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关键词： Oryza sativa L   Antioxidants   Osmoprotectants   Proline   Glycine betaine   Yield   ORYZA-SATIVA L.   HIGH-TEMPERATURE   ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES   LIPID-PEROXIDATION   OXIDATIVE STRESS   SALT-STRESS   EXPRESSION   WHEAT   ACCUMULATION   PLANTS  

摘要： Abiotic stresses are the prime coercion to sustainable crop production in changing climate scenario. Heat and drought stresses at reproductive as well as vegetative stages of rice cause extensive reduction in its yield. Being a multifunctional amino acid, proline is being used to diminish numerous biotic and abiotic stresses of plants. A pot experiment was conducted in summer season 2018, to check the effectiveness of foliar applied proline in mitigating the concurrent effects of heat and drought stresses on rice, at greenhouse/screenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Experiment was carried out under completely randomized design with split arrangement having three replications. Stress was imposed at anthesis with treatments viz. drought stress, heat stress and heat plus drought stress as a main factor, and various levels of exogenously applied proline viz. no proline/water spray, 10, 20 and 30 mM concentrations were maintained as subfactor. A control (no stress imposed) was upheld for comparison. Stress treatments: drought, heat and heat plus drought stress at anthesis stage depressed the production of antioxidants, osmoprotectants and chlorophyll contents while causing overproduction of malondialdehyde content. Exogenous proline application upregulated activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), total soluble proteins (TSP), leaf proline and glycine betaine contents and diminution in lipid peroxidation resulting into improvement in chlorophyll contents and eventually yield per plant. Concurrent heat and drought stresses were more perilous as compared to individually applied heat or drought stress and 30 mM proline application gave maximum alleviation against stress.

关键词： Sex gender   Oral microbiota   Salivary   Glycaemia   HIGH-FAT-DIET   GUT MICROBIOTA   LINGUAL LIPASE   CHOLESTEROL   HEALTH  

摘要： Saliva plays a key role in food absorption and digestion mainly due to both its enzymes and microbiota. The main objective of this study was to compare the oral microbiota and salivary parameters between men and women in response to feeding. To answer this question, we set up a pilot study on 10 male and 10 female subjects to examine the role of saliva in glycaemia physiology. Biological parameters and the microbiotal composition of saliva were analyzed in fasted and fed states. The results show that the level of blood glucose was not different between men and women in the fasted state (88.00 mg/dL +/- 6.38 vs 87.00 mg/dL +/- 8.07,p = 0.9149) or in the fed state (102.44 mg/dL +/- 14.03 vs 116.9 mg/dL +/- 25,p = 0.1362). Free fatty acids (FFA 0.15 mmol/L +/- 0.15 vs 0.07 mmol/L +/- 0.07, p = 0,0078), cholesterol (0.53 mmol/L +/- 0.30 vs 0.15 mmol/L +/- 0.14,p < 0.0001), and total saliva proteins (13.2 g/L +/- 4.31 vs 9.02 g/L +/- 6.98,p = 0.0168) were decreased after feeding, as well as the saliva lipase (27.89 U/L +/- 25.7 vs 12.28 U/L +/- 4.85,p = 0.0126). A very significant increase in the relative abundance of Streptococcaceae (24.56 +/- 9.32 vs 13.53 +/- 7.47,p = 0.00055) and a decrease in Prevotellaceae (34.45 +/- 9.30 vs 17.43 +/- 9.03,p = 0.00055) were observed in the fed condition. When investigating gender-related differences in the fasted state, men showed higher levels of cholesterol (0.71 mmol/L +/- 0.26 vs 0.40 mmol/L +/- 0.27,p = 0.0329), FFA (0.25 mmol/L +/- 0.18 vs 0.08 mmol/L +/- 0.06,p = 0.0049), and triglycerides (0.24 mmol/L +/- 0.15 vs 0.09 mmol/L +/- 0.04,p = 0.006) than women. Finally, differences could be observed in saliva microbiota between men and women in the fasted condition but even more in the fed condition, wherePorphyromonasandCapnocytophagawere overrepresented in the male salivary samples compared with female saliva. Thus, biological parameters and microbiota in saliva could be the signatures of the feeding conditions and sex gender

关键词： Pectobacterium   Oxygen sensor   Bacterial growth   RuBPS   Assay optimization   Physiological studies   QUICK MICROPLATE METHOD   SOFT-ROT   GROWTH   OXYGEN   CYTOTOXICITY   DISULFONATE  

摘要： Assessment of bacterial growth is an essential tool in many fields of study. Numerous methods are available for that purpose, but they are not without disadvantages. The present study aimed to investigate the application of a water soluble oxygen sensor [Ru(dpp(SO3Na)(2))(3)]Cl(2)x6H(2)O (RuBPS) in physiological and biochemical studies of Pectobacterium spp. and other bacteria in 96-well microplate systems. The method was optimized with respect to compound concentration, microplate type, and measurement parameters. The growth of bacteria was assessed under increased salinity, acidic and alkaline pH, decreased water availability, and osmotic stress. Utilization of various sugars by bacteria as the only carbon source and the usefulness of RuBPS in antibiotic susceptibility assays were also investigated. The studies confirmed that the respirometry assay can be successfully used to assess bacterial growth in place of the optical density measurement and the resazurin assay, or in conjugation with those methods. The assay is of special value when growth media are non-homogeneous, bacteria produce reductive compounds during growth, or when bacteria do not grow well in the medium of choice. It may be used to study adaptation potential of plant pathogenic bacteria and other bacteria, and their possible spread into new ecological niches.

关键词： HUVEC   LPS   Myrtus communis L.   1.8 Cineole   alpha-Pinene   alpha-Terpineole   TEA TREE OIL   ALPHA-TERPINEOL   ANTIINFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES   SEVERE SEPSIS   IN-VIVO   ANTIBACTERIAL   INJURY   MODEL   PATHOPHYSIOLOGY   TERPINEN-4-OL  

摘要： The aim of this study to investigate the potential effects of essential oils and compounds obtained from MC fruit on sepsis induced endothelial cell damage in human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) at molecular and cellular levels on in vitro sepsis model. A sepsis model was induced by the application of LPS. The HUVEC treatment groups were as follows: control, LPS, MC, MC plus LPS, 1.8 cineole, 1.8 cineole plus LPS, alpha-pinene, alpha-pinene plus LPS, alpha-terpineol, and alpha-terpineol plus LPS. Following the treatments, cell proliferation was analyzed using the xCELLigence (R) system. The mRNA expression of various cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and IL-6] and endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. The 1.8 cineole and alpha-pinene treatments at specific doses showed toxic effects on alpha-terpineine, although it did not result in a change in the cellular index as compared with that of the control group. The application of LPS to HUVECs led to a significant decrease in the cellular index, depending on the treatment time. It did not correct the decreased cell index of MC plus LPS and alpha-terpineol plus LPS groups as compared with that of the LPS-only group. The 1.8 cineole plus LPS treatment and alpha-pinene plus LPS treatment significantly increased the cell index as compared with that of the LPS-only treatment, and the cell index in these groups was closer to that of the control. According to the results of the qPCR analysis, neither the MC-only treatment nor the alpha-terpineol-only treatment significantly reduced cellular damage caused by LPS-induced increases in TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and eNOS mRNA expression. However, both the 1.8 cineole treatment and alpha-pinene treatments significantly decreased TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and eNOS mRNA expression induced by LPS. Volatile oil obtained from MC fruit and the MC compound al

关键词： Aquatic environment   Enzymes   Fishes   Pharmacology   Toxicity   LONG-TERM EXPOSURE   PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES   AFRICAN CATFISH   DNA-DAMAGE   PHARMACEUTICALS   TOXICITY   WATER   CARBAMAZEPINE   KETOPROFEN   IBUPROFEN  

摘要： The residues and metabolites from pharmaceuticals have been noted to cause adverse effects to both target and non-target aquatic organisms. The sublethal effects of diclofenac at 0.17, 0.34 and 0.68 mg L-1 on oxidative stress biomarkers, biochemical responses and Na+-K+-ATPase activities in the gill tissue of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus were investigated for 60 days. Elevated levels of some serum biochemical parameters including protein, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, glucose, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and also some catalysts of gluconeogenic enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose 1, 6 bisphosphatase in the fish liver, increase as the concentration of the diclofenac increased. The reactions of glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, carbonyl protein and reduced glutathione were elevated (p < 0.05) while the activities of Na+-K+-ATPase was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in fish gill, indicating an adaptive response strategies to mitigate the impact of the drug on the exposed fish. Chronic exposure to sublethal diclofenac can induce oxidative stress and modulates serum biochemical indexes of O. niloticus, suggesting the need for close monitoring of the drug and their metabolites in aquatic environment considering the possible potential adverse effects it may cause even to non-target organisms.

关键词： Phyllostachys praecox   Organic material mulching technique   Drilling aeration   Hypoxia   Physiology   Photosynthesis efficiency   PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH   ZEA-MAYS L.   OXYGEN DEFICIENCY   SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASES   ANTIOXIDATIVE ENZYMES   HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE   OXIDATIVE STRESS   GENE-EXPRESSION   CARBON POOLS   ROOT  

摘要： Aims Phyllostachys praecox is one of the bamboo species that cultivated extensively in southern China. An organic material mulching technique is commonly adopted in winter to increase the yield of bamboo shoots and profits. However, P. praecox is inevitable to be declined when using the technique continuously. Accordingly, we conducted an aeration study to explore the mechanism of the bamboo recession. Methods P. praecox were subjected to mulching and aeration treatments for 50 days, antioxidant enzymes, anaerobic respiratory metabolizing enzymes, and photosynthesis characteristics were investigated in root and leaf tissues. Results The mulching treatment led to bamboo hypoxia stress, while the aeration improved bamboo growth. Compared with mulching treatment, the aeration treatment significantly increased the soil oxygen content. Aeration treatment led to increases in the bamboo root respiratory activity by 19.74%, but decreased ADH, LDH, PDC, SOD, CAT, APX, GR activities by 64.98%, 36.58%, 57.78%, 21.57%, 33.33%, 22.60%, and 32.06%, respectively. Moreover, the aeration treatment greatly enhanced chlorophyll synthesis and improved bamboo photosynthesis. Conclusions Soil hypoxia induced by the organic material mulching inhibited bamboo growth, which might be the critical factor in the bamboo recession. Our results indicated aeration was conducive to preventing the degeneration of the P. praecox bamboo forest.

关键词： PET hydrolyzing enzyme   Bacillus subtilis   Secretory expression   Biochemical characterization   PET degradation   ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION   MOLECULAR CHAPERONES   BRANCH COMPOST   HYDROLYSIS   GENOME   POLY(ETHYLENE-TEREPHTHALATE)   STABILITY   PROTEINS   ENZYMES   SYSTEM  

摘要： The environmental threat posed by disposal of plastic wastes has drawn extensive attention in recent years wherein polyethylene terephthalate (PET) constitutes one of the major plastic materials in the wastes. Recycling of PET wastes into reusable materials effectively overcomes its accumulation in the environment and can be achieved by mechanical, chemical, and biological processes. In comparison to the other methods, enzymatic treatment utilizing PET hydrolyzing enzymes (PETases) is environmental-friendly which avoids the use of hazardous chemicals. In this study, we report on the secretory expression in Bacillus subtilis a PETase (BhrPETase) from the bacterium HR29, a close homologue of the leaf-branch compost cutinase (LCC) with 94 % sequence identity. The expression titer of BhrPETase reached 0.66 g/L in an engineered chaperone-overexpression Bacillus subtilis strain, and the biochemical characterization of BhrPETase for the first time revealed its high hydrolyzing activity towards amorphous PET in comparison to two reported PET hydrolyzing enzymes LCC and IsPETase, which were expressed under the same expression conditions in Bacillus subtilis in our study. Most intriguingly, purified BhrPETase displayed a melting temperature as high as 101 degrees C. To our knowledge it is the most thermostable bacterial PETase characterized so far. The superior activity and thermostability of BhrPETase rendered it one of the most promising PETases for plastic waste recycling and bioremediation applications in the future.

关键词： Biochemical failure   Castration-resistant prostate cancer   Intensity-modulated radiation therapy   Predictive factor   Prostate cancer   Younger men   RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY   RECOMMENDATIONS   RECURRENCE   ANTIGEN   DEATH   AGE  

摘要： Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of the effect of age on disease control in men who received high-dose intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for nonmetastatic prostate cancer (NMPCa). Methods: NMPCa patients with favorable intermediate to very high-risk features (National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk classification) treated with IMRT at our institution between September 2000 and May 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. Treatment consisted of high-dose IMRT (74- 78 Gy/37- 39 fractions) combined with 6 months of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy. Multivariable analysis using Fine and Gray's regression model was performed to evaluate whether age at initiation of IMRT was associated with biochemical failure (BF) and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) progression. Results: A total of 367 patients were analyzed. The median follow-up period was 8.8 years after IMRT. The 5- and 10-year BF rates were 22.1 and 31.7%, and those of CRPC rates were 4.5 and 12.6%, respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed that a younger age (cutoff: 70 years old) at the initiation of IMRT was significantly correlated with both a higher BF rate (hazard ratio: 1.691, P=0.0064) and higher CRPC rate (hazard ratio: 2.579, P = 0.0079). Conclusions: Younger men with NMPCa had increased risks of BF and CRPC after high-dose IMRT, and may benefit from more intensive treatments. Our findings should be further tested in prospective studies. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Body tissues   Biochemical composition   Elemental analysis   Bivalve mollusks   Genus Ruditapes   ARGOPECTEN-IRRADIANS-CONCENTRICUS   COCKLE CERASTODERMA-EDULE   RUDITAPES-DECUSSATUS   SEASONAL-CHANGES   MYTILUS-EDULIS   MANILA CLAM   MACOMA-BALTHICA   CONDITION INDEX   ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS   PHILIPPINARUM ADAMS  

摘要： Elemental (CHN) and proximate biochemical compositions of body tissues are useful tools among the ecological indices most commonly used in evaluation of the energetic status of animal populations. Gnaiger and Bitterlich (1984) supplied procedures for the interconversion between both these measurements based on stoichiometric relationships, that were further tested using gut contents and body tissue samples of freshwater fishes. Despite a lack of validation studies, the reported conversion factors have been broadly applied in the field of body composition analysis of marine invertebrates, especially bivalve mollusks. The aim of this study was to test the applicability of those conversion equivalents in analysis of the body tissues of two congeneric clam species (Ruditapes decussatus and Ruditapes philippinarum). To this end, proximate biochemical composition, as analyzed by fractionated extraction of tissues samples and quantification using spectrophotometric methods, was converted to elemental composition, and the resulting figures were compared with those of direct CHN analysis. The results of this comparison indicate good agreement within the ranges reported, provided that ninhydrin positive substances (NPS) are incorporated in the biochemical composition analyses. The magnitude of the nonprotein N component in bivalve tissues appears to complicate the reverse computation of biochemical components from elemental composition because no accurate estimation of proteins from N contents might be possible. Additionally, a specific correction of residual water in dried samples of bivalve tissues for CHN analysis should be applied. The absence of broad differences found between species reflects the morphological, evolutionary and functional proximity between them, whereas tissue differences display the differential role that each organ plays in the organism, although other sources of variability such as diet and sex should be addressed in future research.

关键词： Bifidobacterium   Lactobacillus acidophilus   Viability   Paraprobiotic   Probiotic   Yogurt  

摘要： Paraprobiotics are inactivated probiotics that exert various health and technological benefits making them suitable for production of functional yogurt. In the present study, probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC SD 5221 and Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12 and paraprobiotic yogurt containing inactivated form of the mentioned bacteria were produced and were compared regarding microbiological, biochemical, and physical properties during 28 days of storage at refrigerated temperature. Results revealed that the greatest mean pH drop rate, mean acidity increase rate, mean redox potential increase rate, final acidity and final redox potential were observed in yogurt containing inactivated L. acidophilus added before fermentation. The highest lactic acid after 28 days of storage was obtained in samples prepared by addition of paraprobiotic form of L. acidophilus after fermentation. Yogurt samples with B. lactis and L. acidophilus added after fermentation showed the highest and lowest acetic acid level, respectively after 28 days of storage. The samples containing L. acidophilus and B. lactis had the highest acetaldehyde on day 0 while on day 28, L. acidophilus had more impact on acetaldehyde generation in yogurts. Addition of paraprobiotics increased viability of starter cultures. In addition, incorporation of inactivated probiotic cells into yogurt resulted in lower syneresis and the higher WHC compared to probiotic yogurt samples. Regarding color parameters, it was observed that color parameters (a*, b* and L*) were not influenced by paraprobiotic in probiotic and paraprobiotic yogurts. Overall, it can be concluded that incorporation of paraprobiotics into yogurt involves less technological challenges and can be considered as a suitable appropriate alternative for probiotics in development of functional yogurt.