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关键词： genes   heritability   melanoma   nevi   twins   CUTANEOUS MELANOMA   GERMLINE MUTATIONS   FAMILIAL MELANOMA   SUN EXPOSURE   CHILDREN   CDKN2   MOLE   SITES   NAEVI   RISK  

摘要： Risk factors for melanoma include environmental (particularly ultraviolet exposure) and genetic factors. In rare families, susceptibility to melanoma is determined by high penetrance mutations in the genes CDKN2A or CDK4, with more common, less penetrant genes also postulated. A further, potent risk factor for melanoma is the presence of large numbers of melanocytic nevi so that genes controlling nevus phenotype could be such melanoma susceptibility genes. A large Australian study involving twins aged 12 y of predominantly U.K. ancestry showed strong evidence for genetic influence on nevus number and density. We carried out essentially the same study in the U.K. to gain insight into gene-environment interactions for nevi. One hundred and three monozygous (MZ) and 118 dizygous (DZ) twin pairs aged 10-18 y were examined in Yorkshire and Surrey, U.K. Nevus counts were, on average, higher in boys (mean = 98.6) than girls (83.8) (p = 0.009) and higher in Australia (110.4) than in the U.K. (79.2, adjusted to age 12 y, p < 0.0001), and nevus densities were higher on sun-exposed sites (92 per m(2)) than sun-protected sites (58 per m(2)) (p < 0.0001). Correlations in sex and age adjusted nevus density were higher in MZ pairs (0.94, 95% CI 0.92-0.96) than in DZ pairs (0.61, 95%CI 0.49-0.72), were notably similar to those of the Australian study (MZ = 0.94, DZ = 0.60), and were consistent with high heritability (65% in the U.K., 68% in Australia). We conclude that emergence of nevi in adolescents is under strong genetic control, whereas environmental exposures affect the mean number of nevi.

关键词： 合同欺诈   法律特征   表现形式   原因分析  

摘要： 通过对经济合同欺诈的法律特征、表现形式及原因的论述 ,旨在使全社会对合同欺诈的危害性有充分的认识 ,引起足够的警觉。

关键词： 林业企业   木材产品营销   木材检验  

摘要： 木材检验是林业生产经营活动中的一项质量管理工作.充分发挥检验部门的作用,对于企业提质增效,具有重要意义.

关键词： 小豆   核心样品   遗传多样性   同工酶   分子标记   聚类分析  

摘要： 该研究基于小豆地理区划、农艺性六鉴定和营养品质分析等资料,通过离差平方和法聚类,采用系统取样和随机取样相结合,从3946份小豆种质资料中选取408份种质构成核心样品,比较为10.3%.通过对核心种质与全部种质多样性指数的t测验、数值性状极值、标准差和变异系数的比较,初步证明已构建的核心样品具有较好的代表性.

关键词： 格式合同   违法   表现形式  

摘要： 格式合同是合同一方当事人为了重复使用而预先未与对方协商拟定的，并在订立合同时不允许对方对其内容作变更、且绝大部分条款都是格式条款的合同。

关键词： community level physiological profiles   Gompertz equation   carbon sources   C-SOURCE UTILIZATION   SOURCE UTILIZATION PATTERNS   CARBON-SOURCE UTILIZATION   MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES   BIOLOG   DIVERSITY  

摘要： The relative effectiveness of average-well-color-development-normalized single-point absorbance readings (AWCD) vs the kinetic parameters mu (m), lambda, A, and integral (AREA) of the modified Gompertz equation tit to the color development curve resulting from reduction of a redox sensitive dye from microbial respiration of 95 separate sole carbon sources in microplate wells was compared for a dilution series of rhizosphere samples from hydroponically grown wheat and potato ranging in inoculum densities of 1 x 10(4) - 4 x 10(6) cells ml(-1). Patterns generated with each parameter were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA) to test relative resolving power. Samples of equivalent cell density (undiluted samples) were correctly classified by rhizosphere type for all parameters based on DFA analysis of the first five PC scores. Analysis of undiluted and 1:4 diluted samples resulted in misclassification of at least two of the wheat samples for all parameters except the AWCD normalized (0.50 abs. units) data, and analysis of undiluted, 1:4, and 1:16 diluted samples resulted in misclassification for all parameter types. Ordination of samples along the first principal component (PC) was correlated to inoculum density in analyses performed on all of the kinetic parameters, but no such influence was seen for AWCD-derived results. The carbon sources responsible for classification differed among the variable types with the exception of AREA and A, which were strongly correlated. These results indicate that the use of kinetic parameters for pattern analysis in CLPP may provide some additional information, but only if the influence of inoculum density is carefully considered. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 样照   文字说明   图像拍摄   商品检验检疫  

关键词： 计算机   医院   检验信息   信息处理  

摘要： 随着医学科学技术和计算机技术的飞速发展 ,计算机在医院检验信息处理中的应用越来越广 ,在医学检验领域中所发挥的作用也越来越大 ,为临床病人的诊断、治疗及愈后观察提供了重要的依据。本文从检验科的基本职能出发 ,谈一下计算机在医院检验科所发挥的作用 ,并对其应用前景进行展望。

关键词： 容器检验   磁粉检测   焊缝   X射线检测  

摘要： 1 问题的提出在实际工作中，我们常听到用户说：“这台容器已经用X射线作过检查了，没发现缺陷，为什么还要作磁粉检测呢?”用户提出这样的问题，源于用户对X射线检测与磁粉检测的特点不了解，片面地认为，X射线检测可以代替一切检验手段，只要X射线检验合格了，就可以不用其它方法检验了，容器肯定是合格的了。其实这种认识是错误的。

关键词： 商品包装   学科:设计   地点:世界  

ISBN: (纸本)7501931283

摘要： 本书内容包括概述，包装分类定位设计与构思，包装分类设计构成、编排与构图，包装容器造型分类设计，包装纸盒分类设计，包装视觉传达分类设计，包装系列设计，包装分类设计印刷与绘稿，包装分类设计与民族文化，包装设计的新趋势。