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关键词： Casearia sylvestris   Inflammation   Skin conditions   HYDROALCOHOLIC CRUDE EXTRACT   NITRIC-OXIDE   AQUEOUS EXTRACT   PLANT-EXTRACTS   ESSENTIAL OIL   SNAKE-VENOM   NEUTRALIZATION   PARTICIPATION   ACTIVATION   ANTIULCER  

摘要： Ethnopharmacological relevance: Inflammatory skin diseases presents high prevalence and lack of alternatives that can be used for self-care by the population. Casearia sylvestris is a plant used topically in different communities in Brazil, to treat wounds or promote cutaneous healing. To evaluate the topical anti-inflammatory activity for the crude hydroalcoholic extract of Casearia sylvestris (HCE-CS) in the models of single or multiple administration of chroton oil to induce ear edema in mice. Materials and methods: Experimental study using male Swiss mice (25-35g) kept under constant conditions in the Laboratory of Experimental Neuroscience (LaNEx)-UNISUL. Edema was induced in both models, respectively, by the single or multiple application of croton oil (CO, 2.5%, in 20 mu l) on the external surface of the ear. The different groups of animals (n = 8) received different treatments: vehicle, dexamethasone (DEXA) or different doses of HCE-CS. Edema was evaluated macroscopically for 6 h (early edema) or 8 days (late edema) after the first application of the CO and immediately after the animals were submitted to euthanasia for the collection of the samples (treated ears). For early edema, the tissue was biochemically evaluated for myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and levels of nitrite/nitrate. In the late edema model, the ears were histologically evaluated for general morphometry, degranulated and non-degranulated mast cells, as well as acanthosis. Results: Topic treatment with HCE-CS significantly reduced the early and late edema, as well as MPO activity and tissue levels of nitrite/nitrate. Finally, in the late edema model there was a lower density of degranulated mast cells in relation to the vehicle treated group and decreased thickness of the epidermis (acanthosis). Conclusion: These results suggest a possible benefit of topical treatment with HCE-CS in inflammatory conditions of the skin.

关键词： Antioxidant mechanisms   Glutathione   Oxidative stress   Proline   Rice   Submergence stress   EXOGENOUS GLUTATHIONE   ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE   OXIDATIVE STRESS   WATERLOGGING STRESS   SALINITY STRESS   ACID   CULTIVARS   PLANTS   L.   DETOXIFICATION  

摘要： Complete submergence (Sub) imposes detrimental effects on growth and survival of crop plants, including rice. Here, we investigated the beneficial effects of reduced glutathione (GSH) in mitigating Sub-induced adverse effects in two high-yielding rice cultivars BRRI dhan29 and dhan52. Both cultivars experienced growth defects, severe yellowing, necrosis and chlorosis, when they were completely immersed in water for 14 days. The poor growth performance of these cultivars was linked to biomass reduction, decreased levels of photosynthetic pigments and proline, increased levels of H2O2 and malondialdehyde, and declined activities of enzymatic antioxidants like superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase. Pretreatment with exogenous GSH led to significant growth restoration in both cultivars exposed to Sub. The elevated Sub-tolerance promoted by GSH could partly be attributed to increased levels of chlorophylls, carotenoids, soluble proteins and proline. Exogenous GSH also mitigated Sub-induced oxidative damage, as evidenced from reduced levels of H2O2 and malondialdehyde in accordance with the increased activities of antioxidant enzymes. Results revealed that dhan52 was more tolerant to Sub-stress than dhan29, and GSH successfully rescued both cultivars from the damage of Sub-stress. Collectively, our findings provided an insight into the GSH-mediated active recovery of rice from Sub-stress, thereby suggesting that external supply of GSH may be an effective strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of Sub in rice.

关键词： Genotype   Methylmalonic acidemia   MMUT gene   Mutation   Newborn screening   Tandem mass spectrometry  

摘要： Background: Methylmalonic acidemia is an inherited organic acid metabolic disease. It involves multiple physiological systems and has variable manifestations. The primary causative gene MMUT carries wide range of mutations, and one of them, c.1663G > A (p.A555T), is considered to be a rare type, which is seen more frequently in Asian than other populations. So far, little is known about the clinical features of patients carrying this mutation. In the present study, we aimed to define the clinical and biochemical features of the patients with this genotype. Methods: Among 328 mut type methylmalonic acidemia patients from multiple hospitals in China, we collected 30 compound heterozygous patients sharing the mutation c.1663G > A (p.A555T) in the MMUT gene. Their clinical characteristics and biochemical index were described in detail and compared with methylmalonic acidemia patients without this variant. Results: Most of these patients were diagnosed via newborn screening (26/30), treated in a timely manner, and kept healthy (24/30). Disease onset occurred in 7 patients. Developmental delay or intellectual impairment occurred in 4 patients. 100% of these patients (29/29) were responsive to Vitamin B12 administration. The blood propionylcarnitine, blood propionylcarnitine/acetylcarnitine ratio, urinary methylmalonic acid, urinary methylcitric acid before and after treatment in c.1663G > A (p.A555T) carrying patients were much lower than those in non-c.1663G > A (p.A555T) carrying patients. Conclusion: Compared to patients with other mutations in the MMUT gene, patients with the c.1663G > A (p.A555T) mutation showed later onset, milder clinical phenotype, lighter biochemical abnormalities, better vitamin B12 responsiveness, lower morbidity, easier metabolic control, and thereby better prognosis. Newborn screening project plays an important role in early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of these patients.

关键词： Glycosylation   Congenital disorders of glycosylation   Serum transferrin isoforms   Follow-up  

摘要： Background: Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) result from defects in the synthesis of glycans and the attachment of glycans to proteins and lipids. Our study aimed to describe the clinical, biochemical, and molecular findings of CDG patients, and to present the long-term follow-up. Material and methods: A single-center study (1995-2019 years) of patients with congenital disorders of N-glycosylation and combined N- and O-hypoglycosylation was performed. Results: Among 32 patients included into the study, there were 12 PMM2-CDG, 3 ALG13-CDG, 3 ALG1-CDG, 1 ALG3-CDG, 3 MPI-CDG, 1 PGM1-CDG, 4 SRD5A3-CDG, 1 DPAGT1-CDG, 3 ATP6AP1-CDG, 1 ATP6V0A2-CDG. The phenotypic and genotypic spectrum during long-term (in some cases over 20 years) observation was characterised and several measurements of serum Tf isoforms taken. Statistical analysis revealed strong negative correlation between asialo-Tf and tetrasialo-Tf, as well as between disialo-Tf and tetrasialo-Tf. Within CDG type I, no difference in % Tf isoforms was revealed between PMM2-CDG and non-PMM2-CDG patients. However, these two groups differed significantly in such diagnostic features as: cerebellar ataxia, failure to thrive, hypothyroidism, pericardial effusion, cardiomyopathy, inverted nipples, prolonged INR. The effect of treatment with mannose in 2 patients with MPI-CDG was assessed and we found that % of asialo-Tf, monosialo-Tf, and disialo-Tf was significantly lowered, whereas tetrasialo-Tf and pentasialo-Tf rose, coming closer or falling into the reference range. Conclusions: The novel finding was an abnormal Tf IEF pattern in two ALG13-CDG patients and normal in one ALG1-CDG patient. Clinical manifestation of presented CDG patients was similar to that reported in the literature. Mannose supplementation in MPI-CDG patients, as well as galactose supplementation in PGM1-CDG patient, improved patients' clinical picture and Tf isoform profiles.

关键词： Metabolic engineering: chimeric protein   Oleaginous yeast   CBH I   Consolidated bioprocessing   Cellobiohydrolase   Cel7A  

摘要： Consolidated bioprocessing using oleaginous yeast is a promising modality for the economic conversion of plant biomass to fuels and chemicals. However, yeast are not known to produce effective biomass degrading enzymes naturally and this trait is essential for efficient consolidated bioprocessing. We expressed a chimeric cellobiohydrolase I gene in three different oleaginous, industrially relevant yeast: Yarrowia lipolytica, Lipomyces starkeyi, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to study the biochemical and catalytic properties and biomass deconstruction potential of these recombinant enzymes. Our results showed differences in glycosylation, surface charge, thermal and proteolytic stability, and efficacy of biomass digestion. L. starkeyi was shown to be an inferior active cellulase producer compared to both the Y. lipolytica and S. cerevisiae enzymes, whereas the cellulase expressed in S. cerevisiae displayed the lowest activity against dilute-acid-pretreated corn stover. Comparatively, the chimeric cellobiohydrolase I enzyme expressed in Y. lipolytica was found to have a lower extent of glycosylation, better protease stability, and higher activity against dilute-acid-pretreated corn stover.

关键词： Heavy metals removal   Anaerobic granular sludge   Anaerobic methanation process   Swine wastewater   GRANULAR SLUDGE   ADSORPTION   METALS   BIOSORPTION   BACTERIA   REACTORS   CADMIUM   BINDING   CU2+  

摘要： Copper and zinc are often used as feed additives and frequently detected in swine wastewater. Anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS) plays an important role in high-rate anaerobic methanation biotechnologies which are widely applied to treat swine wastewater. The removal of Cu2+ and Zn2+ by AnGS was investigated in the batch and continuous systems. The results of batch experiments showed the adsorption by AnGS could be a significant method for Cu2+ and Zn2+ removal with efficiencies of 99 % and 49 % respectively. The sulfide precipitation mediated by AnGS could be another significant pathway for Zn2+ removal with efficiency of 18-27 % in Protein/M2+ experiments and 16-46 % in SO42+/M2+ experiments (M2+ represents the total concentration of Cu2+ and Zn2+. The results of continuous experiment showed, with SO42+/M2+ larger than 1.5, the influent Cu2+ and Zn2+ could be effectively removed in an anaerobic methanation bioreactor and its effluent Cu2+ and Zn(2+)concentrations were below 1 mg/L and 2 mg/L separately. The main removal mechanism of Cu2+ and Zn2+ in the anaerobic methanation system was that the biological production of sulfide from sulfate was followed by chemical precipitation and reduction. It is helpful for the removal of Cu2+ and Zn2+ with organic pollutants simultaneously to eliminate environmental risk of swine wastewater.

关键词： Arsenic   Glutathione   Halophyte   Osmolytes   Phytochelatin   Phytoremediation   Salinity   Salvadora persica   Thiol metabolism   Tolerance index   OXIDATIVE STRESS   ANTIOXIDATIVE ENZYMES   LIPID-PEROXIDATION   HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE   SUAEDA-FRUTICOSA   SALICYLIC-ACID   RICE SEEDLINGS   NITRIC-OXIDE   SALT STRESS   TOLERANCE  

摘要： Heavy metal(loid)s contamination in soil is a major environmental concern that limits agricultural yield and threatens human health worldwide. Arsenic (As) is the most toxic non-essential metalloid found in soil which comes from various natural as well as human activities. S. persica is a facultative halophyte found abundantly in dry, semiarid and saline areas. In the present study, growth, mineral nutrient homeostasis, MDA content, phytochelatin levels, and ROS-scavenging attributes were examined in S. persica imposed to solitary treatments of salinity (250 mM and 750 mM NaCl), solitary treatments of arsenic (200 mu M and 600 mu M As), and combined treatments of As with 250 mM NaCl with an aim to elucidate salinity and As tolerance mechanisms. The results demonstrated that S. persica plants sustained under high levels of As (600 mu M As) as well as NaC1 (750 mM). The activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were either elevated or unaffected under salt or As stress. However, ascorbate peroxidase activity declined under both solitary and combination of As with NaCl. Furthermore, the cellular redox status measured in terms of reduced ascorbate/dehydroascorbate, and reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratios also either increased or remained unaffected in seedlings treated with both solitary and combined treatments of As + NaCl. Significant accumulation of various oxidative stress indicators (H2O2 and O-2(center dot-)) were observed under high As stress condition. However, presence of salt with high As significantly reduced the levels of ROS. Furthermore, exogenous salt improved As tolerance index (Ti) under high As stress condition. The values of translocation factor (Tf) and As bioaccumulation factor (BF) were > 1 in all the treatments. From this study, it can be concluded that the facultative halophyte S. persica is a potential As accumulator and may find application for phytoextraction of arsenic-contaminated saline so

关键词： boron neutron capture therapy   cancer therapeutics   carbohydrates   drug delivery   glucose transporters   medicinal chemistry   NEUTRON-CAPTURE THERAPY   GLUCOSE TRANSPORTERS   CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE   NECK-CANCER   BASIS-SETS   BORON   HEAD   GLYCOSIDES   DERIVATIVES   CHEMISTRY  

摘要： Boron neutron capture therapy ( BNCT) is a noninvasive binary therapeutic modality applicable to the treatment of cancers. While BNCT offers a tumor-targeting selectivity that is difficult to match by other means, the last obstacles preventing the full harness of this potential come in the form of the suboptimal boron delivery strategies presently used in the clinics. To address these challenges, we have developed delivery agents that target the glucose transporter GLUT1. Here, we present the chemical synthesis of a number of ortho-carboranylmethyl-substituted glucoconjugates and the biological assessment of all positional isomers. Altogether, the study provides protocols for the synthesis and structural characterization of such glucoconjugates and insights into their essential properties, for example, cytotoxicity, GLUT1-affinity, metabolism, and boron delivery capacity. In addition to solidifying the biochemical foundations of a successful GLUT1-targeting approach to BNCT, we identify the most promising modification sites in D-glucose, which are critical in order to further develop this strategy toward clinical use.

关键词： A/Ci curves   Gas exchange   Nursery management   Phosphorus partitioning   Sustainability   NEW-GUINEA IMPATIENS   CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE   NUTRIENT CONTENT   GROWTH-RESPONSE   PINE BARK   NUTRITION   DEFICIENCY   PHOSPHATE   CO2   EUTROPHICATION  

摘要： Ornamental nursery producers grow a variety of plant taxa in soil-less substrates and rely on frequent water and nutrient applications to maximize plant growth and quality. This study was performed to understand the morpho-physiological basis of plant response to phosphorus (P) additions and to identify the optimum P concentration required for three common woody ornamental taxa: Hydrangea quercifolia 'Queen of Hearts', Cornus obliqua 'Powell Gardens' and Physocarpus opuhfolius 'Seward'. In a greenhouse experiment, all plants were watered with a complete nutrient solution that varied in P concentration (0, 0.7, 1.3, 2.5, 3.7, 6.5 mg L-1). Optimum P concentration for photosynthetic biochemistry was dependent on taxa and ranged between 2.5 and 3.7 mg L-1. For total dry biomass, the optimum P concentration was approximately 4.0 mg L-1 for all three taxa. Phosphorus concentration below 2.5 mg L-1 reduced leaf size and resulted in greater partitioning of biomass and P to root growth. Analysis of responses of photosynthesis to intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (A/Ci curves) indicated a continuous increase in photosynthetic parameters to increasing P concentration. Rate of rubisco for carboxylation (V-cmax), RuBP regeneration rate (J), and the rate of triose phosphate use (TPU) limited photosynthesis in P-deficient plants for all three taxa. Light-harvesting efficiency (Fv'/Fm') for all three taxa was less sensitive to P addition than photosynthetic biochemistry or plant growth. The optimal P concentrations identified in this study are lower than common recommendations and less than the amounts provided by typical commercial fertilizers. Thus, for these three taxa, application of P above 4 mg L-1 in combination with excess irrigation resulting in leachate could have negative environmental consequences without improving crop growth or physiology.

关键词： Broccoli   Brassica oleraceae L. var. italica   biomodulators   deficit-irrigation   growth   yield   shelf-life   SALICYLIC-ACID   HUMIC SUBSTANCES   OXIDATIVE DAMAGE   PLANTS   SENESCENCE   FRUIT   TEMPERATURE   IRRIGATION   TOLERANCE   RESPONSES  

摘要： The present study was conducted to assess the effect of certain biomodulators (BMs) on growth, yield, and storability as well as on bioactive constituents either before or after storage of deficit-irrigated broccoli. The tested BMs were yeast extract (YE), moringa leaves extract (MLE), salicylic acid (SA) and humic acid (HA). Deficit irrigation (DI) was achieved by extending the duration between subsequent irrigations from five days (control) to either ten (IR10) or 15 days ORM. Results indicated that all applied BMs alleviated DI effects on growth and yield. Post-harvest decline in quality was delayed by DI as biomass loss percentage (BLP %) and post-harvest decay percentage (PHD %) were decreased. All applied BMs also preserved inflorescence quality during storage as BL% and PHD% were lower in BMs-treated plants compared with control. Chlorophylls, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, total phenols and total soluble carbohydrates in broccoli inflorescence were decreased in IR10 and IR15 plants whereas increased in BMs-treated plants. Anthocyanins content was not significantly affected in response to DI treatments and peroxidase activity was not significantly affected in response to either DI or BMs treatments. It was concluded that treatments with BMs could be a feasible approach to avoid yield losses in water-stressed broccoli and that treatments with BMs of deficit-irrigated plants maintain post-harvest quality of broccoli heads during storage.