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关键词： 医学检验技术   技能竞赛   实践教学  

摘要： 医学检验技术是通过运用各种实验方法,为疾病诊断提供诊断依据的一个临床辅助诊断专业。该专业课程实践操作内容繁杂,手工操作多,为了更好地推进医学检验技术专业课程的实践教学,提高学生对实践学习的积极性,增强学生的实践操作能力,在学院的帮助下,举办高职学生的职业技能竞赛,并对技能竞赛做经验总结,同时就此竞赛对医学检验技术专业课程实践教学的作用进行探讨。

关键词： 尿常规检验   干化学法   尿沉渣法   临床作用  

摘要： 目的探析尿常规检验中联合应用干化学法与尿沉渣法的临床作用。方法选择陕西省安康职业技术医学院2016年7月—2018年1月期间接受尿常规检验的240例患者为研究对象,依照随机抽签法分为3组,即甲组、乙组、丙组,各组患者80例。甲组患者给予干化学法进行尿常规检验,乙组患者给予尿沉渣法进行尿常规检验,丙组患者给予干化学法与尿沉渣法联合检验尿常规,统计比较3组患者定量白细胞阳性率、定量红细胞阳性率、误诊率、漏诊率及总错误率。结果甲组患者定量白细胞阳性率、定量红细胞阳性率分别为8.75%、13.75%,乙组患者定量白细胞阳性率、定量红细胞阳性率分别为21.25%、3.75%,丙组患者定量白细胞阳性率、定量红细胞阳性率分别为36.25%、26.25%,甲组定量白细胞阳性率显著低于乙组、丙组(χ~2=4.901 9、17.347 6,P=0.026 8、0.000 0),定量红细胞阳性率显著高于乙组(χ~2=5.009 7,P=0.025 2),低于丙组(χ~2=3.906 2,P=0.048 1),丙组定量白细胞阳性率、定量红细胞阳性率均显著高于甲组、乙组(χ~2=4.393 5、15.882 3,P=0.036 0、0.000 0)。甲组患者误诊率、漏诊率、总错误率分别为10.00%、5.00%、15.00%,乙组患者误诊率、漏诊率、总错误率分别为8.75%、5.00%、13.75%,丙组患者误诊率、漏诊率、总错误率分别为1.25%、0.00%、1.25%,甲组、乙组比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.073 5、0.000 0、0.050 7,P=0.786 2、1.000 0、0.821 7);丙组显著低于甲组(χ~2=5.768 9、4.102 5、10.130 8,P=0.016 3、0.042 8、0.001 4)、乙组(χ~2=4.736 8、4.102 5、9.009 0,P=0.029 5、0.042 8、0.002 6)。结论在尿常规检验中,干化学法与尿沉渣法各具优势,但为了进一步提高检验结果准确率,应联合应用干化学法与尿沉渣法,以此为临床诊治提供更加可靠的参考。

关键词： 血清降钙素原   妇产科感染性疾病   治疗   参考作用  

摘要： 目的:研讨妇产科感染性疾病治疗期间检测血清降钙素原(PCT)水平的参考作用。方法:择取2016年11月-2018年3月我院妇产科接诊的85例感染性疾病患者为疾病组,再选取同期入院体检的80例健康妇女为参照组,分别检测其血清降钙素原水平,并对指标结果进行比较评估。结果:疾病组患者治疗前、后血清PCT水平都显著高于参照组(P<0.05),且治疗后疾病组患者血清PCT水平显著低于治疗前(P<0.05)。在85例患者中,51例为细菌感染,34例为真菌感染;细菌感染组血清PCT水平≥0.5ng/mL和≥0.25ng/mL者的占比率显著高于真菌感染组(P<0.05);且细菌感染患者中血清PCT水平≥0.25ng/mL者的占比率显著高于≥0.50ng/mL者(P<0.05)。结论:血清PCT检验用于妇产科感染性疾病的治疗过程中,能实时反馈患者感染病情的严重程度,有助于正确鉴别不同感染的性质、类型,对合理制定临床治疗方案有显著参考价值。

关键词： BREATHY VOCAL QUALITY   EXTERNAL VALIDATION   SEVERITY   INDEX  

关键词： Change-point   change-point regression   broken-stick   sample size   classification   cognitive decline   simulation study   Mini-Mental State Examination   LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION   CHAIN MONTE-CARLO   VARIABLE SELECTION   CLINICAL-TRIALS   SIMULATION   TESTS   STATISTICS   INFERENCE   DECLINE   DISEASE  

摘要： Many medical (and ecological) processes involve the change of shape, whereby one trajectory changes into another trajectory at a specific time point. There has been little investigation into the study design needed to investigate these models. We consider the class of fixed effect change-point models with an underlying shape comprised two joined linear segments, also known as broken-stick models. We extend this model to include two sub-groups with different trajectories at the change-point, a change and no change class, and also include a missingness model to account for individuals with incomplete follow-up. Through a simulation study, we consider the relationship of sample size to the estimates of the underlying shape, the existence of a change-point, and the classification-error of sub-group labels. We use a Bayesian framework to account for the missing labels, and the analysis of each simulation is performed using standard Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques. Our simulation study is inspired by cognitive decline as measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination, where our extended model is appropriate due to the commonly observed mixture of individuals within studies who do or do not exhibit accelerated decline. We find that even for studies of modest size (n=500, with 50 individuals observed past the change-point) in the fixed effect setting, a change-point can be detected and reliably estimated across a range of observation-errors.

关键词： Two-dimensional experiments   Explosion   Sand hill   Blast wave   Mitigation   SHOCK   DYNAMICS  

摘要： Two-dimensional explosion experiments were conducted to discuss the interaction between a blast wave and sand and show the mitigation effect of the sand on the blast wave. The explosive used was a detonating cord 1.0 m in length, which was initiated in a sand hill shaped like a triangular prism and whose cross section was an isosceles triangle with base angles of 30. Sand-hill heights of 30 and 60 mm were used as parameters to discuss the effect of sand mass upon blast-wave strength. The interaction of the blast wave with the sand/air interface causes multiple peaks in the blast wave, which are induced by successive transmissions at the interface. The increase in the sand mass further mitigates the blast parameters of peak overpressure and positive impulse. The results of this experiment can be utilized to validate the numerical method of solving the problem of interaction between a compressible fluid and a particle layer.

关键词： APOE4 phenotyping   apolipoprotein E4   biochip   blood test   cardiovascular disease   dementia   genetic risk factor   late-onset Alzheimer's disease   multiarray   neurodegeneration   APOLIPOPROTEIN-E   ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE   CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE   TYPE-4 ALLELE   RISK   IDENTIFICATION   FREQUENCY   GENOTYPE  

摘要： Background: Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a key player in lipid transport and metabolism and exists in three common isoforms: APOE2, APOE3 and APOE4. The presence of the E4 allelic variant is recognized as a major genetic risk factor for dementia and other chronic (neuro) degenerative diseases. The availability of a validated assay for rapid and reliable APOE4 classification is therefore advantageous. Methods: Biochip array technology (BAT) was successfully applied to identify directly the APOE4 status from plasma within 3 h, through simultaneous immunoassay-based detection of both specific APOE4 and total APOE levels. Results: Samples (n = 432) were first genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and thereafter, using BAT, the corresponding plasma was identified as null, heterozygous or homozygous for the E4 allele by calculating the ratio of APOE4 to total APOE protein. Two centers based in Austria and Ireland correctly classified 170 and 262 samples, respectively, and achieved 100% sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions: This chemiluminescent biochip-based sandwich immunoarray provides a novel platform to detect rapidly and accurately an individual's APOE4 status directly from plasma. The E4 genotype of individuals has been shown previously to affect presymptomatic risk, prognosis and treatment response for a variety of diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. The biochip's potential for being incorporated in quantitative protein biomarker arrays capable of analyzing disease stages makes it a superior alternative to PCR-based APOE genotyping and may deliver additional protein-specific information on a variety of diseases in the future.

关键词： DETECTION EFFICIENCY   AERODYNAMIC LENSES   ORGANIC AEROSOLS   CLUSTER-ANALYSIS   PHASE   INSTRUMENT   DEPLOYMENT   SPLAT   DUST   SITE  

摘要： The laser ablation aerosol particle time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LAAPTOF, AeroMegt GmbH) is able to identify the chemical composition and mixing state of individual aerosol particles, and thus is a tool for elucidating their impacts on human health, visibility, ecosystem, and climate. The overall detection efficiency (ODE) of the instrument we use was determined to range from similar to (0.01 +/- 0.01) to similar to (4.23 +/- 2.36)% for polystyrene latex (PSL) in the size range of 200 to 2000 nm, similar to (0.44 +/- 0.19) to similar to (6.57 +/- 2.38)% for ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and similar to (0.14 +/- 0.02) to similar to (1.46 +/- 0.08)% for sodium chloride (NaCl) particles in the size range of 300 to 1000 nm. Reference mass spectra of 32 different particle types relevant for atmospheric aerosol (e.g. pure compounds NH4NO3, K2SO4, NaCl, oxalic acid, pinic acid, and pinonic acid; internal mixtures of e. g. salts, secondary organic aerosol, and metallic core-organic shell particles; more complex particles such as soot and dust particles) were determined. Our results show that internally mixed aerosol particles can result in spectra with new clusters of ions, rather than simply a combination of the spectra from the single components. An exemplary 1-day ambient data set was analysed by both classical fuzzy clustering and a reference-spectra-based classification method. Resulting identified particle types were generally well correlated. We show how a combination of both methods can greatly improve the interpretation of single-particle data in field measurements.