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关键词： 政府引导基金   投资阶段   引导效应   融资约束  

摘要： 创业投资引导基金旨在借助政府资本早期介入的认证效应引导社会资本后续跟进投资,是政府应对中小科技企业和初创企业融资市场失灵和缓解融资约束的重要举措。政府引导基金具有良好的政策初衷,其在实践执行中是否真的发挥了对社会资本的引导作用,这值得学界关注。本文基于2008—2017年中国A股上市公司和手工整理的投资事件匹配微观数据,考察了政府引导基金对社会资本的引导作用及其制约条件。实证检验发现:(1)引导基金规避风险的投资特征,导致其没有介入企业早期阶段,引导基金在实践执行中偏离了政策初衷,出现"投资期限错配"现象。(2)引导基金晚期介入严重限制了其对社会资本的引导作用。在投资序列层面,不存在显著的引导基金和社会资本的"先行—跟进"关系;在社会资本投资规模层面,引导基金并没有成功引导更多的社会资本进入企业,因而无法缓解企业融资约束以及促进研发投入。进一步分析显示,引导基金并没有在实质上显著提升社会资本跟进介入企业的概率。本文研究表明,引导基金晚期介入的投资风格特征是制约其引导效应发挥的重要原因。因此,建议在制度设计上优化和完善引导基金的激励和约束机制,使其真正介入科技企业和初创企业成长的早期阶段,这是保障其政策执行与政策意图相一致的关键。本研究丰富了关于引导基金引导效应的认识,对于其政策后期优化调整乃至中国创新发展战略的推进具有现实意义。

关键词： 卡氏微柱凝胶技术   聚酯胺法   血型鉴定   红细胞不规则抗体  

摘要： 研究ABO、RhD血型鉴定及输血前红细胞不规则抗体检验中卡氏微柱凝胶技术的应用效果与价值。方法:本研究抽取2019年2月-2021年3月间在我院就诊的500例输血患者作为研究对象,所有患者均分别应用卡氏微柱凝胶法和聚酯胺法进行ABO、RhD血型的鉴定与输血前红细胞不规则抗体检验。本研究将通过对比不同检查措施下所有研究对象的血型鉴定结果与红细胞不规则抗体检验结果差异,验证卡氏微柱凝胶法在输血患者输血前检验中的价值。结果:卡氏微柱凝胶法在全部500例研究对象的ABO血型和RhD血型鉴定中的准确率要明显高于聚酯胺法(P<0.05),且卡氏微柱凝胶法的红细胞不规则抗体阳性检出率也要明显高于聚酯胺法,组间差异存在统计学意义,P<0.05。结论:在输血患者的血型鉴定与红细胞不规则抗体检测中卡氏微柱凝胶法均可取得优质的效果,该检测技术不仅能够明确受检者的血型,还可有效检出患者的红细胞不规则抗体,对于患者输血治疗安全性的保障有着重要的意义,具有极高的临床应用价值。

关键词： 企业管理者   有限理性   投资预期  

摘要： 我国企业管理者有限理性行为主要表现为过度自信、短视偏差和从众行为,情绪感染理论、市场竞争机制、企业内部奖惩机制等角度都揭示各种管理者有限理性行为对企业投资预期的作用机制。通过构建面板数据回归模型,利用我国A股主板企业的数据进行实证检验。研究发现:我国企业管理者的有限理性行为对企业投资预期存在显著的作用效应;管理者过度自信和从众行为显著正向作用于企业投资预期,短视偏差对企业投资预期存在显著负向作用效应;管理者过度自信对企业投资预期的作用力度最大,短视偏差次之,而从众行为最弱。

关键词： 合同成立   招标投标   投标文件   招标文件   投标人   招标人   约束力   诉讼案件  

摘要： 一、不同的看法及法律意义由于招标投标的目的是订立合同,通过招标投标订立的合同什么时间成立就成为了非常重要的问题。这一时间决定了招标文件、投标文件中的内容何时开始对招标人、投标人产生约束力。在招标投标实务中,大量纠纷都与对此不同的认识有关,即使在法院的诉讼案件中,对此的不同认识仍然产生了不同的判决。

关键词： Reward   Novelty seeking   Persistence   Empirical classification   TEMPERAMENT   METAANALYSIS   PERSONALITY   INTERVIEW   MODEL  

摘要： Reward response patterns may contribute to risk and maintenance of eating disorders (EDs), and there may be clinically meaningful heterogeneity in behavioral responses to different actual and anticipated rewards across ED diagnoses. We used an empirical approach to classify individuals with EDs based on self-reported tendencies for responding to reward-related stimuli. Latent profile analysis was conducted in a transdiagnostic ED sample (N = 104) using Temperament and Character Inventory (Cloninger et al., 1993) subscales to categorize participants on reward responses of behavioral activation towards immediate, hedonic rewards (Novelty Seeking subscale), persistence towards long-term rewards (Persistence subscale), and maintenance by social rewards (Reward Dependence subscale) rewards. Two profiles were identified: (1) Behavioral Activation group (elevated Novelty Seeking; n = 62); and (b) Behavioral Persistence group (elevated Persistence; n = 42). Generalized linear models comparing profiles showed that frequency of these reward response profiles did not differ in probable AN, BN, or OSFED groups; however, individuals with probable BED more often demonstrated the Behavioral Activation profile (p = .041). These profiles exhibited comparable ED severity, but different presentations. Across probable ED diagnoses, the Behavioral Activation group reported greater binge eating (p = .006, d = 0.32) and had higher BMIs (p = .001, d = 0.57); the Behavioral Persistence group endorsed greater driven exercise (p = .042, d = 0.33). Categorization by activation to novel, immediate rewards versus persistence towards long-term rewards was associated with different symptoms across diagnoses, potentially supporting the role of specific reward response profiles in ED phenomenology.

关键词： Travel satisfaction   Machine learning   Nonlinear effect   Interactions   Data-driven approaches   SERVICE QUALITY   CUSTOMER SATISFACTION   RIDER SATISFACTION   BUILT ENVIRONMENT   FUZZY APPROACH   RAIL TRANSIT   MODE CHOICE   PASSENGER   ATTRIBUTES   EQUILIBRIUM  

摘要： Improving passengers' satisfaction is crucial for airline industry and requires in-depth understandings regarding the complex effects of various factors. This study investigates the importance, complex nonlinear effects and interaction effects of various factors (including passenger characteristics and service attributes) on airline travel satisfaction in data-driven manners leveraging machine-learning (ML) approaches. The results show that ML algorithms such as Random Forest have superiority in modeling airline travel satisfaction as compared to conventional logistic regressions. The quantitative importance of various factors is estimated and compared to reveal key determinants of passengers' satisfaction using permutation-based importance and accumulated local effect analysis. More importantly, results suggest that the main effects of service attributes present piecewise nonlinear patterns. There are piecewise interaction effects between passenger characteristics and service attributes and among service attributes on airline travel satisfaction. Practical implications on efficient and cost-effective measures of promoting satisfaction are derived and discussed based on the findings.

关键词： Resilience   Trauma-load   Posttraumatic stress disorder   CONNOR-DAVIDSON RESILIENCE   POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS   SOCIAL SUPPORT   MENTAL-HEALTH   PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE   PSYCHIATRIC RESILIENCE   DISORDER   PERSONALITY   SCALE   ATTACHMENT  

摘要： Resilience has been of particular interest to researchers and clinicians focused on response to trauma. In the current study, we employed a novel, discrepancy-based psychiatric resilience (DBPR) analytic approach to operationalizing resilience and examined its relation to potentially protective psychosocial factors in a nationally representative sample of U.S. veterans (N = 2704). Cumulative lifetime trauma burden, severity of PTSD symptoms, and protective factors such as personality characteristics (e.g., conscientiousness), protective psychosocial characteristics (e.g., purpose in life), and social connectedness (e.g., secure attachment style) were assessed. PTSD Checklist (PCL) scores were regressed onto cumulative trauma burden for the entire sample and a predicted PCL score was generated for each veteran. Resilience was operationalized as a lower actual relative to predicted PCL score. Results of a relative importance analysis revealed that somatic symptoms (22.5% relative variance explained [RVE]), emotional stability (22.4% RVE), and a secure attachment style (14.1%) explained the majority of the variance in resilience scores. These results demonstrate the utility of a DBPR approach to operationalizing resilience in U.S. military veterans. They also identify potentially modifiable psychosocial factors that may be bolstered in prevention and treatment efforts designed to mitigate the negative effects of trauma and promote resilience in this population.

关键词： Random sample classification   Temporal and spatial variation of rainfall   Imported products   English vocabulary translation  

摘要： In this paper, we use Monte Carlo simulation method to estimate the intra group correlation coefficient of the whole group of random sample classification design and recalculate the sample size according to the intra group correlation coefficient. Using this method, we can easily calculate the correlation coefficient and sample size and use the ODS function of SAS software to get word output. Then random samples are classified. In addition, this paper analyzes the relationship between summer heavy precipitation and spatial-temporal variation of circulation rainfall by using daily precipitation data of meteorological stations, NCEP reanalysis data, and relevant circulation index. Singular value decomposition (SVD) method is used to analyze the spatial correlation between spatial-temporal variation of summer rainfall and 500 hPa geopotential height; with the help of wavelet coherence and cross wavelet transform, the relationship between summer heavy rainfall and Western Pacific subtropical high and the relationship between East Asian summer monsoon and South China Sea summer monsoon are analyzed. Finally, the temporal and spatial variation of heavy rainfall in summer in this area is analyzed. With the development of economic globalization, the distribution of various products among countries becomes more and more frequent. In recent years, the number of imported products from China has increased, and many foreign products have entered the Chinese market. Because only in this way can people of different classes and ages know the basic characteristics and usage of the product. Standardizing English vocabulary translation of imported product description plays an important role in improving user’s product experience and increasing product sales. This paper adopts the method of random sample classification to study the temporal and spatial changes of rainfall and English vocabulary translation, so as to promote the development of imported products.