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关键词： 违约金   利息   竞合   合同约定   经济损失   实际损失   司法解释   当事人  

摘要： 【裁判要旨】当事人以合同约定为由同时主张违约金、利息以弥补经济损失，有合同依据和事实依据，但两者之和过分高于实际损失的，应予以调整，以体现合同法及司法解释关于补偿为主、惩罚为辅的原则。

关键词： 尿糖   尿微量白蛋白   糖尿病早期肾损伤  

摘要： 目的研究在糖尿病早期肾损伤诊断中采取尿糖联合尿微量白蛋白检测的临床价值。方法该次样本为2014年9—至2017年9月期间该院参与收治的20例糖尿病早期肾损伤患者,作为实验组,选取同期纳入分析的20例健康体检人员作为参照组,比对两组数据分析差异。结果实验组糖尿病早期肾损伤患者尿糖阳性率、尿微量白蛋白阳性率、尿糖水平、尿微量白蛋白水平与参照组对比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论将尿糖联合尿微量白蛋白检测应用在糖尿病早期肾损伤诊断中具有显著诊断价值,值得广泛推广应用。

关键词： hyperspectral image classification   deep learning   residual networks   co-training   sample selection  

摘要： This paper studies the classification problem of hyperspectral image (HSI). Inspired by the great success of deep neural networks in Artificial Intelligence (Al), researchers have proposed different deep learning based algorithms to improve the performance of hyperspectral classification. However, deep learning based algorithms always require a large-scale annotated dataset to provide sufficient training. To address this problem, we propose a semi-supervised deep learning framework based on the residual networks (ResNets), which use very limited labeled data supplemented by abundant unlabeled data. The core of our framework is a novel dual-strategy sample selection co-training algorithm, which can successfully guide ResNets to learn from the unlabeled data by making full use of the complementary cues of the spectral and spatial features in HSI classification. Experiments on the benchmark HSI dataset and real HSI dataset demonstrate that, with a small number of training data, our approach achieves competitive performance with maximum improvement of 41% (compare with traditional convolutional neural network (CNN) with 5 initial training samples per class on Indian Pines dataset) for HSI classification as compared with the results from those state-of-the-art supervised and semi-supervised methods.

关键词： PROCEDURAL justice   CRIMINAL justice administration   MISCONDUCT in office   COMPLIANCE  

摘要： Tom Tyler's Procedural Justice Theory has received support in a variety of studies using criminal justice authorities as the research focus. To date, the theory has not been empirically tested using corporate malfeasance as an outcome, despite evidence that procedural justice is important in achieving regulatory compliance. This study uses factorial survey methods to examine whether corporate behavior is predicted by professionals' perceptions of procedural justice and legal legitimacy. We find that procedural justice and legitimacy considerations are salient only when managers have direct contact with regulatory authorities. This supports John Braithwaite's argument that effective regulation is enhanced by microlevel interactions in which procedural justice can be effectively leveraged to promote compliance.

关键词： Pararhizobium haloflavum   Soil samples   Sewage treatment tank   Taxonomy  

摘要： A Gram-stain negative, aerobic, motile and ovoid- to rod-shaped bacteria strain, designated XC0140(T), was isolated from soil samples near the sewage treatment tank of a chemical factory in Zhejiang Province, China, and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic investigation. Strain XC0140(T) grew at 10-37 A degrees C and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, 35 A degrees C and pH 7.5) and with 0-17% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1%). According to phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain XC0140(T) was assigned to the genus Pararhizobium with high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 95.97% to "Pararhizobium helanshanense CCNWQTX14(T"), followed by Pararhizobium sphaerophysae CCNWGS0238(T) (95.95%). Chemotaxonomic analysis showed that strain XC0140(T) contains ubiquinone-10 as the predominant respiratory quinone and possessed summed feature 8 (comprising C-18: 1 omega 7c and/or omega 6c), 11-methyl C-18:1 omega 7c, C-18: 0 and C-16: 0 as predominant forms of fatty acids. The polar lipids of strain XC0140(T) consisted of seven phospholipids (PL), two aminolipids (AL), one glycolipid (GL) and three unidentified lipids (L1, L2 and L3). The DNA G+C content was 62.7 mol%. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic characterization, strain XC0140(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pararhizobium, for which the name Pararhizobium haloflavum sp. nov. is proposed. (type strain XC0140(T) = MCCC 1K03228(T) = KCTC 52582(T)).

关键词： Multi-terminal DC (MTDC) network   VSC control   sub-synchronous oscillations (SSOs)   sub-synchronous interactions (SSIs)  

摘要： This paper proposes a method of open-loop modal analysis to examine the subsynchronous interactions (SSIs) introduced by the converter control in an ac power system integrated with a multiterminal dc network. A control loop of the voltage source converters (VSCs) is selected to derive a closed-loop interconnected model, wherein the selected control loop and the rest of the power system are modeled as two interconnected open-loop subsystems. The analysis in this paper indicates that under the condition of open-loop modal proximity, strong SSIs may be introduced by the selected VSC control loop. It is very likely that the strong SSIs may degrade the damping of power system sub synchronous oscillations (SSOs). It is proposed that the damping degradation be estimated by calculating the open-loop SSO residues. Hence, the modal analysis for the open-loop subsystems can identify the open-loop modal proximity and estimate the degree of stability degradation under the condition of open-loop modal proximity. In addition, the VSC control loops and the synchronous generators contributing to the stability degradation can be identified. The application of the proposed method of open-loop modal analysis is demonstrated through example power systems in this paper.

关键词： Games   Instructional quality   Mathematical interactions   Mathematics   Student thinking  

摘要： This study explored the design and implementation of the Cover-up and Un-cover games, two manipulative-based fraction games, in 14 fifth-grade classrooms. We examined how the fraction concepts were integrated into the game design and explored the nature of teacher-student interactions during games using lesson videos. Our examination showed that interactions focused on game progress, rules, and turn taking with little exploration of strategies or the underlying mathematics. To compare the quality of teacher-student interactions during games with interaction quality during other instructional activities, we coded 5 videotaped lessons from each of the 14 classrooms. Statistical results from a dependent t test indicated that teacher-student interactions were of statistically significant lower quality during games than during non-game segments with similar instructional purpose. Teachers might benefit from additional curriculum support and training to implement games as rich mathematical learning opportunities.

关键词： Hyperspectral image (HSI)   Classification   Low-rank   Tensor learning   Limited labeled samples  

摘要： Previous studies have demonstrated that integrating spatial information can potentially provide significant improvements for classification of hyperspectral image (HSI). However, it remains a challenging task to classify the high-dimensional HSI with limited number of training samples. In this paper, we propose a spectral-spatial classification framework based on low-rank tensor learning (lrTL). Unlike the traditional vector/matrix-based methods, the proposed lrTL method aims at improving the classification performance by naturally treating the HSI as a third-order tensor under the umbrella of multilinear algebra. First, small local patches containing the training (or test) samples are extracted from the original HSI cube by superpixel segmentation to preserve the structural information. Second, the lrTL algorithm is proposed to present the local patch of each test sample as a linear combination of all of the training patches. Low rank constraint is enforced on the parameter tensor to capture the global structure of the HSI. Finally, the class label of the test sample can be determined by the minimal residual between the local patch containing the test sample and its approximation from different class subdictionaries. Experimental results on three benchmark HSI datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the lrTL in improving the classification performance especially with limited training samples. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bipolar disorder   microRNA   Redox modulation   Data mining   Oxidative stress   Mitochondria  

摘要： The etiology of redox (reduction and oxidation) alterations in bipolar disorder (BD) is largely unknown. To explore whether microRNAs targeting redox enzymes may have a role in BD, we examined 3 frontal cortex microRNA expression datasets (Perkins [2007], Vladimirov [2009], and Miller [2009];N for BD = 30-36 per dataset, N for controls = 28-34 per dataset) from the Stanley Neuropathology Consortium. Each dataset was analyzed separately because they were generated using different high-throughput platforms. Following the selection of only redox modulator-targeting microRNAs, microRNAs in the top 10th percentile in feature selection could together discriminate BD and controls at a greater frequency than expected by chance in classification analysis. In pathway enrichment analysis of all three datasets, these classifying microRNAs targeted the cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process pathway, which includes redox enzymes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and the glutathione system. To see if this pathway would still emerge as significant if all microRNAs (not just redox-targeting) were analyzed, all analyses were repeated with the complete set of microRNAs. Cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process pathway was enriched in all 3 datasets in this analysis as well, demonstrating that preselection of redox microRNAs was not a requirement to identify this pathway for the discrimination of BD and controls. While preliminary, our findings suggest that microRNAs that target redox enzymes in this pathway may be good candidates for the exploration of causative factors contributing to redox alterations in BD. Future studies validating these findings in a separate set of central and peripheral samples are warranted.