   TOOLBOX   MODELS   LIBS  

摘要： In this work seven supervised chemometric methods have been evaluated in a real world application for the classification of human bone remains with similar elemental composition based on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) measurements. Bone samples belonging to five individuals were obtained from a local cemetery, exposed to uncontrolled conditions. LIBS data were processed with different linear and non-linear supervised chemometric approaches. The performance of each chemometric model was assessed by three validation procedures taking into account their sensitivity (internal validation), generalization ability and robustness (independent external validation). The accuracy of each method increased in the following order: 42% for Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), 48% for Classification and Regression Tree (CART), 56% for Support Vector Machines (SVM), 58% for Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA), 58% for Partial least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), 66% for Binary Logistic Regression (BLR) and 100% for Artificial Neural Networks (NN). The results showed that NN outperforms in terms of sensitivity, generalization ability and robustness; whereas SIMCA, PLS-DA, LDA, CART, Logistic Regression and SVM did not show significant accuracy to discriminate the bone samples with a high degree of similarity. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 销售包装   包装装潢设计   增值功能   食品包装   运输包装   包装种类   作用分类   企业形象   组合包装   商业包  

摘要： 现代包装种类很多,因分类角度不同形成多种分类方法。(一)按流通过程中的作用分类1.销售包装又称小包装或商业包装,不仅具有对商品的保护作用,而且更注重包装的促销和增值功能,通过包装装潢设计手段来树立商品和企业形象,吸引消费者、提高商品竞争力。瓶、罐、盒、袋及其组合包装一般属于销售包装。2.运输包装又称大包装,应具有很好的保护功能以及方便贮运和装卸功能。

关键词： 糖尿病   早期肾损伤   尿微   尿糖  

摘要： 目的分析临床诊断糖尿病患者早期肾损伤时采用尿微量和尿糖联合检验方法的意义。方法随机抽取该院于2013年1月—2014年1月来院治疗的糖尿病患者62例作为观察组,选择同期来院治疗的健康体检者60例作为对照组,两组患者均进行尿微量白蛋白和尿糖的检测,对其检测结果进行分析比较。结果观察组尿微量白蛋白、尿糖检测结果分别为(42.36±5.34)mg/L、(1.84±0.82)mmol/L,均高于对照组的(15.28±3.25)mg/L、(1.03±0.21)mmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组中尿微量白蛋白阳性率、尿糖阳性率分别为58.06%、82.26%,两者结果不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在糖尿病临床诊断中采取实施尿糖和尿微量白蛋白联合检验,可提高其早期肾损伤的诊断准确率,在临床中具有良好的应用价值。

关键词： 组织文化   员工导向   结果导向   组织承诺   职业成长  

摘要： 以组织文化为自变量,组织承诺为因变量,员工职业成长为中介变量,讨论组织文化对组织承诺的影响机制。通过对385份有效样本进行统计分析,得出结论:员工导向文化正向影响组织承诺,结果导向文化负向影响组织承诺;员工导向文化正向影响职业成长,结果文化导向负向影响职业成长;职业成长在组织文化对组织承诺的影响中起不完全中介作用,职业成长的子维度在组织文化和组织承诺子维度间的中介作用存在影响差异。

关键词： 临床医学检验   第三方检验机构   独立实验室   检验机构服务模式  

摘要： 第三方医学检验机构进入国内数十年,随着医改的深入及市场竞争体制的不断完善,已经成为检验医学的一个重要组成部分。作者从国内外第三方医学检验机构的产生背景出发,结合特有国情,探讨其现有的服务模式及市场作用,并对未来发展的机遇和挑战作出了相应分析。

关键词： 渔船检验   执法监督   事故发生   渔船安全   基础   安全隐患   安全管理   安全技术  

摘要： 开展全国渔船检验执法监督三大行动，旨在摸清全国渔船家底，消除安全隐患，解决渔船安全管理中多年存在的突出问题，提升我国渔船安全技术水平。

关键词： 生化检验   肾上腺皮质疾病   临床价值  

摘要： 肾上腺皮质病症是临床常见疾病,主要是由于肾上腺糖皮质激素分泌过多而引发的。在临床诊断中,对于肾上腺皮质类疾病常采用生化检验的方法进行诊断。文章通过临床随机病例试验的方法,对生化检验在肾上腺皮质疾病诊断中运用的临床价值进行分析验证,进而探讨生化检验在肾上腺皮质疾病诊断中的临床价值。

关键词： BRCA1   Breast cancer   Classification   Copy number aberration profiles   COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION   BREAST-CANCER   ARRAY-CGH   CARCINOMAS   CHEMOTHERAPY   DEFICIENCY   TUMORS   GENES  

摘要： Breast cancers with BRCA1 germline mutation have a characteristic DNA copy number (CN) pattern. We developed a test that assigns CN profiles to be 'BRCA1-like' or 'non-BRCA1-like', which refers to resembling a BRCA1-mutated tumor or resembling a tumor without a BRCA1 mutation, respectively. Approximately one third of the BRCA1-like breast cancers have a BRCA1 mutation, one third has hypermethylation of the BRCA1 promoter and one third has an unknown reason for being BRCA1-like. This classification is indicative of patients' response to high dose alkylating and platinum containing chemotherapy regimens, which targets the inability of BRCA1 deficient cells to repair DNA double strand breaks. We investigated whether this classification can be reliably obtained with next generation sequencing and copy number platforms other than the bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) on which it was originally developed. We investigated samples from 230 breast cancer patients for which a CN profile had been generated on two to five platforms, comprising low coverage CN sequencing, CN extraction from targeted sequencing panels (CopywriteR), Affymetrix SNP6.0, 135K/720K oligonucleotide aCGH, Affymetrix Oncoscan FFPE (MIP) technology, 3K BAC and 32K BAC aCGH. Pairwise comparison of genomic position-mapped profiles from the original aCGH platform and other platforms revealed concordance. For most cases, biological differences between samples exceeded the differences between platforms within one sample. We observed the same classification across different platforms in over 80% of the patients and kappa values of at least 0.36. Differential classification could be attributed to CN profiles that were not strongly associated to one class. In conclusion, we have shown that the genomic regions that define our BRCA1-like classifier are robustly measured by different CN profiling technologies, providing the possibility to retro- and prospectively in

关键词： experts   hypothesis testing   Chernoff-Stein lemma   Neyman-Pearson lemma   naive Bayes   measure concentration   THEOREM  

摘要： We revisit, from a statistical learning perspective, the classical decision-theoretic problem of weighted expert voting. In particular, we examine the consistency (both asymptotic and finitary) of the optimal Naive Bayes weighted majority and related rules. In the case of known expert competence levels, we give sharp error estimates for the optimal rule. We derive optimality results for our estimates and also establish some structural characterizations. When the competence levels are unknown, they must be empirically estimated. We provide frequentist and Bayesian analyses for this situation. Some of our proof techniques are non-standard and may be of independent interest. Several challenging open problems are posed, and experimental results are provided to illustrate the theory.

关键词： Mobile explosive identification   Homemade explosives   IED   Primary explosives   Propellants   TNT   GAS SENSORS   TRACE DETECTION   IDENTIFICATION   SPECTROSCOPY   DETECTORS  

摘要： To test explosive properties of substances, the strong exothermal reaction of an explosive after ignition can be used. Monitoring the emitted visible or infrared radiation by photodiodes and the change in pressure by a transducer in a closed system offers a low cost and mobile explosive identification device. The explosives investigated were hexamethylene triperoxide diamine, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, ammonium gelignite, ammonium nitrate fuel oil, cyclotrimethylene trinitramine, cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine, black powder, nitrocellulose, trinitrophenylmethylnitramine, gun propellant, triacetone triperoxide and trinitrotoluene. It has been shown, that the fast thermal activation of single-digit mg samples yields reproducible results for primary explosives, propellants, and trinitrotoluene. An analysis of the volatile reaction products with commercial semi-conductor gas sensors enables a differentiation between nitrate- and peroxide-based explosives and non-explosives. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.