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关键词： Abandoned mines   Hypersaline deposits   Jarosite   Phytoremediation   Phytotoxicity   Soil quality   IBERIAN PYRITE BELT   DEHYDROGENASE-ACTIVITY   ARYLSULFATASE ACTIVITY   ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT   SOIL ACID   JAROSITE   PHOSPHOMONOESTERASE   ENZYME   PH   IDENTIFICATION  

摘要： Sao Domingos sulfide mine was shut down more than 50 years ago leaving behind eroded and depositional surfaces due to acid mine drainage (AMD). The aim of this study was to assess six selected sites subjected to AMD, considered phytotoxic regions characterized by vegetation scarcity. Two main criteria, nature and composition of soluble fractions and total chemistry of surficial products related to jarosites presence, enabled to set up an overall dichotomy between superficial proximal/discharge and distal/sedimentation areas. Wet and dry sieving results comparison revealed that samples have a predominant sandy texture and lithic (phyllite, quartzite and volcanic country rocks) composition. Quartz, and subordinate feldspar enrichment is also detected in the coarse silt fraction. The results also suggest that the materials under study, when subjected to the local torrential hydrologic regime, have a high mechanical vulnerability, facilitating erosion and mud transport, both critical for vegetation support, and triggering contamination transfer and dispersion. The vicinity and ground-level surfaces of discharging areas are enriched in the jarosite group minerals whereas the sedimentation ones present hypersaline aluminous tendency. The formation of jarosite is considered as an efficient positive environmental contribution to metals and metalloids sequestration/immobilization. The remediation/revegetation solutions to be adopted in each location must have into consideration these differentiating aspects. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Hepatic encephalopathy   Thymoquinone   Anxiety   Depression   Oxidative stress   OXIDATIVE STRESS   NIGELLA-SATIVA   RODENT MODEL   LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE   INFLAMMATION   DEPRESSION   CYTOKINES   EXTRACT   ANXIETY   DAMAGE  

摘要： Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a cerebral function alteration in patients with liver dysfunction. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of thymoquinone (TQ) on behavioral deficits and its possible mechanism(s) in a thioacetamide (TAA)-induced HE model. HE was induced in male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of TAA (200 mg/kg) for once every 48 h for 14 consecutive days. Thymoquinone (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) was administered for seven consecutive days (i.p.) after HE induction. Anxiety and depressionlike behaviors assessed by standard paradigms respectively. Finally, their brain hippocampus sections prepared to evaluate the oxidative stress changes in rats. Data showed treatment HE rats with TQ ameliorated anxiety and depression-like behaviors. TQ administration also reduced oxidative stress due to its potential to enhance the levels of glutathione-pemxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and total thiol content in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that TQ has notable effects against acute hepatic failure and HE complications through modulation of oxidative stress.

关键词： Molybdenum disulfide   Submicrometric plates   Raman micro-spectroscopy   Vesicle identification   Lipidic vesicles   Phosphatidyl lipids   Sphingomyelin   Cellular response   CARBON NANOTUBES   NANOPARTICLES   NANOSHEETS   GRAPHENE   CYTOTOXICITY   EXFOLIATION   MARKERS   LIPIDS  

摘要： The emergence of large scale production techniques for 2D particulate materials has dramatically increased their applications potential. Understanding the interactions of biological cells with such particulate material is therefore of paramount importance, both for toxicological assessment and potential biomedical applications. Conventional in-vitro cytological assays commonly record only a single colorimetric end-point, and do not provide an indepth analysis of how such materials are uptaken and processed within cells. To demonstrate its potential as an alternative, label free approach, confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy has been used to profile the cellular response of macrophage-like immune cells as a result of exposure to a sub-lethal dose of particulate MoS2, as an example novel 2D material. Particles were seen to be uptaken and trafficked in sub-cellular vesicles, and this sensitive technique allows differences in the biochemical composition of the vesicles to be assessed and monitored as a function of time. Untreated macrophage-like cells contain lipidic vesicles which are found to be relatively rich in the membrane lipid sphingomyelin, key to the process of cell membrane regeneration. After exposure to MoS2, the particulate material is seen to be invaginated in similar vesicles, the most prominent of which now, however, have spectroscopic signatures which are dominated by those of phosphatidyl family lipids, consistent with the phagocytotic pathway. The lipidic content of cells is seen to increase at all time-points (4, 24 and 72 h). although vesicles composed of sphingomyelin become more prominent again following a prolonged incubation of 72 h to a sub-lethal dose of MoS2, as the immune cell has processed the particulate material and initiates recovery to a normal/untreated state. This study reveals Raman micro-spectroscopy is an effective method for monitoring cellular responses and evolution of organelle compositions in response to MoS2 exposure. The addit

关键词： Nanotoxicology   Emerging pollutants   Freshwater   Fish   Aquatic vertebrates   LATERAL-LINE SYSTEM   AQUATIC ORGANISMS   ADULT ZEBRAFISH   FISH   MICROPLASTICS   TOXICITY   NANOPARTICLES   RESPONSES   GROWTH   EMBRYOTOXICITY  

摘要： The biometric, behavioral and biochemical toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS NPs) in aquatic freshwater vertebrates and in environmentally relevant concentrations remains poorly known. Thus, using different toxicity biomarkers we tested the hypothesis that the exposure of Ctenopharyngodon idella juveniles to small PS NPs concentrations (0.04 ng/L, 34 ng/L and 34 mu g/L), for a short period-of-time, may affect their growth/development, individual and collective behavior, and biochemical parameters. Animals exposed to NPs did not show increased biometric parameters (i.e.: body biomass, total and standard length, peduncle height, head height and visceral somatic and hepatosomatic indices). Despite the lack of damage on the locomotor (open field test) and visual (visual stimulus test) abilities of the evaluated fish, the expected increase in locomotor activity during the vibratory stimulus test was not evident in animals exposed to NPs. Non-exposed animals were the only ones showing increased activity/locomotion time in the presence of the predatory stimulus during the individual anti-predatory response test. The behavior of animals directly confronted with a potential predator has evidenced the influence of NPs on shoals' aggregation and on the distance kept by individuals from the predatory stimulus. These changes were associated with PS NPs accumulation in animals' brains, oxidative stress and increased acetylcholinesterase activity (hepatic and cerebral). Therefore, the current study has confirmed the initial hypothesis and showed that, even at low concentrations, PS NPs can affect the health of C. idella individuals at early life stage.

关键词： 生物化学   思政教育   实施方案  

摘要： 课程思政是培养社会和谐发展所需德育人才的重要途径。该文分析了生物化学课程思政的现状,挖掘了生物化学中的思政元素,提出了生物化学教学中融合思政教育的实施方案,为将生物化学作为课程思政示范课程的建设打下了基础。

关键词： 高级食品化学   案例教学   研究生教学   大米淀粉老化   应用  

摘要： 案例教学在研究生课程建设和人才培养中发挥着重要作用。本文以淀粉老化的食品加工现象为案例,将之融入研究生高级食品化学课程教学中。采用深度挖掘生活现象实现教学互动,结合知识点和专业文献剖析案例,弥补了理论与实践之间的缺口,提高了高级食品化学课程的教学质量与效果,进一步培养了研究生创新实践解决问题的能力。

关键词： 职业教育   医药专业   生物化学  

摘要： 《国家职业教育改革实施方案》强力推动职业教育在教师、教学和教法方面的改革,飞速发展的医药产业对医药技能人才数量和质量的迫切需求以及学生职业生涯发展的刚性需要也对职业教育提出了改革创新的强烈要求。为此,职业学校专业教师必须在全面提升自身综合素养、专业水平和创新能力的基础上,全力打造体现职业教育特色、使学生乐学好学、满足行业企业要求的品质课程,为完善德技并修、工学结合的育人机制,为社会输送高素质专业技能人才提供有力保障。

关键词： 大学教育   生物化学   大数据   教学改革  

摘要： 随着互联网的不断发展,大数据在人们经济社会生活中占据了重要地位。受到信息科技发展的冲击,高校传统的教学方式已经不适应快速发展的需求,教学改革迫在眉睫。本文以生物化学课程为例,阐述了其在大数据背景下课程改革的必要性以及相应的策略。

关键词： 课程思政   食品工程原理   教学改革  

摘要： 推进课程思政建设是符合教育规律、回归教育初心的必然要求。"食品工程原理"是食品科学与工程专业的一门必修课。为了达到育人的目的,结合"食品工程原理"的特点,探讨教学中渗透"课程思政"元素的必要性、可行性和路径。