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关键词： Maize   Rhizosphere   Ion dynamics   Nutrient physiology   Morpho-physio-biochemical attributes   Cd tolerance  

摘要： Cadmium (Cd) in soil-plant system can abridge plant growth by initiating alterations in root zones. Hydroponics and rhizoboxes are useful techniques to monitor plant responses against various natural and/or induced metal stresses. However, soil based studies are considered more appropriate in order to devise efficient food safety and remediation strategies. The present research evaluated the Cd-mediated variations in elemental dynamics of rhizospheric soil together with in planta ionomics and morpho-physio-biochemical traits of two differentially Cd responsive maize cultivars. Cd-sensitive (31P41) and Cd-tolerant (3062) cultivars were grown in pots filled with 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mu g/kg CdCl2 supplemented soil. The results depicted that the maize cultivars significantly influenced the elemental dynamics of rhizosphere as well as in planta mineral accumulation under applied Cd stress. The uptake and translocation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn and Fe from rhizosphere and root cell sap was significantly higher in Cd stressed cv. 3062 as compared to cv. 31P41. In sensitive cultivar (31P41), Cd toxicity resulted in significantly prominent reduction of biomass, leaf area, chlorophyll, carotenoids, protein contents as well as catalase activity in comparison to tolerant one (3062). Analysis of tolerance indexes (TIs) validated that cv. 3062 exhibited advantageous growth and efficient Cd tolerance due to elevated proline, phenolics and activity of antioxidative machinery as compared to cv. 31P41. The cv. 3062 exhibited 54% and 37% less Cd bio-concentration (BCF) and translocation factors (TF), respectively in comparison to cv. 31P41 under highest Cd stress regime. Lower BCF and TF designated a higher Cd stabilization by tolerant cultivar (3062) in rhizospheric zone and its potential use in future remediation plans.

关键词： PROTEINS   CYSTEINE   DESIGN  

摘要： New findings on the chemistry of the amino acids, their role in protein folding, and their sequential primordial introduction have uncovered concealed causalities in genetic code evolution. The genetically encoded amino acids successively provided (i) membrane anchors, (ii) halophilic protein folds, (iii) mesophilic protein folds, (iv) metal ligation, and (v) antioxidation.

关键词： Vermicompost   Larch   Soil   Chemical properties   Microbiota   Enzymes   MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA   ENZYME-ACTIVITIES   GENE   PRINCIPLES  

摘要： The aim of this study was to assess the changes in chemical and microbial properties and enzymatic activity of soil enriched with vermicompost derived from household waste. The vermicompost was tested in the rhizosphere ofLarixdecidua seedlings cultivated in 10-L pots in: (i) nursery soil (as the control), (ii) soil with 10% v/v vermicompost, and (iii) with 20% v/v vermicompost. The impact of vermicompost was assessed in terms of soil C/N ratio; bacterial, fungal, and nematode counts; and enzymatic activity. It was found that vermicompost increased the C/N ratio from 21 to 32, as well as the content of nitrate from 78 to 134 mg kg(-1), of ammonium from 14 to 139 mg kg(-1), of phosphorus from 92 to 521 mg kg(-1), and of potassium from 142 to 1912 mg kg(-1), compared with the control soil. The abundance of beneficial bacteria was increased (from 8.61 x 10(7)to 37.9 x 10(7)), along with decreases in microbiological ratios of fungi and bacteria (e.g. fungi/Bacillus from 0.18818 to 0.00425). A significant 2- to 4-fold increase was observed compared with the control in the number of beneficial nematodes belonging to bacterivorous, fungivorous, and predatory groups with no change in the abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes. Addition of vermicompost brought about a change in soil enzyme activity. Vermicompost reduced the activity of alkaline phosphatase only. Both doses of vermicompost led to an increase in the activity of acid phosphatase, inorganic pyrophosphatase, dehydrogenases, beta-glucosidase, and urease. Only the higher dose had an effect on increasing the activity of o-diphenol oxidase and proteases. No significant change was observed for nitrate reductase. Also, the presence of antibiotics produced by bacteria was detected depending on the dose of vermicompost, e.g. iturin (ituC) and bacillomycin (bmyB) were found in soil with a dose of 20% v/v vermicompost. Overall, vermicompost produced from household waste can be an excellent organic fertilizer for larch fore

关键词： Argan   Genetic diversity   SSRs   Peroxidase   Superoxide dismutase   Catalase   CYTOSOLIC ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE   SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE   ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES   DROUGHT TOLERANCE   SALT STRESS   RECOVERY   CHLOROPLASTS   MECHANISMS   LEAVES   OXYGEN  

摘要： An integrated molecular and biochemical approach was carried out to compare Moroccan and Spanish argan [Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels] ecotypes. Genetic diversity of seedlings was evaluated using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers. In addition, water stress was imposed by holding water and enzymatic peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities and total proteins in well-watered and water-deficient conditions were evaluated. The molecular characterization of the two ecotypes showed that the number of presumed alleles revealed by the SSR analysis ranged from 1 to 32 alleles per locus, with a mean value of 13 alleles and a mean heterozygosity value of 0.44. The assayed SSRs showed that most individuals were clustered according to their ecotype with a similar diversity level between Moroccan and Spanish ecotypes. Enzymatic activities in response to drought stress showed increase in POX and SOD activities for both ecotypes together with total protein content, but showed no significant differences in CAT activity. A potential tolerance to drought stress with increased levels of SOD activity in Spanish ecotypes grown in inland area of Alicante compared with Moroccan ecotypes grown in Essaouira, which is a coastal area, was also reported. In addition, the recovery period seemed to be sensed by argan plants as a new stress situation, as observed by the response of POX and CAT activities, suggesting an imbalance in the H2O2 metabolism. Our results suggestd an effect of geographic proximity and population isolation and/or breeding system on molecular phenotypes and responses to drought stress of the studied argan ecotypes. However, further investigations are needed to verify the induced differences.

关键词： Musculoskeletal pain   Reserpine   Nerve growth factor   Heraclin   Hyperalgesia   Cytokines   MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION   FIBROMYALGIA   BERGAPTEN   DISEASE   MECHANISMS   DEPRESSION   RECEPTORS   MODEL  

摘要： Musculoskeletal pain is a widespread complex regional pain syndrome associated with altered emotional and cognitive functioning along with heightened physical disability that has become a global health concern. Effective management of this disorder and associated disabilities includes accurate diagnosis of its biomarkers and instituting mechanism-based therapeutic interventions. Herein, we explored the role of heraclin, a plant-derived molecule, in musculoskeletal pain and its underlying mechanistic approaches in an experimental mouse model. Reserpine (0.5 mg/kg) for 3 consecutive days evoked hyperalgesia, motor incoordination, lack of exploratory behavior, anxiety, and cognition lapse in mice. Reserpine-challenged mice displayed higher serum cytokine level, altered brain neurotransmitter content, elevated brain and muscle oxidative stress, and upregulated brain nerve growth factor receptor expression. Treatment with heraclin (10 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days) exerted analgesic effect and improved motor coordination and memory deficits in mice. Heraclin arrested serum cytokine rise, normalized brain neurotransmitter content, reduced tissue oxidative stress, and downregulated the nerve growth factor receptor expression. Therefore, it may be suggested that heraclin exerts beneficial effects against reserpine-induced musculoskeletal pain disorder possibly through the attenuation of NGFR-mediated pain and inflammatory signaling.

关键词： Breg cells   Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus   IL-10   Insulin resistance   Beta-cell functionality   Th17 cells   INSULIN-RESISTANCE   IFN-GAMMA   GLUCOSE   IL-10  

摘要： Aim: To determine the percentages of (CD19 + CD24 + CD38+, CD19 + CD24 + CD27+, CD19 + IL-10+)-Breg cells, IL-17 single and IL-17+/IFN-y double producers T cells and IFNy+ T cells, in normal-glycemic individuals, prediabetes and T2DM patients, and to analyze the association of Breg cells with metabolic parameters of T2DM. Methods: percentages of Breg cells, IL-17+ and IL-17 + IFN-y+ T cells, IFN-y+ T cells and IL-10 were determined by flow cytometry. IL-6 levels were evaluated by ELISA assay. Results: increased IL-6 levels, IL-17+ and IL-17 + IFN-y+ T cells and a diminution of IL-10 levels and CD19 + IL-10+ cells in T2DM patients were observed. We found that CD19 + C D24 + CD27+ cells and CD19 + CD24 + CD38+ cells were increased in T2DM patients. The percentages of CD19 + CD24 + CD38+ cells were associated with HOMA-B, TyG index, HDL and cholesterol values. In normal-glycemic individuals, CD19 + CD24 + CD27+ cells were inversely associated to triglycerides and TyG index. In prediabetes patients, CD19 + CD24 + CD38+ cells were inversely related with cholesterol and LDL. Finally, CD19 + C D24 + CD38+ cells were inversely related with HDL values in T2DM patients. Conclusion: Our results suggest that increased percentages of IL-17 single and IL-17/IFN-y double producers T cells in T2DM patients may be a consequence of the initial CD19 + IL-10+ cells reduction. Furthermore, dyslipidemia could play an important role in percentages and activity of B regulatory cells. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： gene expression   LC-PUFA   lipoproteins   Salmo trutta   serum lipids   starvation   ACYL DESATURASE FADS2   LONG-TERM STARVATION   RAINBOW-TROUT   PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS   ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS   BODY-COMPOSITION   CHANNEL CATFISH   COMPENSATORY GROWTH   LIPID-METABOLISM   PPAR-ALPHA  

摘要： The present study investigated the effects of 42-day starvation followed by 14-day refeeding, on lipid metabolism in juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta). Starvation significantly decreased plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein levels. The individual and total saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid levels significantly decreased throughout the treatment (except stearic acid), and whereas the individual and total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels significantly increased, with some exceptions, such as alpha-linolenic acid. The mRNA expressions of genes involved in the elongation, desaturation and fatty acid oxidation pathways were downregulated (except Delta 6fadc), whereas those ofppar alpha,ppar gamma andpparsswere upregulated. Our results indicated that the 14-day refeeding period was sufficient to recover the studied parameters (except growth). To date, no other study has described the effects of starvation on fatty acid metabolism, especially molecular n-3 PUFA metabolism, in brown trout. Therefore, determining the responses of fatty acid metabolism to starvation in brown trout would contribute to further studies on the starvation physiology in teleosts.

关键词： Glutaric acidemia type 1   Brazil   GCDH gene   Late diagnosis   Mutations   ACIDURIA TYPE-I   COA DEHYDROGENASE GENE   DIAGNOSIS   PHENOTYPE  

摘要： Glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA-1) is a rare but treatable inherited disease caused by deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity due to GCDH gene mutations. In this study, we report 24 symptomatic GA-1 Brazilian patients, and present their clinical, biochemical, and molecular findings. Patients were diagnosed by high levels of glutaric and/or 3-hydroxyglutaric and glutarylcarnitine. Diagnosis was confirmed by genetic analysis. Most patients had the early-onset severe form of the disease and the main features were neurological deterioration, seizures and dystonia, usually following an episode of metabolic decompensation. Despite the early symptomatology, diagnosis took a long time for most patients. We identified 13 variants in the GCDH gene, four of them were novel: c.91 + 5G > A, c.167T > G, c.257C > T, and c.10A > T. The most common mutation was c.1204C > T (p.R402W). Surprisingly, the second most frequent mutation was the new mutation c.91 + 5G > A (IVS1 ds G-A + 5). Our results allowed a complete characterization of the GA-1 Brazilian patients. Besides, they expand the mutational spectrum of GA-1, with the description of four new mutations. This work reinforces the importance of awareness of GA-1 among doctors in order to allow early diagnosis and treatment in countries like Brazil where the disease has not been included in newborn screening programs.

关键词： Microwave ablation   Parathyroid hormone   Hypercalcemia   Ultrasound-guided   Primary hyperparathyroidism   RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION   PARATHYROID-GLAND   LASER-ABLATION   MANAGEMENT  

摘要： Purpose To investigate the changes of the serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium level, as well as bone mineral density (BMD), after percutaneous ultrasound-guided microwave ablation (MWA) for primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) caused by single hyperfunctional nodule. Methods The study enrolled 20 patients with a total of 20 nodules of MWA treatment to pHPT in one session. The normalization rate of the serum PTH and calcium was evaluated at every 6 months during 2-year follow-up after MWA. The bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar spine and femoral neck were also compared before and after the procedure. Results The normalization rate of both PTH and serum calcium at 6-, 12-, 24-month follow-up was 66.6%, 80.0%, and 62.5%, respectively. Though the normalization rate of serum calcium level at 6-, 12-, and 24-month visit after MWA was 100%. The BMD increased 12, 24 months after MWA at lumbar spine (1.022 +/- 0.155, 1.057 +/- 0.151 vs 0.965 +/- 0.145 g/cm(2),p < 0.01) and femoral neck at 2-year assessment (0.819 +/- 0.094 vs 0.771 +/- 0.102 g/cm(2),p = 0.015). Seven nodules disappeared in 20 nodules (35.0%), average ablation time was 122.29 +/- 107.54 s (34-460 s). Six patients encountered voice change during the procedure, one participant was confirmed recurrent laryngeal injuries but recovered within 2 months. Conclusions Percutaneous ultrasound-guided microwave ablation results in improvement of biochemical profiles and bone mineral density in subjects with single hyperfunctional parathyroid nodule. However, the long-term efficacy of the MWA remains to be verified.

关键词： CULTURES   SLUDGE   LABOR  

摘要： Microbial communities are complex but there are basic principles we can apply to constrain the assumed stochasticity of their activity. By understanding the trade-offs behind the kinetic parameters that define microbial growth, we can explain how local interspecies dependencies arise and shape the emerging properties of a community. If we integrate these theoretical descriptions with experimental 'omics' data and bioenergetics analysis of specific environmental conditions, predictions on activity, assembly and spatial structure can be obtained reducing the a priori unpredictable complexity of microbial communities. This information can be used to define the appropriate selective pressures to engineer bioprocesses and propose new hypotheses which can drive experimental research to accelerate innovation in biotechnology.