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关键词： European lobster   osmotic stress   larva   protein   lipid  

摘要： In coastal areas with estuarine influence, exposure to hypo-osmotic conditions may affect larval survival, development and growth. Most knowledge about effects of reduced salinity on coastal organisms is based on keeping individuals under constant conditions in the laboratory. By contrast, little is known about the effects of more realistic situations where organisms are exposed to low salinity over short time scales. Such environmental short-term fluctuations are expected to increase due to climate change. Here, we experimentally evaluated the sublethal effects of both short-term and continuous exposure to moderately reduced salinities (salinity 20 and 25; compared to seawater, salinity 32) in larvae of European lobster Homarus gammarus. Total body dry mass and biochemical composition (measured as: protein and lipid contents) were measured as response variables in Mysis stages I to III. Short-term effects of low salinity were quantified in a group of larvae kept in seawater from hatching until the time of transfer to the test salinities. After ca. 40 % of each moult cycle in seawater (determined in preliminary experiments for Mysis I, II and III), larvae were assigned to a seawater control or reduced salinities lasting for 16 h (i.e. until ca. 50 % of the time spent within the moulting cycle). Effects of continuous exposure to low salinity were quantified when larvae were exposed to the different salinities from hatching, until they reached ca. 50 % of the successive moulting stage. Surprisingly, in the Mysis II and III stages, short-term exposure to low salinity had much stronger effects on accumulation of reserves than the continuous exposure. Such effects were manifested mostly as limited accumulation, or even losses, in the lipid content as compared to reductions in the amount of protein accumulated. The most sensitive stage to exposure to low salinity was the Mysis III; by contrast in Mysis I such effects were relative weak (not always significant). Chronic ex

关键词： Canakinumab   Gouty arthritis   hsCRP   Serum amyloid A   VAS   GLOBAL ASSESSMENT   DOUBLE-BLIND   MANAGEMENT   ACID   HYPERURICEMIA   RHEUMATOLOGY   EPIDEMIOLOGY   MULTICENTER   FLARES   RISK  

摘要： Background Targeted anti-IL-1 beta therapy may be a valuable option for the management of gouty arthritis. The present meta-analysis has evaluated the effect of canakinumab, an anti-IL-1 beta monoclonal antibody in gouty arthritis. Methods A standard meta-analysis protocol was developed and after performing a comprehensive literature search in MEDLINE, Cochrane, and International Clinical Trial Registry Platform (ICTRP), reviewers assessed eligibility and extracted data from three relevant articles. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled effect size as the mean difference in Visual Analouge Scale (VAS) score, serum hsCRP, serum Amyloid A, and risk ratio for global assessment between the groups. Quality assessment was done using the risk of bias assessment tool and summary of findings was prepared using standard Cochrane methodology with GradePro GDT. Results Treatment with canakinumab showed a mean reduction of VAS score by 14.59 mm [95% CI - 19.42 to - 9.77], serum hsCRP by 15.36 mg/L [95% CI 1.62-29.11], serum Amyloid A by 67.18 mg/L [95% CI 17.06-117.31], and improvement in patient global assessment (RR = 1.478; 95% CI 1.29-1.67) and physician global assessment (RR = 1.44; 95% CI 1.28-1.61). The probability that future studies may have a mean difference in VAS score less than zero has been calculated to be 27.3% using a cumulative distribution function (CDF) calculator. Conclusion This meta-analysis shows the beneficial effect of canakinumab over triamcinolone by reducing VAS score, serum hsCRP, serum amyloid A, and improvement in global assessments in acute gouty arthritis.

关键词： Prostate Cancer   Biochemical free survival   Statin   ATORVASTATIN   LOVASTATIN   SURVIVAL   ARREST  

摘要： Background: Multiple studies have investigated the role of statins in prostate cancer (CaP), the leading cause of cancer related death in men. Retrospective cohort studies investigating the correlation between statin use and biochemical recurrence free (BCRF) survival in men with CaP have been inconclusive. Objectives: In the largest reported surgical cohort to date, we investigated the effect of statin therapy on BCRF and overall survival in patients with CaP who have undergone radical prostatectomy (RP). Patients and methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of men (n = 3,088) participating in the NCI funded Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) in CaP at Northwestern University (NM) in Chicago, Illinois. Patients were treated with RP between 2002 and 2015. Patients in the statin users group received treatment within 2 years prior to or subsequent to RP. Wilcoxon rank-sum and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare age, race, Gleason score, clinical staging, and pathological stage between statin users and nonstatin users. Results: The analysis identified 1,222 statin users and 1,865 nonusers (mean age 71 years, 92% Caucasian). After a median follow-up time of 49.0 months, the 5-year BCRF survival rate was 93.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 91.9-94.8%) among statin users and 88.6% (95% CI: 87.1%-90%) among nonusers (log-rank P<0.001). After 10 years, the progression-free survival (PFS) was 91.7% (95% CI: 90.1%-93.3%) among statin users and 86.5% (95% CI: 84.4%-88.2%) among nonusers (log-rank P<0.001). Conclusions: Extended follow-up data in this large surgical cohort show statin use improves BCRF but not overall survival in RP patients. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Coffee   Hanseniaspora uvarum   Pichia kudriavzevii   Flavour   Pectinase   ACETIC-ACID   SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE   PICHIA-KUDRIAVZEVII   COCOA FERMENTATION   MUCILAGE LAYER   ARABICA   IMPACT   MODULATION   SELECTION   ROBUSTA  

摘要： This study investigated the microbiological and biochemical characteristics of six endogenous yeast species isolated from spontaneous wet coffee fermentation for their potential as starter cultures. The yeasts were cultured under elevated temperature, osmotic pressure, ethanol and acid concentrations to assess their tolerance to these coffee fermentation-related stress conditions. Their ability to produce hydrolytic enzymes for pectin, protein, cellulose and starch were evaluated using plate assays. Hanseniaspora uvarum and Pichia kudriavzevii were the most stress-tolerant species and also exhibited high pectinase, amylase, cellulase and protease activities compared with P. fermentans, Candida railenensis, C. xylopsoci and Wickerhamomyces anomalus. When the yeasts were inoculated in a synthetic coffee pulp extract medium all the isolates grew and produced several important aromatic compounds, including isoamyl alcohol, 2-phenylethyl alcohol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetaldehyde, and 2-propanone. The concentrations of these volatiles produced by the yeast species differed significantly. H. uvarum and P. kudriavzevii produced significantly higher concentration of total alcohols (42.5, 57.6 mg/l), esters (31.0, 33.7 mg/l) and aldehydes (0.7, 1.9 mg/l). Overall, H. uvarum and P. kudriavzevii demonstrated the strongest potential as starter cultures for wet coffee fermentation.

关键词： ASSOCIATION  

关键词： biodegradation   mineralization   wildfire   Entic Folic Podzols   FOREST SOIL   NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS   BLACK CARBON   DEGRADATION   BIODEGRADABILITY   TRANSFORMATION   DYNAMICS   LAKE   DOC   REVEGETATION  

摘要： The dynamics of the content of water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) and its resistance to microbiological transformation in the Entic Folic Podzol of the postfire succession in the dwarf-shrub mountain tundra of the Khibiny Mountains are studied. A medium-intensity fire does not cause a statistically significant decrease in the soil WSOM content as compared to the reference plot. The activity of WSOM mineralization is mainly determined by the WSOM properties rather than by the microbial community. The dynamics of biodegradation is adequately described by a two-component first-order exponential model with a statistically significant existence of fast-mineralized (mean residence time, <1 day) and slow-mineralized (mean residence time, 33 to 111 days) pools. The maximum share of the fast pool is typical of the soil immediately after a fire and smoothly decreases during further postfire succession. During biodegradation, a biokinetic selection of the aromatic hydrophobic compounds most resistant to microorganisms is observed, while the simple nitrogen-containing components of WSOM are the first to be consumed by microorganisms.

关键词： DDVP   Inhalation   Toxicity   Hematology   Biochemistry  

摘要： DDVP is a commonly used pesticide in Nigeria and those involved with DDVP manufacturing, packaging or utilizing facilities seldom use PPE to limit pesticide exposure. The study aim was to determine the impact of chronic exposure to DDVP by monitoring hematological and biochemical changes in Wistar rats. Male rats (n = 60; 150-180 g) were exposed to graded DDVP concentrations (0%, 20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 % and 100 %) via inhalation route for 60 days. Body weights were initially measured and then at 20-day intervals. Blood samples were collected for hematology and serum biochemistry on day 61. Results showed significant (p < 0.05) polycythemia, neutrophilia, thrombocytosis, hepatic and renal derangement in rats exposed to DDVP. Also, albumin, AST, ALP, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, bilirubin levels and dyslipidemia significantly increased. Cholinergic signs and stunted growth were observed in higher concentrations. Study emphasized hazards of DDVP mishandling and risks of non-compliance with PPE use by workers in-contact with DDVP, as well as misuse/abuse in animals.

关键词： Nettle   Lamb   Blood metabolites   Antioxidant capacity   Muscle fatty acids   PROPIONIC-ACID   GLUCOSE-METABOLISM   FEEDING SYSTEM   DIOICA L.   NETTLE   MILK   ANTIOXIDANT   PERFORMANCE   EXTRACT   MEAT  

摘要： In this study, the effects of substitution of mixed grass hay with Urtica cannabina hay and/or Leymus chinensis hay on blood metabolites, carcass traits, and intramuscular fatty acid composition of finishing lambs were assessed. Thirty-two male Ujumuqin x small-tailed Han lambs were randomly allocated into four dietary treatment groups (n = 8): (1) 500 g/kg mixed grass hay + 500 g/kg concentrate (control, G50); (2) 500 g/kg Leymus chinensis hay + 500 g/kg concentrate (L50); (3) 500 g/kg flowering U. cannabina hay + 500 g/kg concentrate (U50); and (4) 250 g/kg L. chinensis hay + 250 g/kg flowering U. cannabina hay + 500 g/kg concentrate (L25-U25). Diets were provided in a pellet form and animals were individually fed during the 57-day experimental period. All lambs were slaughtered after the feeding trial. Compared to the control diet, the U50 and L25-U25 diets increased (P = 0.001) glucose concentration and decreased total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in lamb's blood (P = 0.022 and 0.015, respectively). The U50 and L25-U25 groups had greater (P = 0.001) total antioxidant capacity and lower (P = 0.019) malondialdehyde value; and the U50 group had greater (P = 0.003) catalase activity, compared to the control group. Carcass traits were unaffected by dietary treatment, but meat of the U50 and L25-U25 lambs contained lower levels of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (P = 0.031 and 0.048, respectively), and greater (P < 0.001) level of polyunsaturated fatty acids than the meat of control lambs. In particular, the highest (P = 0.021) c9,t11-conjugated linoleic acid was in meat from lambs fed the U50 diet versus L50 and control diets. Use of 250 g/kg U. cannabina plus 250 g/kg L. chinensis or 500 g/kg U. cannabina as a basic feedstuff was more effective at improving blood biochemical profiles and increasing the health-promoting fatty acids of meat of fattening lambs.

关键词： Polyethylene   Emys orbicularis   Biomarkers   Freshwater   TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS   POLYSTYRENE MICROPLASTICS   OXIDATIVE STRESS   CARETTA-CARETTA   PLASTIC DEBRIS   LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASE   ENERGY-METABOLISM   TROPHIC TRANSFER   TOXIC ELEMENTS   CHELONIA-MYDAS  

摘要： The accumulation of microplastics (MPs) is a growing problem in aquatic ecosystems. Despite increased research on MPs in the last decade, their potential threat to freshwater ecosystems remains an open question. In the present study, the negative impacts of MPs were investigated on blood biochemical parameters in the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis). Pond turtles were distributed into three experimental groups (n = 9 for each group) and were fed diets containing 250, 500, and 1000 mg MPs (PE100 polyethylene) per kg of food for 30 days, and a control group fed with a standard uncontaminated diet. The results indicated that exposure to 500 and 1000 mg kg(-1) MPs caused a significant increase in the activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, and in the levels of cholesterol, glucose, creatinine, urea, and calcium (Ca+2) compared with the control group. On the contrary, the activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase and the levels of total protein, albumin, total immunoglobulins, and phosphorus were significantly reduced in E. orbicularis exposed to 500 and 1000 mg kg(-1) MPs when compared with the controls. In all the MP-exposed groups, the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and globulin and magnesium (Mg+2) levels were significantly reduced; while creatine phosphokinase and alkaline phosphatase activities were increased with respect to the control turtles. A significant decrease in triglyceride levels was reported in E. orbicularis exposed to 1000 mg kg(-1) MPs. MPs intake induced notable alterations in blood biochemical parameters of E. orbicularis. These results suggest that changes in the blood biochemical parameters could be an appropriate bio-indicator to evidence the existence of tissue damage in E. orbicularis.

关键词： Biochemical   Oxidative stress   Inflammatory markers   Sleep quality   Type 2 diabetes &Yoga   MELLITUS   WOMEN   RISK   LIFE  

摘要： Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of yoga intervention on the bio-chemical, oxidative stress markers and inflammatory markers and sleep quality among subjects with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Subjects with type 2 diabetes attending a tertiary care centre for diabetes during Feb 2017 to Oct 2019 in Chennai, India were randomly assigned to two different groups. Group1(non-Yoga) (n = 150) was advised on simple physical exercises whereas group2(Yoga) (n = 150) was trained and advised to do yogasanas with static loosening exercises for 50 min for 5 days in a week. Both the groups were followed up for a period of 3 months. Anthropo-metric, biochemical, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers and sleep quality were assessed at baseline and after follow up. Results: There was a significant reduction in BMI, blood glucose levels, HbA1c, lipid levels, IL6, TNFa and TBARS in Yoga group as compared to non-Yoga group. There was marked improvement in the levels of Adiponectin, PTGIS and sleep quality among subjects practis-ing yogasanas. Conclusion: Regular practice of yogasanas improved glycaemic control, oxidative stress, inflammatory response and sleep quality among subjects with type 2 diabetes. Hence, Yogasanas can be used as an adjuvant therapy for managing type 2 diabetes. CO 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.