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关键词： Parkinson's disease   apoptosis   confocal microscopy   end-labeling   chromatin condensation   DNA fragmentation   PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH   HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT   RADIATION-INDUCED APOPTOSIS   SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA   NUCLEAR MATRIX   MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY   OPTICAL MICROSCOPY   LEUKEMIA-CELLS   PAIR FRAGMENTS   RAT THYMOCYTES  

摘要： There is considerable controversy regarding the possibility that nigral dopaminergic neurons may die via apoptosis in Parkinson's disease. It is now clear that both single- and/or double-stranded DNA breaks can be generated in the apoptotic degradative process. Since these breaks may also be present in necrotic cell death, in situ end labeling cannot be used in isolation to identify apoptotic neurons. We have developed a fluorescent double-labeling method that combines in situ end labeling with the simultaneous visualization of chromatin condensation. When viewed with laser confocal scanning microscopy, the structural detail of the nucleus is provided to unequivocally identify apoptotic nuclei. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： space-time interaction   homicide   city-level data   crack markets   guns   youth   DRUG   VIOLENCE   COCAINE  

摘要： This paper examines the linkage between crack market activity and gun homicide suggested by Blumstein (1995), who argues that the arrival of crack stimulated an increased availability of guns among juveniles. This greater availability of guns, the argument continues, is responsible for the sharp upswing in juvenile homicide experienced in the United States in the mid-1980s. Using city-level data on crack arrests and gun-related juvenile homicide, we fit a change-point version of the Bass (1969) model of innovation diffusion. We find that, in most large American cities, the diffusion process for crack cocaine experienced an onset of dramatic growth that was followed by a similar, slightly slower growth in gun homicides committed by juveniles. We further use cluster analysis to find that the spatial patterning of the two processes is similar, starting on the East and West Coasts and working their way toward other regions of the nation. Gun use in homicide among slightly older offenders (ages 18-24) also experienced a change at roughly the same time as the juveniles, but the rate;of diffusion was considerably milder than for the younger group; offenders ages 25 or older generally show no growth in gun-related homicide whatsoever. In addition, there is no detectable surge in juvenile nongun homicide activity. Based on these findings, we conclude that the crack cocaine markers-gun availability linkage is highly plausible, and we suggest directions for future research in clarifying the dynamics of the late-1980s surge in juvenile homicide.

关键词： mental states   mother-infant interaction   Mother-Baby Unit   postpartum   schizophrenia   BABY UNIT   PSYCHIATRIC MOTHER   CHILDREN   DISORDER   SCALE   WOMEN  

摘要： Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the role that disturbance of mental state of hospitalised mothers with a postpartum schizophrenic illness plays in determining the quality of mother-infant interactions. Method: We examined the relationship between the nature and severity of symptomatology in mothers with schizophrenia and the quality of her interactions with her infant in a sample of 15 mother-infant dyads admitted to a psychiatric Mother-Baby Unit, Data were obtained at admission and discharge. Results: Mothers with florid positive symptoms and prominent negative symptoms of schizophrenia and their infants were identified as being at particular risk of dis; playing disturbed interactions. The adverse contribution of negative symptoms was often not: evident until after the positive symptoms had resolved. Conclusions: Given that negative symptoms are often treatment resistant, optimal care of mothers with schizophrenia and their infants needs to involve ongoing therapeutic intervention which specifically addresses disturbances of mother-infant interaction. Further research is required to identify which interventions are likely to be of greatest benefit.

关键词： 口头合同形式   书面形式   《合同法》   当事人   交易主体   意思自治   口头形式   订立合同   法律意识   合同自由  

关键词： 监督检验   产品质量   企业   质量监督  

关键词： HEAD-INJURY   DEFICITS   FAKING   PERFORMANCE   PROSPECTS   BATTERY  

摘要： We analyzed the ability of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test to distinguish between 41 malingering and 31 normal undergraduates, and 17 probable malingering and 16 brain injured patients. A logistic regression consisting of number of categories (CAT) and failure to maintain set (FMS) distinguished malingering and normal undergraduates with 70.7% sensitivity, 87.1% specificity, and 77.8% overall classification, and distinguished patients suspected of malingering from brain injured controls with 82.4% sensitivity, 93.3% specificity, and 87.5% overall classification.

关键词： 下岗职工再就业   省工商局   基层协会   优惠政策   武汉市   "一把手"   合同的形式   经验和做法   台账制度   严格执行  

关键词： 数据变换   统计分析   误差修正模型   变换对   方差分析   统计检验   数据列   样本数据   正态总体   逻辑增长模型  

关键词： 技能目标   实验教学   技能教学   学科   课程   学时   教学质量   临床检验学   作用   目标教学  

摘要： 临床检验学是一门实践性很强的学科。其实验教学时数占本门课程总学时的50%以上。因此，在技能教学中把传统的目的教学转变为目标教学是提高临床检验教学质量的关键。

关键词： 涉外经济合同   合同形式   关系模式  

摘要： 本文提出新《合同法》的买卖合同形式规定已经与《联合国货物销售合同公约》（ 以下简称《公约》） 的规定相吻合，因而，应撤销基于旧合同而对《联合国货物销售合同公约》声明保留的内容。此外，文章还对国内法与国际条约的四种关系模式及我国立法的取向进行了论述。